Drift Time Spectrometer for

Heaviest Elements

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München March 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui

Drift Time Spectrometer for Heaviest Elements

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München March 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui

Motivation• Atom physics :

Relativistic EffectsValence Electron Configuration

Element Identification

Experiments• Drift time measurements on actinides

Atoms and Molecules

Concept for an Online-Spectrometer

Prospects

Overview:

5f 6d 5f 6d 5f 6d5f 6d

19K

20Ca

21Sc

22Ti

23V

24Cr

25Mn

26Fe

27Co

28Ni

29Cu

30Zn

31Ga

32Ge

33As

34Se

37Rb

38Sr

39Y

40Zr

41Nb

42Mo

43Tc

44Ru

45Rh

46Pd

47Ag

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

52Te

55Cs

56Ba

57La

72Hf

73Ta

74W

75Re

76Os

77Ir

78Pt

79Au

80Hg

81Tl

82Pb

83Bi

84Po

87Fr

88Ra

89Ac

35Br

53I

36Kr

54Xe

85At

86Rn

104Rf

105Du

106Sg

107Bh

108Hs

109Mt

11Na

12Mg

3Li

4Be

1H

13Al

5B

7N

14Si

6C

15P

16S

80

9F

17Cl

16Ar

10Ne

2He

110 111 112Ds

114

58Ce

59Pr

60Nd

61Pm

62Sm

63Eu

64Gd

65Tb

66Dy

67Ho

69Tm

70Yb

71Lu

68Er

113 115 116

Pu9490

Th91Pa

92U

93Np

95Am

96Cm

97Bk

98Cf

99Es

101Md

102No

103Lr

100Fm

5f 6d5f6d 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f

Lanthanides (4f)

Actinides (5f)

6d2 6d3 6d46d7s 7s2 6d5 6d …6

117 118

Periodic Table of Elements

1

Relativistic Contraction

58.0

For hydrogene-likemercury (Hg) with Z=80:

Zv

137

Z

c

v a.u.

a.u.r

vpmr

r

Ze

2

2

2

nrp

v

Ze

l

2

nZe

v2

1s 2p15

10

5

00.1 0.2r [a.u.]

D(r

)

0.05 0.10

D(r

)

40

20

0r [a.u.]

j=3/2

j=1/2

V. Burke et al., Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 90, 297 (1967)

1s 2p15

10

5

00.1 0.2r [a.u.]

D(r

)

0.05 0.10

D(r

)

40

20

0r [a.u.]

j=3/2

j=1/2

Relativistic Contraction

rmax : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function

of the Outermost Orbital

J.P. Desclaux, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973)

P. Pyykkö, Phys. Scr. 20, 647 (1979)

{

For Uranium (Z=92)

E [

eV]

c c

Shift of Electronic Energy Levels

J.P. Desclaux At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973)

Valence Electron Configuration & Element Identification

rmax : Principal Maximum

of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbit

o

o

FrCsRb

K

NaLi

o

5f3d 4d 4f

Mc Daniel et al. 1970

Ion Mobility Spectrometry

P.R. Kemper and M.T. BowersJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3231 (1990)

T [10-4 s]

Co+:3d8, 3F

mCo+ :3d74s1, 3F

1.0 1.4 1.8Inte

nsi

ty a

rb. u

nits

ionbAr

driftb

driftba

ionb

ionba

r

r

t

t

r

r1

2

1 ,,

Ionic Radii from Drift Time

.

.

d

rAr

rionIn Rigid Sphere Model :

e: ChargeN: Number Density of Buffer Gas Atoms: Reduced MasskB: Boltzmann ConstantTeff: Effective Temperature : Collision Cross Section: Higher Order Corrections

)(1,1 effT

Relative Measurements :

221,1 )()( ionAreff rrdT

)(

12

16

3

1,1 effeffB TTkN

eK

ionb

iona

ionba rrr ,

bdrift

adrift

badrift ttt ,

KE

stdrift

K: Ion MobilityE: Electric Field Strengths: Ion pathtdrift: drift time

Experimental Setup

0 5 10 cm

Optical Fiber

LPM

QMS

Buffer GasCellBuffer GasCell

QPIG

Channeltron

1x10-2mbar 5x10-7mbar2x10-4mbar

4x10-6mbar

TMP700 l/s

TMP 330 l/s

TMP230 l/s

TMP 360 l/s

LaserBeam

255FmFilament

zedz

dsE

)(

+

+

70 V

220 V

200 V

20 V

LaserBeams

188 V

0 40z [mm]

Computer SimulationSIMION 7

A°1)( ionrsE

The used Buffer Gas Cell

For absolute Measurements!

