Draft Environment

7/29/2019 Draft Environment

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By DefinitionRaising ConsciousnessDeforestation - Man's SinDeforestation for ProfitReversing Deforestation

WHY DOES DEFORESTATION HAPPEN?

The Global Man Made PhenomenonThe Global Man Made Phenomenon

Forests are being stripped at an alarming rate since the 1900's, and both men andgovernment made no aggressive moves to save the planet from total annihilation.

Perhaps the reason why men can't simply take their hands off of nature is because ofthe need to live. Likewise, the government can see no further ways to stop the issuessince it has been at a steadily increasing rate.

The first good reason why our lands are being wiped off with all the naturals isbecause of its values. The more viable products they see in nature, the more menbecome eager to penetrate the wild. Wherever there is money involved, there willalways be humans hovering above it. Above all, forest depletion is for menconsumption. Although it's a terrible truth, people are all aware of it; but some wouldonly let it pass their eyes for the sole purpose of profiting.

Apart from food, other resources can also be derived from nature. Among the most

popular ones are the benefits which we get from trees such as paper, napkins, woodfor home use, timber for constructing buildings and crafting furniture; and lastly; forheating purposes. With the wide use of lumber, it would be sure to have an impact oneconomic growth but with a death in forest values. The trend has become quitesurprising because of the ongoing rise of the rates that reflect man's likelihood ofparasitizing and demolishing nature.

Why Does Deforestation Result To Devastation

Why Does Deforestation Result in Devastation?There are some experts who believe that deforestation is not evil in all ways. It hassome good outcomes with nature too, but the matter of controlling and discipliningoneslef becomes the biggest question. Take note, we are not only talking about thedepletion of ecological life, but with the extinction of human life too.

Areas which are emptied of the green life, especially in tropical rainforests, can bevery receptive to deforestation. Tropical rainforests consist of only a delicate layer oftopsoil that is effortlessly worn away if there is no undergrowth grasping it in place.

The wildlife that is adapted to live in the jungle typically cannot continue to exist outin the open. Forests also act as the heat absorber of the planet, and it serves as the


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biggest recipients of carbon dioxide in the air. The rich green lands entrap moistureand augment clamminess; thereby creating a reserve for animal use. Without theplant life protecting moisture from seeping out into thin air, the animals can becomeendangered as well.

So why does deforestation happen? Perhaps, the answer to that is ourselves. We cannever point fingers on anyone since we all contribute to the earth's likely demise.From the small things that we do and from the biggest threats like majorcorporations, everyone realistically participates in the gradual killing of the earth.

RAINFOREST DEFORESTATION

Rainforests: An Essence to the WorldHow to preserve the remaining Rainforests

AMAZON RAINFOREST DEFORESTATION

The Roots of Deforestation in the AmazonThe Outcome of Deforestation in the Amazon

Deforestation in India

Deforestation is a serious issue that most nations face today. India

is definitely in the list. Deforestation is primarily due to urbanization.Most nations that are presently under the scanner for deforestation hadimmense forest stretch. The need for settlements and development hastriggered such a scenario.

India is emerging as a developing nation but sadly the country toofaces immense issue of deforestation. Nearly 22.8 percent of forestedarea is slowly decreasing. These forests are the habitat for mostendangered species and animals. There are over 2,300 speciesincluding reptiles, birds and mammals.

India like most other forested regions had thick dense forestsfollowed by rivers like Yamuna and Ganges. The Indus valley civilizationhad eventually led the way for deforestation. Civilizations in and aroundthe rivers led to land reformation. India got its independence in the year1947 and agriculture no longer remained to be the prime occupation.New developments led to new occupations and industrialization needed


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to be expanded. The new policies often dragged people from theseforest lands and deprived them of their sources to survive. The need ofgrowing consumerism has given rise to destruction of forests. The majordeforestation took place at Andaman Islands, Uttar Kannada andChandrapur district.

The timber industry was the main reason for deforestation inAndaman Islands. Besides the timber industry, the British had alreadyset up settlements on these islands. And with ever growing population,the mills kept expanding. Sometimes the Forest Corporationdepartments often take these things lightly and themselves violate therules. Due to paper industry, power projects, plywood mills and miningthe forests have already started depleting in most areas. Certainorganizations have now started to oppose the cutting down of rainforestas eventually, the need for forests has been realized.

India's rising population expansion has positioned the country in great environmental

strains. The swiftly developing populace, along with the move in the direction of

urbanization and industrialization, has sited a considerable demand on India's

infrastructure and its biological reserves.

Deforestation in India, together with all its other environmental effects, continues to

go downhill and is encumbering trade and industry development in all of India.

However, its booming and exploding metropolises are the ones causing their

presently detrimental problems.

It is a good thing to know that a single country can be able to stop deforestation even

in a gradual progress. However, the other tribulations that India is now facing should

also be dealt with in a similar manner. They may have erased their deforestation

problems, but other troubles concerning the environment came to take its place. With

due hope, all the world is watching over India and its capabilities to fully eliminate

their problems that cause disturbance of the balance in nature.

