FUEL INJECTORS All fuel injection systems use solenoid-operated injectors.
Draft : Which beams in the injectors fulfil HL-LHC Upgrade Scenario 1 goals?
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Transcript of Draft : Which beams in the injectors fulfil HL-LHC Upgrade Scenario 1 goals?
Draft : Which beams in the injectors fulfil HL-LHC Upgrade Scenario 1 goals?
S. Gilardoni et al.
RLIUP technical meeting 18/10/2013
Agenda
- Summary of US1 beam parameters- Possible production schemes
- 3-splitting
- BCMS- Summary of issues in the injectors:
- PSB - Space charge: L4 connection
- PS - Space charge: PSB@2 GeV
- Headtail instability
- Longitudinal stability : Finemet cavity
- Electron cloud : transverse damper
- SPS- Space Charge: well matched to PS space charge
- Maximum available RF power: 200 MHz LL and HL upgrade
- Electron cloud: effect on emittance or intensity?
Performance summary (US1-LHC vs. US1-LIU)
Ib(1011) ε (μm 1σ norm)
US1 requirements(LHC collision/injection Βaseline)
1.5/1.58 1.5/1.25
US1 requirements(LHC collision/injection Alternate)
1.2/1.26 1/0.83
Linac4 + 2 GeV + SPS LLRF upgrade US1(PS Standard scheme – 72 bchs)
1.45 1.37
Linac4 + 2 GeV + full SPS upgrade(PS Standard scheme – 72 bchs)
2.0 1.88
Linac4 + 2 GeV + SPS LLRF upgrade(PS BCMS scheme – 48 bchs)
1.45 0.91
Linac4 + 2 GeV + full SPS upgrade(PS BCMS scheme – 48 bchs)
2.0 1.37
200 MHz Power upgrade necessary to match the requirements of US1 with unchanged longitudinal parameters at LHC injection.
Transverse emittance required increased 1 μm emittances not requested any longer (see O. Brunning talk)
Challenges of the traditional schemes
High intensity injected in PSB:
- every PSB bunch is split 12 times (to get finally 72 bunches at 25 ns spacing, less for BCMS)
- Space-charge issue
- Today limited brilliance due to multiturn injection process
Long waiting time at PS injection:
- Space-charge issue.
- Headtail instability.
Long waiting time at SPS injection:
- Space-charge.
- TMCI instabilities
Many RF systems involved:
- Longitudinal instabilities and limitations to be overcome in all the machines
Beam quality is an issue:
- PS-SPS very sensitive to difference in relative bunch population
- LHC final luminosity very sensitive to degradation of transverse emittance
Basic Principles of US1 Injector upgradeOvercome main limitations of LHC injectors (brief intro summary):
Space charge current limitations
− PSB injection : Increase injection energy in the PSB from 50 to 160 MeVLinac4 (160 MeV H-) to replace Linac2 (50 MeV H+)Prove operation with Laslett larger than |0.36| @ 160 MeV (today |0.7|, required max. |0.5|)
− PS injection: Increase injection energy in the PS from 1.4 to 2 GeVProve operation with Laslett larger than |0.31| @ 2 GeV
− SPS injection if confirm current operational limitProve operation with Laslett larger than |0.21|
Transverse/Longitudinal stability limits
− Transient beam loading and CBI in the PS
− RF limitations in SPS
Electron cloud related issues
− Wideband transverse damper in SPS
− SPS vacuum chamber coating+scraping+wide band damper
Upgrade the PSB , PS and SPS to make them capable to accelerate and manipulate a higher brightness beam (feedbacks, cures against electron clouds, hardware modifications to reduce impedance, improve beam instrumentations…)
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PS intensity limitations
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Acceleration/Bunch splittingsLongitudinal CBITransient beam loadingTransition crossing
Injection flat bottom:Space chargeHeadtail instability
Flat top:Longitudinal CBIElectron cloudTransverse instabilities
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
0.05
0.1
0.15
time [us]
e-c
lou
d s
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a.u
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Av. intensity = 1.33*1011 ppb
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
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4
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time [us]
Pic
k-u
p s
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a.u
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SPS intensity limitations
13S. Gilardoni – HB2012
Injection flat bottom:Capture lossesLongitudinal instabilitySpace chargeTMCI
Along the whole cycle:Longitudinal instabilityElectron cloud
26 GeV
450 GeV
Risk analysis
Y2-N200 Y2-Y200
PSB/PS Beam transfer@2GeV
Commissioning new extraction-injection
Commissioning new extraction-injection
FB PS - headtail Headtail ~ as today Headtail ~ as today
FB PS – SC Confortable Confortable
E-cloud PS Damper if needed Damper if needed
SPS - SC Limit in PS Limit in PS
SPS 200 MHz upgrade @ extraction
1.45e11 2e11
E-cloud in SPS Eventually BCMS should be better
Eventually BCMS should be better
Conclusions
• US1 requirements can be fulfilled if the 200 MHz power upgrade is added to PSB@2GeV
• 200 MHz Power upgrade necessary to match the requirements of US1 with unchanged longitudinal parameters at LHC injection (bunch length in particular)
• “Matching” of maximum Laslett tune shift currently achieved during normal operations with L4 and PSB@2GeV in all injectors
• Possible to produce a large range of emittances, down to 1 mum if needed