The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats Jenna Bruesehoff & Rhiannon Davis.
Dr. William J Davis, Jr. Dr. William J Davis, Jr.USACGSC JCOL.
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Transcript of Dr. William J Davis, Jr. Dr. William J Davis, Jr.USACGSC JCOL.
Dr. William J Davis, Jr.USACGSC
JCOL
• Introduction
• Organizational Structure for Joint Planning
• Joint Strategic Planning Systems
• Contingency Planning
• Crisis Planning
Joint Course on Logistics
Course Objective
The objective is to give an overview of the joint operation planning process
for both contingency and crisis action planning.
Vocabulary
Strategic Concept
CAP
UIC
UTC
TPFDD
LAD
TUCHAM-dayJSCP
JOPES
JPEC
JFAST
PPBE
C-day
QDR
What is JOPES?Develop and Execute War Plans
Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) is a combination of joint policies andprocedures, supported by IT, designed toprovide joint commanders and planners with a capability to plan and conduct jointmilitary operations.
JOPES VOLs
CJCSM 3122.02C
22 March 2004
JOPESVOLUME III
(CRISIS ACTION TIME PHASED FORCE AND DEPLOYMENT DATA DEVELOPMENT AND
DEPLOYMENT EXECUTION)
JOINT OPERATION PLANNING AND EXECUTION SYSTEM
(JOPES) VOLUME I
CJCSM 3122.01A
29 Sep 2006
(PLANNING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES)
JOPESVOLUME II
CJCSM 3122.03B
28 February 2006
PLANNING FORMATS
Three Volumes of JOPES
PlanDevelopment
Plan Assessment
No Plan
Contingency Planning
JSCP
Strategic Guidance
ConceptDevelopment
OPORD
ExecutionPlanningSituational Awareness
Crisis
Crisis Action Planning
Campaign Plan OPORDs
OPLANCONPLANs
SCP
Commander’sStrategicConcept
JOPESJoint Operation Planning and Execution System
Joint Planning Goal
The primary goal of planning is not the development of elaborate plans that inevitably must be changed; a more
enduring goal is the development of planners who can cope with the inevitable change.
How successful have we been at accomplishing this?
JFSC / JCWS06 Feb 2006
JFSC / JCWS06 Feb 2006
Op Art / Op Design
• Must use Op Art and Op Design throughout the planning process– Op Art
• Application of creative imagination to design strategies, campaigns and operations
– Elements of Op Design • Now includes end state, objectives, effects, and lines of operation
– Systems Approach• Addition to traditional JIPB
– Phasing• Element of “Arranging Ops”
• Although JOPP provides a logical process to frame the planning effort, it is only the creative minds of the commander and staff that will make the plan successful
JFSC / JCWS06 Feb 2006
Relationship of Shaping Ops
Seize Initia
tive Dominate
Stab
ilize
Shape
De
ter
Authorit
y
Enable Civ
il
Operation Plan
Phases
RELATIONSHIP OF GLOBAL AND THEATER SHAPINGAND OPERATION PLAN PHASES
GlobalShaping
TheaterShaping
HA/DR Phasing
Phases May Overlap
Immediate Response
First 72 hours
Continuous SA & preparedness
TSC activities to enhance PN disaster preparedness and response capabilities
Immediate lifesaving when:
• directed by SECDEF, or
• directed by CDR for immediate lifesaving with forces in place (72 hr limit)
• Assess affected areas for relief ops
Support OFDA to:
• Mitigate near-term human suffering
• Provide water, food, shelter, sanitation, medicine, etc.
• Assess affected areas for restoration ops
Support OFDA to:
• Restore key infrastructure (roads, power, communications, etc.)
• Set conditions for transition to civil authorities
If no legitimate, functioning civil gov’t, perform limited local governance
Provide basic services to people
Set conditions for transition to civil authorities
Support civil gov’t
Civil authorities assume responsibilities (with assistance as req’d from OFDA, NGOs, IOs, etc.)