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,00,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

Pu+

Am+

I on

Sig

nal

t [ms]

T = 1,78 msAm+

T = 1,83 msPu+

rion

Pu+

,Am+

rion

Pu+

= -(3,1 ± 1,3)%

Drift Time Difference Pu+ - Am+ Drift Time Difference Pu+ - PuO+

T = 1,85 msPu+

T = 2,38 msPuO+

rion

Pu+

,PuO+

rion

Pu+

= (28 ± 3)%

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,50,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0 Pu+

PuO+

Ion

Sig

n al

t [ms]

Measurements

PHD Thesis, Achim Dretzke, Mainz

Measurements T FmD= 0.89(1) ms+

T CfD = 0.91(1) ms+

T UOD= 1.09(1) ms+

%20,

ionCf

ionCfUO

r

r

%2,

ionCf

ionCfFm

r

r

%3max

max,

Cf

CfFm

r

r

Ab Initio Theorie :J.P. Desclaux

TargetWheel

QuadrupoleTriplet

Condenser Platesfor Electric Field

DipoleMagnets

BeamDump

QuadrupoleTriplet

Buffer Gas Cell

254No Beam

Objectives: No (Z=102) to Db (Z=105)

Z=102: 208Pb (48Ca,2n) 254No (t1/2=55 s) 5 Ions/s

Z=103: 209Bi (48Ca,2n) 255Lr (t1/2=21.5 s)

SHIP @ GSI

Electric Field ( 50 V/cm)

254NoIon Beam +

Drift Time Cell (100 mbar Ar Buffer Gas)

