“Dreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely insane every night of our...
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Transcript of “Dreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely insane every night of our...
“Dreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely insane every night of our lives.”
Charles Fisher
Sleep and Dreams
Biological Rhythms periodic physiological fluctuations
Circadian Rhythm biological clock regular bodily rhythms that
occur on 24-hour cycle, wakefulness and body temperature
Sleepperiodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
Sleep Across the Lifespan
Sleep and Dreams REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep 1953 Eugene Aserinsky discovered
REM sleep recurring sleep stage vivid dreams “paradoxical sleep”
muscles are generally relaxed
other body systems are active
Brain Waves and Sleep Stages
Beta waves
Typical Night’s Sleep
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4
3
2
1
Awake
Hours of sleep
REM
Sleep Deprivation
Effects of Sleep Loss fatigue impaired
concentration depressed immune
system greater
vulnerability to accidents
REM ReboundREM sleep increases following
REM sleep deprivation
Sleep Deprivation
2,400
2,700
2,600
2,500
2,800
Spring time change(hour sleep loss)
3,600
4,200
4000
3,800
Fall time change(hour sleep gained)
Less sleep,more accidents
More sleep,fewer accidents
Monday before time change Monday after time change
Accident frequency
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia persistent problems in falling or staying
asleep Narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep attacks Sleep Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing momentary reawakenings
Somnambulism sleepwalking
Sleep DisordersInsomnia
Chronic problems in getting good sleep Difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep Causes
Stress, depression, health problems Solutions
Sedatives sometimes ineffective/never long-term solution
Don’t take naps during dayAvoid alcohol, caffeine, and cigarettes within 5 hrs
before bedtime (avoid exercise within 2 hrs)Keep schedule – going to bed/waking up at same
time
Sleep Disorders
Hypersomnia Being sleepy during the day and sleeping
too much at night Narcolepsy
Parasomnias Sleep apnea Nightmares Night terrors Sleepwalking
Night Terrors and Nightmares
Night Terrors occur within 2
or 3 hours of falling asleep, usually during Stage 4
high arousal-- appearance of being terrified
Dreams
sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through sleeping person’s mind hallucinatory imagery incongruities delusional acceptance of content difficulties remembering Lucid dreaming ("light, bright, clear") is the conscious perception of one's state while dreaming, resulting in a
clearer experience.
Theories of Dreaming
Dreams as Problem-SolvingDreams reflect emotional preoccupations of
waking life—relationships, sex, work, health.
Images in dream are sometimes symbols for things in life.
This agrees with Freud >dreams contain symbols, but no “latent” (unconscious) meaning
Meaning is at surface level—”manifest” content
Dreams: Freud Sigmund Freud--The Interpretation of Dreams
(1900) wish fulfillment discharge otherwise unacceptable feelings attempt to satisfy sexual and aggressive impulses
we cannot satisfy when we are awake
Manifest Content remembered story line
Latent Content underlying meaning
1976 Hobson & McCarly
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Dreams result from random activation of brain cells responsible for eye movement, muscle movement, balance, and vision.
Brain then synthesizes (combines) this activity with existing knowledge and memories as if signals came from environment
How we interpret the random images and sensations as dream’s meaning
Information Processing Theory
Mental Housekeeping TheoryDuring sleep, brain shuts out sensory input
so it can process what was stored in memory during day
Dreams are brief glimpses of brain’s sorting, scanning and searching through memories. Dreams have no meaning.
Supporting this theory is research showing that REM sleep is important for remembering things that were learned during preceding day.
Eugen Tarnow suggests dreams are ever-present excitations of long-term memory. Strangeness of dreams due to format of long-term memory
up to 70% of females and 65% of males report recurrent dreams.
sexual dreams show up no more than 10 % of the time
common themes: themes relating to school, being chased, sexual experiences, falling, arriving too late, a person now alive being dead, flying, & failing a test.
12% of people dream only in black and white.
men's dreams 70 % of characters are other men, female's dreams contain equal number of men & women.
Sleep IQ
1. During sleep your brain rests.False: While your body rests, your brain doesn’t.
2. You cannot learn to function normally with one or two fewer hours of sleep a night than you need.True: Sleep need is biological. While children need more sleep than adults, how much sleep any individual needs is genetically determined.
3. Boredom makes you feel sleepy, even if you have had enough sleep.False: Boredom only unmasks sleepiness, but doesn’t cause it.
Sleep IQ
4. Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body’s need for sleep.True: Sleep is as necessary to health as food and water, and rest is no substitute for sleep.
5. Snoring is not harmful, as long as it doesn’t disturb others or wake you up.False: Snoring may be a signal for sleep apnea (which can be fatal if untreated).
6. Everyone dreams at night.True: Every person dreams every night –
it’s just that some of us can’t remember much of our dreams.
Sleep IQ
7. The older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need.False: Although we tend to sleep less, our need for sleep doesn’t decrease as we age.
8. Most people don’t know when they are sleepy.True: We are not very good judges of our biological need for sleep.
9. Raising the volume of your radio will help you stay awake while driving.False: The only short-term solutions are to pull over and take a nap or to have a caffeinated drink.
Sleep IQ
10. Sleep disorders are mainly due to worry or psychological problems.False: Sleep apnea is caused by relaxed muscles and narcolepsy appears to be genetic.
11. The human body never adjusts to night shift work.True: No matter how long you work a night shift, sleeping during the day remains a challenge because of our circadian rhythms that operate on the light/dark schedule.
12. Most sleep disorders go away, even without treatment.False: On average, sleep disorders do not disappear without treatment.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zVCYdrw-1o