Military forces redeploy
Phase 0 activities resume
Preparation Initial ResponseRelief Stabilization
Phase 0 Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV
(Shape) (Dominate) (Stabilize) (Enable Civil Auth)
Phase V
Restoration (DoD Support
TBD)(Seize Initiative)(Deter)
Cur
rent
Si
tuat
ion
Recovery
Disaster
• Introduction
• Organizational Structure for Joint Planning
• Joint Strategic Planning Systems
• Contingency Planning
• Crisis Action Planning
Joint Course on Logistics
Elements of the Department of Defense
Office of the Secretary of Defense
DEFENSE AGENCIES
JOINTSTAFF
DOD FIELD ACTIVITIES
COMBATANT COMMANDS* * * *
MILITARYDEPARTMENTS
JOINTCHIEFS
OFSTAFF
MILITARYSERVICES
Standard Military Org Chart
VicePresident
NSCAdvisors
Operational Responsibilities Support Responsibilities
Combatant Command
Directive Authority
DAFDONDA
NSC
SecretaryOf State
SpecifiedCommand
Unified Command
CommanderFunctionalComponentCommand
CommanderJointTaskForce
CommanderSub-
UnifiedCommand
CommanderService
ComponentCommand
Operations Planning
Strategic Direction
Military Advice
Organize Train
Equip Maintain
Assign Support
SecretaryARMY
CSA
USA
SecretaryAir Force
CSAF
USAF
CMC
USMC
CNO
USN
SecretaryNAVY
JCSVice
Chairman
Joint Staff
Organization ForNational Security
President VicePresident
Secretary of Energy
National Security Advisor
ChairmanJCS
SecretaryOf Defense
X
• Introduction
• Organizational Structure for Joint Planning
• Joint Strategic Planning Systems
• Contingency Planning
• Crisis Action Planning
Joint Course on Logistics
JSPS
JSPS
JSPS
StrategicDirection
ProgrammingAdvice
StrategicAssessment
StrategicPlans
JSPS and Related Systems
JSPS
SMEAC1. Situation2. Mission3. Execution4. Admin5. C2
The Gouge
JSPS
JSPS
JSPS
NSSNSS
IPLIPL
POMsPOMs JFRR
SROC CRSJCCACRS
JCCAJTSJTS
StrategicDirection
ProgrammingAdvice
StrategicAssessment
StrategicPlansPPBE
JPGJPG
CPRCPR
CPACPAFCB
JROC
NDSNDS
NMSNMS
JSPS and Related Systems
JSPS
QDR
CRA
JSR
GEFGEF
JSCPJSCP
JOPES/APEX
JOPES/APEX PLANs PLANs
Guidance to Combatant Commanders
• Joint Pub 1• Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the
United States• UCP
• Unified Command Plan (FOUO)• Combatant Commander Command
Relationships
Over 4 million parts…each one
built by the lowest bidder…BEST VALUE
• Introduction
• Organizational Structure for Joint Planning
• Joint Strategic Planning Systems
• Contingency Planning
• Crisis Action Planning
Joint Course on Logistics
StrategyStrategy
ResourcesResources
NSS
NMS
QDR
JSR
CPR
CPA
JSCP
FCB
NDS
JFRR
JROC
GEF
JPG
Contingency Plans
CRA
Secretary of Defense Initiatives
• Realign five (5) Phases of Deliberate Planning into four (4) Functions of Contingency Planning
• Redefined six (6) Phases of Crisis Action Planning into three (3) Functions.