A Quick Look Into The History Of Indian Forest Depletion

The turn of the 19th century marked the start of deforestation in India. In the year1823, the elect governor of India named Thomas Munro believed that the

industrialization process could take heights in the world economy. Having assumed

in such matter, he opened forestry programs which then truly created a world of

promising economy. However, this was also the start of nature's fall in India. The

long logging problems of over 4 years covered the entire nation; and its forests, like

other jungles in the world, was buffeted by a sudden impact of stress.


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It was only through the Act of 1878 that the Indian forests began to be protected by

the government. For 50 years, the Indian forested lands truly suffered and at the

same time prospered from an economy that is not theirs.

Today, vast environmental projects have been and are being practiced in India. The

systems include tree planting, preservation of the non-damaged part of their nature,and penalties for the ones going above the prohibitions set. Incentives were also

given to the minorities who learned how to adhere to the government's policies

regarding nature safeguarding. Truly, India has one of the most remarkable ways of

saving the world from extermination.

Why Deforestation In India Took Place

Unknown to many, the Indian nation accounts for the biggest number of the

underprivileged in the entire world, many of whom rely completely or implicitly on

green areas for a living. Poverty, as well as the huge and escalating humanpopulation, places indefatigable pressure on the forested parts of India. The end

result is serious dilapidation of the countrys woodland resources.

The administration has made an effort to slow down losses to its jungles and enlarge

tree shelter through a sequence of plans with backing from the World Bank. It has

the largest participating funds that direct to the solutions of their deforestation

problems.

The effective implementation of India's rules and regulations for the forests brought

about a good change in their previously dilapidated jungles. Through the help of the

Worldwide Bank and the sectors of environmentalists protecting the Earth, the Indian

nation gave way to the possibilities that deforestation problems could really be fixed.

The deforestation in India shows the rest of the world that a switch to ecological

friendly decisions can help alleviate the world's present condition. If only the rest of

the countries allow such kind of help from the experts, then our deforestation

problems could possibly be offset in no time.

Determination and eagerness to participate are two of the most crucial values the

world must possess in order to preserve the remaining capabilities of our nature.

A Quick Look into the History of Indian Forest DepletionWhy Deforestation in India Took Place


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Causes of deforestation

The top 5 include logging (both legal and illegal), industrialization, agriculture, oilexploitation and human disasters.Direct causes of deforestation: The most important direct causes of deforestation

include logging, the conversion of forested lands for agriculture and cattle-raising, miningand oil exploitation, industrial shrimp farming, acid rain and fire.

Underlying causes: major international economic phenomena, deep-rooted socialstructures, political factors, Overconsumption by consumers in high-income countries

Problems Of Deforestation

Deforestation Problems in Different LandmarksProblem Prevention

Deforestation Statistics

The natural world is the home of 50-90% of all kinds of flora and fauna.Each year between 11 and 15 million hectares of tropical forest are lost.Ten countries with the largest net forest loss per year between 2000 and 2005 are Brazil,Indonesia, Sudan, Myanmar, Zambia, United Republic of Tanzania, Nigeria, DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Zimbabwe and Venezuela.Ten countries with the largest net forest gain per year between 2000 and 2005 China,Spain, Viet Nam, United States of America, Italy, Chile, Cuba, Bulgaria, France andPortugal.

Deforestation Statistics

The government of China claims that at least 1 billion trees have been planted in Chinaevery year since 1982.Around 10 million people are employed in forest management and conservation.Studies show that 25% of the human medicines are derived form nature.Each year about 13 million hectares of the world's forests are lost due to deforestation.50,000 square kilometers of closed tropical forest are logged annually. Loggers take onlybetween 4 and 10 percent of trees, but leave up to one third of the land surface bare andopen to erosion.

Effects Of DeforestationThere are a number of adverse effects of deforestation, that include environmental andeconomical. Some of these deforestation effects are discussed below:

Erosion of SoilWhen forest areas are cleared, it results in exposing the soil to the sun, making it very dry andeventually, infertile, due to volatile nutrients such as nitrogen being lost. In addition, whenthere is rainfall, it washes away the rest of the nutrients, which flow with the rainwater intowaterways. Because of this, merely replanting trees may not help in solving the problemscaused by deforestation, for by the time the trees mature, the soil will be totally devoid of


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essential nutrients. Ultimately, cultivation in this land will also become impossible, resulting inthe land becoming useless. Large tracts of land will be rendered permanently impoverisheddue to soil erosion.

Disruption of the Water CycleTrees contribute in a large way in maintaining the water cycle. They draw up water via theirroots, which is then released into the atmosphere. A large part of the water that circulates in

the ecosystem of rainforests, for instance, remains inside the plants. When these trees are cutdown it results in the climate getting drier in that area. The groundwater tables are affectedand soon get depleted. The trees help in prevention of running off of water and help the soilabsorb the flowing water. When there are no trees, water just runs off, leaving no chance forthe groundwater tables to absorb more water. Thus, ultimately leading to reduction in waterresources.