Ion Guide

Dynode Foils- 1.5 kV

e-

HI+

Channeltron+ 1.5 kV

QMS

_Detector Wheel

Fixed_Detectors

Development of an On Line Spectrometer

Cou

nts

TD [ms]4039

QMS :40 u

QMS :254 u

30 cm

Direct Measurement ofTb

D Ta,b

D = TaD - Tb

D

Trigger

+

Es24321 s

Es246

7,7 m

Es245

1,3 m

Es24437 s

Es247

4,7 m

Es248

28 m

Es249

1,70 h

Es250

2,22 h | 8,6 h

Es25133 h

Es252

471,7 d

Es253

20,4 d

Es254

39,3 h | 275,7 d

Es255

39,8 d

Es256

7,6 h | 22 m

Fm247

9,2 s | 35 s

Fm2461,1 s

Fm2454,2 s

Fm24836 s

Fm251

5,3 h

Fm252

25,4 h

Fm253

3,0 d

Fm254

3,24 h

Fm255

20,1 h

Fm256

2,63 h

Fm244

3,0 ms

Fm243

0,18 s

Fm242

0,8 ms

Fm249

2,6 m

Fm250

1,8 s | 39 m

Fm257

100,5 d

Fm258

0,38 ms

Fm2591,5 s

Fm

Es

Md2472,9 s

Md252

2,3 m

Md254

10m | 28 m

Md24924 s

Md2487 s

Md25052 s

Md251

4,0 mMd

Md256

1,3 h

Md258

43 m | 56 d

Md257

5,0 h101

102No250

0,25 ms

No25726 s

No252

2,39 s

No2510,8 s

No253

1,7 mNo

No258

1,2 ms

No259

58 m

No255

3,1 m

No2563,1 s

103Lr25416 s

Lr253

1,5 s| 0,6 s

Lr255

21,5 sLr

Lr2603 m

Lr256

25,9 s

Lr258

4,35 s

104Rf262

47 ms| 1,2 s

RfRf2551,4 s

Rf254

22 s

Rf253

48 s

Rf256

6,7 ms

Rf2574,7 s

Rf2593,1 s

Rf26165 s

105Db2601,5 s

DbDb2571,3 s

Db2562,6 s

Db2584,4 s

Db26234 s

106Sg263

0,3 s| 0,9 s

SgSg259

0,48 s

Sg258

2,9 ms

Sg2657,1 s

Sg26634 s

Sg261

0,23 s

Sg260

3,6 ms

107 BhBh262

8,0 ms| 102 ms

Bh261

11,8 ms

Bh264

440 ms

108Hs2699,3 s

HsHs265

0,8 ms| 1,7 ms

Hs267

33 ms

Hs264

0,45 ms

109 MtMt268

70 ms

Mt266

3,4 ms

110 DsDs271

1,1 ms| 56 ms

Ds273

0,076 |118 ms| ms

Ds269

0,17 ms

Rg274

9,26 ms

Rg272

1,5 msRg

112277

1,5 ms112

113278

0,34 ms113

1142892,6 s

1141142880,8 s

114287

0,51 s

115

116292

18 ms116

116290

15 ms

118294

1,8 ms118

116291

6,3 ms

115288

125 ms

Rg2805,2 s

Bh272

14,14 s

Bh2661 s?

Mt270

7,16 ms

Rf260

21 ms

111

115287

32 ms

113283

0,10 s

Rg279

0,17 s

Mt276

1,03 s

Mt275

9,7 ms

Db267

73 m

Rf267

2,3 h

Ds279

0,18 s

1122834,0 s

112284

97 ms

11228529 s

112282

0,50 ms

Sg271

29,14 s

Hs275

11,8 ms

113284

0,69 s

6d

Actinides

Breeding in High Flux Nuclear Reactors

Heavy Ion Induced Nuclear Fusion

Reactions

7p114286

0,16 s

Hs277

16,5 m

Ds281

11,1 s

Db268

23,1 h

Prospects:

11429021 s

112286

11 m

Ds282

1,1 m

Hs278

11 m

162

Hs2702,4 s

Db2590,5 s

Rf263

15 m

Lr2520,4 s

Lr261

39 m

Lr262

3,6 h

No260

106 ms

No2625 ms

Md259

95 m

Md260

31,8 d

Hs266

2,3 ms

Ds270

0,1 ms| 6,0 ms

Sg262

6,9 ms

Rf258

12 ms

No254

0,28 s| 55 s

Lr257

0,66 s

Db2611,8 s

Bh265

940 ms

Bh26717 s

Db26327 s

Lr2595,4 s

Md255

27 m

Rf268

http://www.ha.physik.uni-muenchen.de/heaviest_atoms

Towards the Island of Stability375. WE-Heraeus Seminar

Workshop on the Atomic Properties of the Heaviest Elements

Local OrganizersM. SewtzD. Habs

Atomic PhysicsH. Backe, GermanyM. BlockP. Campbell, Great BritainM. Drewsen, DenmarkYu. Kudryavtsev, BelgiumW. Lauth, GermanyU. Schramm, GermanyG. Werth, GermanyN. N.

Nuclear ChemistryR.G. Haire, USAM. Schädel, GermanyA.Türler, GermanyN. N.

TheoryS. Fritzsche, GermanyP. Indilicato, FranceU. Kaldor, IsraelV. Pershina, GermanyP. Pyykkö, FinlandL.A. Viehland, USAN. N.

Nuclear PhysicsS. Hofmann, GermanyK. Morita, JapanYu. Oganessian, RussiaR.D. Herzberg, Great BritainN. N.

ChemistryP.B. Armentrout, USAJ.K. Gibson, USAN. N.

Abtei Frauenwörth im Chiemsee, GermanySeptember 25 th - 27 th, 2006

H. BackeA. DretzkeP. KunzW. Lauth

Institut fürKernphysik

Universität MainzGermany

S. Fritzsche

Fachbereich PhysikUniversität Kassel

Germany

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMaier-Leibnitz-Labor

GermanyD. Habs, V. Kolhinen, M. Laatiaoui, J. Neumayr, M.Sewtz, P. Thirolf

SHIPTRAP-CollaborationTASCA-Collaboration

@GSI