PlanDevelopment
Plan Assessment
No Plan
Contingency Planning
JSCP
Strategic Guidance
ConceptDevelopment
OPORD
ExecutionPlanningSituational Awareness
Crisis
Crisis Action Planning
Campaign Plan OPORDs
OPLANCONPLANs
SCP
Commander’sStrategicConcept
JOPESJoint Operation Planning and Execution System
GEF Purpose – Consolidate GuidanceConsolidating five separate documents forces holistic
thinking about previously stove-piped planning
ContingencyPlanning Guidance
SecurityCooperation
Guidance
NuclearWeaponsPlanningGuidance
GlobalPosture Guidance
GlobalForce Mgmt
Guidance
Joint Strategic Capabilities
Plan
Guidance forEmployment of the Force
Built together by Task Force
Global Force Management
• Force Apportionment Guidance for Contingency Planning (GFM Implementation Guidance: GFMIG)– 3 Bins
• Force Allocation Guidance [to the Global Force Management Board (GFMB)] for operations and shaping activities– 5 Tiers of Priorities
New Apportionment Construct
HDNORTHCOM/
ELEMNORAD/PACOM
Campaign 1
Campaign 2
XXXXXXXX
Homeland Defense - HD
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Plans Force Bins
Current Operations
Homeland Defense - HD
Force Bins
HD NORTHCOM / PACOM
USELEMNORAD/SOUTHCOM
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Plans
Forces not available for
planning
Forces available for planning
JSCP 06 JSCP 08
• Proposed construct accounts for employed forces• Establishes a more realistic start point for planning• Not intended to be the equivalent of contingency sourcing• Improves CCDR’s ability to assess military risk to execute a plan
NDS required the ability to conduct 2
overlapping campaigns
31
Design Element:“Arranging Operations – Phasing”
JP 5-0, p. IV-34 (26 Dec 2006)
Campaign(s)
SubordinateCampaign
Plans
ContingencyPlans XXX YYY ZZZ
XXX
Theater Campaign Plan
YYY ZZZ
#### ####
DOD Global Campaign Plan
DOD Global Campaign Plan
DOD Global Campaign Plan
Relationship of Planning Efforts
Contingency plans to subordinate campaign plans are not stand alone plans, but are branches to the subordinate campaign plans.
Indicates a supporting campaign plan synchronized with a Global Campaign PlanIndicates campaign or contingency plans nested under a Theater Campaign Plan
The Never-ending Theater Campaign Plan (TCP)
Contingency as a branch plan from the TCP
TCP (security cooperation/Phase
0)
The end-state that
doesn’t end (NSS objectives and interests)
Once the contingency is over, the end state is back to day-to-day military activities (phase 0, which is the theater campaign plan)
Security Cooperation/Shaping ActivitiesThe COCOM campaign plan is the mechanism for organizing, integrating
and prioritizing security cooperation activities
Security Cooperation Activities/Tools
Global End State(s)
COCOM Regional or Functional End State(s)Critical Partnerships
Key Supporting Partnerships
Countries of Concern
Global Core
Partners
Nationaland
MultinationalInfluence
Security Cooperation Focus AreasDefense
Exports and International Collaboration
Security Sector
Reform
Intelligence and
Information Sharing
Inter-operability
Operational Capacity
and Capability
Operational Access and
Global Freedom of
Action
Assurance and Regional
Confidence Building
There is no better diplomat than a naval aviator on liberty!!
Campaign Planning Efforts
Regional Campaigns
1.USAFRICOM
2.USCENTCOM
3.USEUCOM
4.USNORTHCOM
5.USPACOM
6.USSOUTHCOM
Global/Functional Campaigns
1.Global War on Terror
2.Homeland Defense
3.Defense Support of Civil Authorities
4.Global Pandemic Influenza
5.Combating WMD
6.Strategic Deterrence & Global Strike
7.Cyberspace
8.Space
JOPES Functions
ThreatIdentification
& Assessment
StrategyDetermination
COADevelopment
DetailedPlanning Implementation
IIIPlan
Development
IIConcept
Development
IStrategic Guidance
IV Plan Assessment
Execute Order
AlertOrder
Warning Order
Planning Order
JSPS
JSCP
ContingencyPlanning
Execution
Crisis ActionPlanning
PlanningSituation Awareness
JOPES Functions and Joint Planning
IPR FIPR C
IPR A
IPR R
Strategic Guidance
Concept Development
Plan Development
Initiation
JFSC / JCWS06 Feb 2006
JOPP Generic
• Receive and analyze required tasks.• Review and refine adversary situation • Develop and compare alternative courses of action.• Select the best course of action.• Submit and gain concept approval.• Prepare a plan based on approved concept.• Complete the planning document.