Loss of BiodiversityThe unique biodiversity of various geographical areas is being lost on a scale that is quite

unprecedented. Even though tropical rainforest make up just 6 percent of the surface area ofthe Earth, about 80-90 percent of the entire species of the world exist here. Due to massivedeforestation, about 50 to 100 species of animals are being lost each day. The outcome ofwhich is the extinction of animals and plants on a massive scale. The deforestation effects onanimals is very heartbreaking. They not only lose their habitat and protective cover, they are

pushed to extinction. Many beautiful creatures, both plants and animals have vanished fromthe face of the earth.

Flooding and DroughtOne of the vital functions of forests is to absorb and store great amounts of water quicklywhen there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water isdisrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area.Thus, leading to disruption of human settlements and loss of life in thousands.

Climate ChangeIt is well-known that global warming is being caused largely due to emissions of greenhousegases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite as well isthat deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into theatmosphere. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide

from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins thatmake up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed torot, which results in releasing the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This, inturn, leads to greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

These are just a few of the causes and effects of deforestation. The consequences ofdeforestation are very unpleasant as every form of life on earth is interlinked with oneanother. Not only do animals lose their homes, but humans dependent on the local ecologyare also affected. The water cycle gets disturbed leading to floods and droughts. Peopledependent on the forests for their survival lose their livelihood. Global warming is anotherproblem looming over our heads. Deforestation causes and its effects can be stopped to someextent, if we all do our bit towards the environment. Reduce emissions by avoiding use of carsand bikes indiscriminately. Make our factories more cleaner and monitor their emissions.Develop better ways of farming that help increase the yield without having an impact on the

neighboring forest areas. Forest management and strict monitoring of deforestation should becarried out by various government and other nonprofit agencies. Reforestation of lost areasand following sustainable practices will help us balance our green cover. Remember, trees give

us life, without them it will be impossible to sustain life.

On EnvironmentOn SocietyOn Climate


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Can deforestation be stopped?

Solutions to Deforestation

The False Solutions At HandThe Sustainable Commercial Logging OptionsStrict protective measuresThe Sensible Solutions toward Deforestation EradicationNon-timber values

Deforestation Facts

Some activities threaten the way of life of the indigenous peoples .

Nature strikes back in a variety of ways.The Truth of how our Forests DisappearMankind's Drive to save Nature

Movements

Chipko Movement

World Wide Fund for NatureReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest DegradationCommunity Forestry InternationalCool EarthCopenhagen climate summitProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest CertificationAmazon Rainforest Fund

Some of the other Movements

Earth Repair FoundationIndiana Forest AlliancesNational Community Forestry CenterWorld Watch Institute

Introduction : Defining the Environmental Problem


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Reasons of DeforestationPopulation Growth

ClimateAgriculture

Logging

FuelBurning and Grazing

Policy Implications and Forest ManagementTurkey Case

Conclusion

Emphasize deforestation as a

global environmental problem.

Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use

such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally,

the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted ina degraded environment with reduced biodiversity

Results from removal of trees without sufficient reforestation, and results in

declines in habitat and biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial use, and

quality of life

Causes of DeforestationPopulation GrowthIt is clear now that the role of population factors in deforestation varies considerablyfrom one setting to another depending on the local patterns of human occupancy and

economic activity.

Population (especially rapidly increasing or dense population) can increase demands forland and wood, eventually exceeding the carrying capacity of forests that are expected to

supply wood fuels , food, and environmental protection for local people.

ClimateForest disappear naturally as a result of broad climate changes or catastrophes such as

fire and landslides.

AgricultureGrowing populations need expanding food supplies, so forests are cleared by shifting

cultivators for annual or permanent crops. Rates of clearing are likely to be higher incountries where little or no progress has been made in agricultural productivity or where

land productivity falls rapidly after the natural forest cover is removed.

Logging


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Commercial logging operations deplete forest stocks. Regulated timber extraction should not permanently damage the

forest, but when it is not controlled, mechanized logging or even selective timber harvesting may severely alter thecharacter of the forest

FuelForests in developing countries provide wood fuels for local populations. Fuelwood and charcoal are widely used fordomestic cooking and heating.

Burning and GrazingDeforestation may occur in ways other than outright clearing or wood removal. The practice of annual burning inmany areas prevents forest regrowth , and grazing by sheep, goats and cattle has much the same effect.

Deforestation is one of the major environmental problems that the world is

facing.

The Pros And Cons of Deforestation

ros Cons

on emission of carbon dioxide.It introduces numerous community

environmental harms.

ast part of the forest is left unused. A global change in climate

ome parts of the forest can also berned into great infrastructures.

Deaths or extinction of many more

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