Drill: Determine EC, EDD, & Ox # for each element in

CuCl2

Chemical Periodicity

Atomic Size•Size increases as you go down in any column

•Size decreases from left to right in any row

Ionic Size•Size increases as total charge decreases

•C+2 > C+4

•F-1 > F

Rank the elements from their atomic number

from smallest to largest

9, 55, 13, 11, & 1

Ionization Energy•The energy required to remove electrons from atoms or ions

1st Ionization Energy• Decreases as you go

down any column

• Increases from left to right on any row

• Fr <<<<<<<<<<<<<He

Shielding Effect• The further away an

electron is from the nucleus, the more electron clouds lie between the electron & the nucleus

Review HW•Problems:

•40 – 42 & 57 – 64

•on pages 170 & 171

Ionization Energies

•2nd > 1st

•3rd > 2nd

•Massive increase when a shell is emptied

Electron Affinity•The attraction of electrons by an atom

Electron Affinity• Decreases as you go

down any column

• Increases from left to right across any row

• Fr <<<<<<<<<<<< F

Drill:• Arrange the following atoms

from lowest to highest 1st ionization energies:

• 2, 20, 14, 55, 7

Electronegativity

•The attraction of shared pairs of

electrons by an atom

Electronegativity• Decreases as you go

down any column

• Increases from left to right across any row

• Fr <<<<<<<<<<<< F

Drill:Describe the trends

of the first four ionization energies

of aluminum

Metallic Character

•Increases as you go down any column

•Decreases from left to right across any row

Reactivity•Metals 1A > 2A > 3A

•Metals increase down

•Nonmetals increase as you get closer to F

Metal Oxides•When dissolved in water, make basic solutions

•Sometimes called basic anhydrides

•MgO, Na2O, etc

Non-metal Oxides•When dissolved in water, make acidic solutions

•Sometimes called acid anhydrides

•CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2

Metal Hydrides•Metals bonded to H

•When dissolved in water, make basic solutions

•NaH, MgH2, AlH3, etc

Non-metal Hydrides•Non-metals bonded to H

•When dissolved in water, make acidic solutions

•HCl, H2S, HBr, etc

•Exception: NH3

Place the following elements in largest to smallest order

with respect to: 1) diameter 2) 1st ionization energy

3) electronegativity 4) metalic character

• Elements #: 1,5, 8, 15, 56

Identify as ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds

Na-Cl Fe-CrS-Cl H-Cl

Mg-S C-CN-O Fe-Fe

Active Metal Rxns

M + H2O

MOH + H2

Predict Products:

Solid potassium is added to water:

2 K + 2 HOH

2 KOH + 1 H2

Predict Products:

Solid calcium is added to water:

Ca + 2 HOH

Ca(OH)2 + H2

Active Metal Rxns

MxOy + H2O

Mx(OH)z

Predict Products:

Solid potassium oxide is added to

water:

K2O + HOH

2 KOH

Predict Products:Solid barium

oxide is added

to water:

BaO + HOH

Ba(OH)2

Active Metal Rxns

MxOy + H2O

Mx(OH)z

Predict Products:Solid aluminum

oxide is added

to water:

Al2O3 + 3 HOH

2 Al(OH)3

Active Non-metal Rxns

X2 + H2O

HX + HXOn

Predict Products:Chlorine gas

is bubbled

through water:

Cl2 + H2O

HCl + HClO

Active Non-metal Rxns

XmOn+ H2O

HXOz

Predict Products:Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through

water:

SO2 + H2O

H2SO3

Predict Products:Dichlorine oxide

gas is bubbled through water:

1 Cl2O + H2O

2 HClO

An 30.0 g unknown sample (containing only C, H, & O) was burned in excess

oxygen yielding 66 g CO2 & 36 g H2O. Calculate its

empirical formula :

An 240 g unknown sample (containing only C, H, S, &

O) was burned in excess oxygen yielding 352 g CO2, 144 g H2O, & 128 g, SO2.

Calculate its empirical formula :

Drill: Burning octane (C8H18) occurs at a

99 % yield. Calculate the volume of oxygen

gas required to burn 228 mg octane.

Test Review

Write the EC, EDD, QN, & Ox States for

elements:

20, 27, 51, 42, 60, & 2

Predict size order for elements:

45, 15, 57, 9, 88, 1

Predict 1st ionization energy

order for elements:

22, 55, 14, 87, 8, 10

Predict electronegativity

order for elements:

13, 38, 8, 56, 9, 10

Predict the type of bond for:

Fe-Fe Ca-FP-O Si-OCs-I Ti-Fe