JFSC / JCWS06 Feb 2006
• CJCSM 3122 (JOPES) specifies JPEC– Milestones, deliverables and interaction points– Differences between Contingency and CAP
• Contingency Initiation– CPG / SGS / JSCP– Commander’s Guidance– Formation of planning team (JPG, OPG, etc)
• CAP Initiation– Warning Ord / Planning Ord / Alert Ord
JOPP Step 1: Initiation
MISSION ANALYSIS
MissionAnalysis
Initial StaffEstimates
Higher HQ Planning Directive
Mission Statement
JFC’s Initial Intent
Statement
JFC’s Initial Planning Guidance
CDR’s Critical Information
Requirements
Key Inputs Key Outputs
JOPP Step 2 (FC Draft JP 5-0 Jan ’06)
42
JTF Commander's OrientationPACOM Commander's Intent• Purpose: Provide immediate life sustaining support to the GOB, reduce further loss
of life, mitigate human suffering.
• Key Tasks: • Designate COMMARFORPAC as CDR-JTF
• Preposition Relief Supplies and Equipment in anticipation of support request.
• BPT to conduct operations as part of a multi-national relief effort or in support of a third country
• BPT establish a joint logistics hub in the vicinity of Burma
• Conduct FHA in support of OFDA
• Transition FHA functions to other agencies as soon as practical
• Redeploy/Reposition forces upon completion of the mission or as directed.
• Endstate: Demand for Emergency Relief decreased to the point where GOB and the humanitarian community can meet relief requirements and begin recovery operations without U.S. Military Assistance. Human suffering is alleviated. U.S. Forces are safely redeployed.
43
JTF Specified Tasks (1/3)(1) BPT PROVIDE DISASTER RELIEF SUPPORT IN COORDINATION WITH
USAID/OFDA.
(2) PROVIDE JTF-CDR'S ESTIMATE WITH COURSES OF ACTION AND RECOMMENDED COURSE OF ACTION TO USPACOM J3 NLT 071300ZMAY08.
(3) DEVELOP SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AND CONDUCT ASSESSMENTS IN SUPPORT OF FHA RELIEF OPERATIONS TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE.
(4) BPT PROVIDE MOBILITY ASSETS IN SUPPORT OF RELIEF EFFORTS AS REQUIRED.
(5) BPT DELIVER FOOD, WATER, EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT, MEDICINE AND OTHER RELIEF SUPPLIES AS REQUIRED.
(6) BPT PROVIDE LIMITED TRANSPORTATION OF DISPLACED PERSONS TO DESIGNATED AREAS FROM LOCATIONS INACCESSIBLE TO HN TRANSPORTATION ASSETS.
44
JTF Implied Tasks (1/1)
(1) Establish FCE in Rangoon
(2) Establish HN / JTF coordination element in Rangoon
(3) Establish LNOs with MPAT for coordination/deconfliction with International Aid agencies.
(4) BPT Establish FOB or FARPs in Thailand/Burma as required.
(5) Establish Air C2 concept to deconflict JTF tactical and operational air with HN and Non-DOD aviation
(6) Seek clearance to fly non-DOD personnel and supplies
45
Assumptions (1/2)• SECDEF WILL DIRECT USPACOM TO ASSIST WITH DISASTER
RELIEF IN BURMA.• USPACOM FORCES WILL EXECUTE OPERATIONS AS A PART OF A
MULTI-NATIONAL RELIEF EFFORT OR IN SUPPORT OF THE EFFORTS OF A THIRD COUNTRY.
• BURMA WILL REQUEST U.S. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.• BURMA WILL PROVIDE FORCE PROTECTION FOR US FORCES IF
ALLOWED IN THE COUNTRY.• GOB WILL DIRECT OVERALL RELIEF EFFORT.• GROUND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK IN THE AFFECTED AREAS
OF BURMA IS SERIOUSLY DEGRADED OR UNUSABLE.
