Drained and water tight tunnels
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Transcript of Drained and water tight tunnels
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Drained and Water
Tight Tunnel
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Contents
2
Introduction
Infow in the construction phase
Groundwater Control during
Construction
Sealed Tunnel/Permanent Lining
Drained tunnel
Sealing (Waterproong o! Tunnel a"o#e
Ground Water Ta"le
Geos$nthetics %sed in Tunnels
Smart Drains
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Introduction
3
Tunnels are always encountered with theseepage of water from the surrounding soil
or rock
below the ground water table
percolating water
groundwater and other waters must be
withdrawn from the tunnel Ground water must not inter into the tunnel
specially road and railway tunnels during its
service life
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Infow in the construction phase
4
Heading inows occur whentunneling inters a water-bearing
one cases with ow rate more than
!"### $%s are reported appropriate resources &pumps
etc'( must be available on site
during tunneling
)ater in rush" *ussen Tunnel
$nrushing water" +implon Tunnel
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Groundwater Control during Construction
,
ewatering at the Tunnel
*ace rainage .head of *ace
from /robe Holes
rainage from /ilot
0ore%Tunnel
Grouting
*reeing
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Sealed Tunnel/Permanent Lining
1
+ealed tunnels do not inuence the groundwater
but their lining has to support full water pressure To estimate ground water load
mpirical ethod
.nalytical +olution
and umerical ethod
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Sealed Tunnel/Permanent Lining
5
*actors that a6ecting water loads on the
underwater tunnel linings due to water ow are relative ground-lining permeability
relative ground-lining sti6ness
geometric factors such as
depth below the water body
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Sealed Tunnel/Permanent Lining
7
T0 e8cavated tunnel +prayed shotcrete lining
$mpermeable geosynthetic membrane 9nal lining may consist of cast-in-place concrete"
precast concrete panels" or shotcrete
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Drained tunnel
:
Hydrostatic pressure on lining relieved due to
drainage of water Groundwater penetrates the shotcrete shell
through 9ssures and ad hoc bored holes +ide pipes guide the groundwater to main
collector
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!#
Drained tunnel
Geosynthetic sheet%strip are used
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!!
Drained tunnel
Ground )ater ischarge into a &rained
circular tunnel(
+olution given by ;aymer< obtained with packer tests
appro8imate solution isotropic permeability
&
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!2
Drained tunnel
+eepage *orce on rained
Tunnel
pressure e8erted by the ground upon the crown of an undrained tunnelis given by
ground pressure acting upon thecrown of a drained tunnel
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!3
Drained tunnel
nvironmental 6ects of drainage
>euier arch dam &+witerland(
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!4
Sealing (Waterproong o! Tunnel a"o#e Ground Water Ta"le
?mbrella waterproo9ng
protected against
downwards percolatingwater
water pressure &3-bar(water-tight concrete
high water pressure &up to!, bar( watertightmembranes
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!,
Geos$nthetics %sed in Tunnels
Drained tunnel
Geospacers Geocomposite
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!1
Geos$nthetics %sed in Tunnels
%ndrained tunnel
Geocompositeprotective
Geomembrane
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!5
Smart Drains .n e6ective and long lasting solution for tunnel
drainage
micro channels start collect water" dirt and
particles are held back by in the soil gravity
separating action avoid clogging of drains
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!7
Smart Drains
siphoning action The drain belts are inserted into the
collection pipes
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!:
Smart Drains
also available in pipe
form
@logging and
sedimentation is
avoided
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2#