DRE: DUI & DRUGS - CACLDcacld.net/.../2014/04/CACLD-Spring-2014-Seminar-DRE-and-DUID.pdf · The DRE...

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The DRE DUI & DRUGS Captain George Crum Fullerton Police Department

Transcript of DRE: DUI & DRUGS - CACLDcacld.net/.../2014/04/CACLD-Spring-2014-Seminar-DRE-and-DUID.pdf · The DRE...

The DRE

DUI & DRUGS

Captain George Crum

Fullerton Police Department

What is a DRE?

• Drug Recognition Expert

• Experienced officer

• Selected by their department

• Special training in detecting drug

influence/impairment

• Able to determine what drug categories a

person is under the influence of through

the DRE evaluation process.

History

• 2014 - 16,000 certified DRE; 37 states; 1500 DRE instructors ; certified by IACP

• Canada, Australia, Sweden, Norway & England

• Now 80hrs of classroom

– 12-15 supervised evaluations

– Confirmation with Toxicology

– 100 question final knowledge exam

• Recertification: every two years

The 7 Drug Categories

• Depressants

• Inhalants

• Dissocative Anesthetics [PCP]

• Cannabis

• Stimulants

• Hallucinogens

• Narcotic Analgesics

Depressants

• This category includes alcohol

• Barbiturates

• Chloral Hydrate [ "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn”] • GHB

• Methaqualone

• Lithium

• Phenobarbital

• They produce horizontal gaze nystagmus

• Do not generally affect pupil size, and typically depress the vital signs.

• The appearance of a “drunk” without the odor of alcohol

Inhalants

• Volatile Solvents: such as paint thinner,

gasoline, toluene, turpentine, and paint

• Aerosols: Glade air freshener, Pam,

hairspray, caned air

• Anesthetic Gases: Nitrous oxide [NOS]

("laughing gas"), Freon, ether

Dissociative Anesthetic

• PCP [phenylcyclohexyl piperidine]

• Ketamine

• DXM Dextromethorphan

Cannabis

THC

(Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol)

• Marijuana

• Hash

• Hash oil

• Synthetic THC: Marinol© [dronabinol]

– Approved for two uses

• MARINOL treats nausea and vomiting associated with

cancer chemotherapy in patients who have failed to respond

adequately to conventional treatments.

• MARINOL also treats appetite loss associated with weight

loss in people who have acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS) ,

Stimulants

• Cocaine

• Amphetamine

• Methamphetamine

• Ephedrine

• Ritalin

Hallucinogens

• LSD

• Psilocybin

• Mescaline / Peyote

• Bufotenine

• Morning Glory seeds

• Jimson Weed

• Nutmeg

• "Ecstasy“ MDMA psychedelic amphetamine [methylenedioxy methamphetamine]

• Salvia Divinorum

Narcotic Analgesics [opiates]

• Heroin

• Morphine

• Codeine

• Percodan© [oxycodone + aspirin]

• Oxycondone

• Vicodin © [hydrocodone]

• Demerol © [meperidine]

• Methadone

• Fentanyl

What is a DRE Evaluation?

• Standardized and Systematic method

• 12 step evaluation– 1. PASD – BAC

– 2. Interview of Arresting Officer

– 3. Preliminary Examination

– 4. Eye Exam- HGN, VGN, LOC, Size

– 5. Divided Attention Tests [SFSTs]

– 6. Vital Signs Exam – B/P, Temp, Pulse

– 7. Darkroom Exam – Room, Darkness, Direct, Nasal, Oral

– 8. Muscle tone

– 9. Exam Injection Sites – Evid of ingestion

– 10. Statements – Interrogation

– 11. Opinion of DRE

– 12. Toxicology

Drug Symptom MatrixCNS

DEPRESSANT INHALANTSDISSOCATIVE

ANESTHETIC CANNABIS

CNS

STIMULANTS HALLUCINOGENS

NARCOTIC

ANALGESICS

HGN PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT NONE NONE NONE NONE

VERTICAL

NYSTAGMUS

PRESENT *

(HIGH DOSE)

PRESENT *

(HIGH DOSE)PRESENT NONE NONE NONE NONE

LACK OF

CONVERGENCEPRESENT PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT NONE NONE NONE

PUPIL SIZE NORMAL (1) NORMAL (4) NORMAL DILATED (6) DILATED DILATED CONSTRICTED

REACTION TO LIGHT SLOW SLOW NORMAL NORMAL SLOW NORMAL (3)LITTLE TO NONE

VISABLE

PULSE RATE DOWN (2) UP UP UP UP UP DOWN

BLOOD PRESSURE DOWN UP/DOWN (5) UP UP UP UP DOWN

BODY TEMPERATURE NORMALUP/DOWN/

NORMALUP NORMAL UP UP DOWN

1. Soma and Quaaludes usually dilated pupils

2. Quaaludes and ETOH may elevate

3. Certain psychedelic amphetamines may cause slowing

4. Normal but may be dilated

5. Down with anesthetic gases, up with volatile solvents and aerosols

6. Pupil size possible normal

* High Dose for that particular individual

Orange County DRE Growth

• 2011-113 DRE

Officers

• 2014-Over 300

DRE Officers

• 2011-12 DRE

Instructors

• 2014-25 DRE

Instructors

Saliva Preliminary Results

• 15 - Tested

• 10 - Positive for

Amphetamine/Meth

• 3 - Positive for

Meth/Opiates

• 1 - Meth/THC

• 1 - THC

Oral Fluid Admonition

• The Fullerton Police Department is participating in an oral fluid drug

testing research project. You are being asked to voluntarily submit to

two oral fluid swabs to detect the presence of drugs in your saliva.

The results of these saliva samples will not be used against you in

any criminal or administrative hearings.

If the suspect has refused to submit to an implied consent chemical test read

the following admonition:

Providing a saliva sample does not satisfy your legal requirement

to provide a blood sample to determine the drug content of your

blood. Even if you submit to a saliva test, you are still required by

state law to submit to a blood test.

QUESTIONS?

Captain George Crum

Fullerton Police Department

[email protected]

Phone: 714.738.6841