Proposed Mission Statement
• CDRUSSOUTHCOM conducts PHASE II (RELIEF) ISO the USAMB/Country Team in coordination with MINUSTAH/ NGOs/OGA/USAID IOT mitigate near term human suffering and accelerate recovery in Haiti. BPT transition to PHASE III (RESTORATION).
47
Proposed JTF Mission
O/O, JTF conducts Humanitarian Assistance (HA) and Disaster Relief (DR) Operations IVO Central Burma to support International relief efforts IOT reduce further loss of life and mitigate human suffering.
COURSE OF ACTION DEVELOPMENT
Course of ActionDevelopment
Initial StaffEstimates
Mission & Tasks
Viable COAs & Sketches
Revised Staff Estimates
Tentative Task
Organization
Key Inputs Key Outputs
JFC’sPlanning Guidance
JOPP Step 3
49
Deploy HMM-262 det/ HMM-265 CH-53 det/ HM-14 det to Utaphao
Deploy HMM-265 aboard 31st MEU/ ESX ARG in MODLOC vic Gulf of Martaban
Establish FOB in Mae Sot, TH
Establish FARP at Rangoon Intl, MY
OPS and LOG nodes
JTF HQ/1st MAW Khorat, TH
3rd MEB proposed FARP Rangoon
Mae Sot FOB
Intermediate Logistics Staging Base
Main relief aid distribution point
Rapidly establish initial relief capability
Build to maximum capacity as
resources and authorities allow.
Conduct assessments
Deploy FCE to Burma
Project aid relief fwd from Utaphao via KC/C-130s and Mai Sot to Rangoon when authorized
COA Balanced Response
LOGOPS
MFP
FOB
FOBFRDP
3 MEB
1
1
2
2
3
3 4
4
11
2
2
3
3
44
5
5
C2 LinksFRDP Forward Refuel/Distribution Pt
COURSE OF ACTION ANALYSIS
Course of ActionAnalysis
Viable COAs & Sketches
Mission & Tasks
Risk Assessment
Advantages & Disadvantages
Potential Branches &
Sequels
Key Inputs Key Outputs
Revised Staff Estimates
Tentative Task
OrganizationTask
Organization Adjustments
Potential Decision Points
JOPP Step 4
COURSE OF ACTION COMPARISON
Course of ActionComparison
Advantages &Disadvantages
Wargaming Results
Evaluated COAs
Recommended COA
Key Inputs Key Outputs
Revised Staff Estimates
JOPP Step 5
COURSE OF ACTION SELECTION
Course of ActionSelection
StaffRecommendations
JFC’sPersonal Analysis
(Experience & Judgment)
COA Modifications
JFC’s COA Selection
Key Inputs Key Outputs
CDR’s Estimate(if required)
JOPP Step 2
17
Plan Development Activities
• Concept of Operations (CONOPS) Development and Approval
• Force Planning
• Support Planning
• Nuclear Planning
• Transportation Planning
• Time- Phased Force and Deployment Data Development
• Shortfall I dentification
• Documentation
• Plan Review and Approval
• Supporting Plan Development
JOPPStep 7
STEP 10 PLAN REVIEW
PURPOSE:To identify all forces needed to accomplish the Concept of Operations. Build the force list.
STEP 8 TPFDD REFINEMENT
STEP 7 TRANSPORTATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
STEP 6 SHORTFALL IDENTIFICATION
STEP 5 NEO
STEP 4TRANSPORTATION
STEP 3 CHEMICAL NUCLEAR
STEP 2 SUPPORT
STEP 1 FORCE
JOPESVOLUME II
CJCSM 3122.03B
28 February 2006
PLANNING FORMATS
Plan Development
STEP 9 DOCUMENTATION
Home MobilizationStation Origin Port of
Embarkation
IntermediateLocation
StrategicStaging
Port ofDebarkation
ORIGRLD
POEALD
ILOC
Employment
POD DEST
EAD LADEarliest, Latest
Arrival Date
RDD/CRDCombatant
Commander’sRequired Date
RequiredDelivery
Date
PREPO
term:date:
The Movement of Forces
Reception Staging OnwardMovement
Integration
I knew I should have stayed awake during the JPOC when Sledge talked about TPFDDs!!
