Dramatic and Literary Elements. Act A division within a play, much like chapters of a novel.
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Transcript of Dramatic and Literary Elements. Act A division within a play, much like chapters of a novel.
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Dramatic and Literary Elements
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ActA division within a play, much
like chapters of a novel
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AnalogyComparison between two things
for the purpose of clarifying the less familiar of the two.
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AsideLines that are spoken by a
character directly to the audience
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Blank verseNon-rhyming poetry, usually
written in iambic pentameter. Most of Shakespeare’s plays are written in this form, which is very close to normal speech rhythms and patterns. Often Shakespeare will deviate from this form in order to make a point about the character’s state of mind or for other emphasis, like a change in the mood.
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CatalystSomeone who drives the hero
into action.
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ComedyA humorous work of drama
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Comic reliefIn a tragedy, a break in the
seriousness for a moment of comedy or silliness.
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DialogueConversation between two or
more characters
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Double entendreA word or phrase with more than
one meaning, usually when the second meaning is risqué
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Dramatic ironyWhen the audience or reader
knows something that the characters in the story do not know
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EuphemismA substitution of a more pleasant
expression for one whose meaning may come across as rude or offensive.
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Figurative languageWriting or speech that is not
meant to be taken literally; often used to compare dissimilar objects; figurative language includes metaphor, simile, personification, and hyperbole
Used to create vivid imagery and depth of meaning to convey a mood
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FoilA character who is nearly
opposite of another character; the purpose of a foil is to reveal a stark contrast between two characters, often the protagonist and antagonist
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ForeshadowingHints of events to occur later in a
story
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IambA unit in poetry consisting of an
unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
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Iambic pentameterA 10-syllable line divided into 5
iambic feet (one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable). This is the basic rhythm of Shakespeare’s verse.
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IronyA contradiction between what is
expected and what actually is – or appearance versus reality; includes verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony.
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MonologueA long speech spoken by a
character to himself, another character, or to the audience.
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OxymoronWhen two opposite terms are
used together
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ProseNormal speech rhythm;
Shakespeare often wrote certain characters speaking either in all verse or all prose, indicating some personality trait of the character. If the character deviates from his normal form, be aware of a changing state of mind . . . Often prose signals a character slipping into insanity!
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PunA play on words, especially those
that sound alike, but have different meanings
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Rhetorical devicesTechniques writers use to
enhance their arguments and communicate more effectively.
RepetitionAnalogyParallelismRhetorical questions
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ReversalThe point at which the action of
the plot takes an unexpected turn; usually the protagonist learns something about himself and might even regret his decisions, or realizes the affect his decision may have on himself or others
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Rhyming coupletTwo rhyming lines at the end of a
speech, signaling that a character is leaving the stage or that the scene is ending
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SarcasmType of verbal irony; critical
remark in the form of a statement in which literal meaning is opposite actual meaning; mocking and intended to hurt someone
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SceneA division of an act into smaller
parts
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SoliloquyThoughts spoken aloud by a
character when he/she is alone, or thinks he/she is alone; generally assumed to be genuine
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Stage directionsItalicized comments that identify
parts of the setting or the use of props or costumes, give further information about a character, or provide background information; in Shakespeare’s plays, stage directions can also appear in brackets, parenthesis, and/or half-brackets
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SuspenseExcitement or tension readers
feel as they wait to find out how a story ends or a conflict is resolved
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Tragic flaw/heroA tragic flaw is an error in
judgment or a character defect that ultimately leads to his/her downfall.
A tragic hero is a protagonist with a fatal flaw that eventually leads to his demise – usually of high social rank – usually faces downfall with courage and dignity.