C-day(L-hour)(N-day)
Deployment Operation Begins(specific hour deployment begins)
(Day unit notified, e.g., AMC mission support)
D-day(H-hour)
Military Operation Begins(specific hour operation begins)
M-day(F-hour)
Force Mobilization Begins(SECDEF announcement to mobilize
reserve forces)
EMPLOYMENT
THEATERDEPLOYMENT
STRATEGICDEPLOYMENT
NATIONALMOBILIZATION
POD
POE
ORIG
A F S C04-25-95
JP666c 5D#3-g
Reference Times for Planning
PURPOSE:Identify the quantities of supplies, equipment and replacement personnel to sustain the force.
Plan DevelopmentJOPES
VOLUME II
CJCSM 3122.03B
28 February 2006
PLANNING FORMATS
STEP 10 PLAN REVIEW
STEP 8 TPFDD REFINEMENT
STEP 7 TRANSPORTATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
STEP 6 SHORTFALL IDENTIFICATION
STEP 5 NEO
STEP 4TRANSPORTATION
STEP 3 CHEMICAL NUCLEAR
STEP 1 FORCE
STEP 2 SUPPORT
STEP 9 DOCUMENTATION
Support PlanningUnit-RelatedUnit-Related
TUCHA
Additionalaccompanying
suppliesPWRS
Sustainingsupplies
Resupply
Supply BuildupSupply Buildup
Non-Unit-RelatedNon-Unit-Related
LADLAD +5+5 +10+10 +30+30 +60+60
CESPCESP
Additional considerations
MedicalMedical
EPWEPW CivilAffairsCivil
AffairsSpecialMaterials
Must be addedseparately
Pipelineopens
A F S C08-09-95
JP160c D#5-g
Plan Development
PURPOSE:Solve the complex strategic movement by simulating the movement of forces, planning for NEO requirements, and support to identify shortfalls and analyze alternatives.
JOPESVOLUME II
CJCSM 3122.03B
28 February 2006
PLANNING FORMATS
STEP 9 DOCUMENTATION
STEP 8 TPFDD REFINEMENT
STEP 7 TRANSPORTATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
STEP 6 SHORTFALL IDENTIFICATION
STEP 5 NEO
STEP 4 TRANSPORTATION
STEP 10 PLAN REVIEW
STEP 3 CHEMICAL NUCLEAR
STEP 1 FORCE
STEP 2 SUPPORT
Identifythe TotalTransportationRequirements...
Describe TheminLogisticalTerms...
SimulatetheStrategicMove...
ShortTonsShortTons
SquareFeet
SquareFeet
CubicFeet
CubicFeet
PassengersPassengers
MovementCriteria
MovementCriteria
UsingCommon-User
Lift
A F S C04-07-95
JP675C 7D# g
The Strategic Transportation Challenge
Time?3-4 Weeks (ship)
vs.2-3 Days (aircraft)
Time?3-4 Weeks (ship)
vs.2-3 Days (aircraft)
Co
st
Mobility Tradeoffs –Goal: Optimize Capability
Constrained Resources… Premium on Right Asset, Right Mission!
D-50 D-10 RDDD-60 D-30D-40 D-20
But We Typically Operate Here!
We Want to Be Here…
ConcreteAir:$129M Sea:$5.5M
ConcreteAir:$129M Sea:$5.5M
BombsAir:$235M Sea:$10.7M
BombsAir:$235M Sea:$10.7M
HDRAir:$17.6M Sea:$360K
HDRAir:$17.6M Sea:$360K
Time
Worldwide Pre-positioned Assets
Diego Garcia USMC USN USA USAF
Guam/Saipan USMC USN USA USAF
Guam USAF
Japan USN USAF
South Korea USN USA USAF
Oman USAF
QatarUSAF
Bahrain USN USAF
Kuwait USA USAF
Norway USMC USN USAF
Luxembourg USAF Germany
USAFItalyUSA
Mediterranean USMC USN USAF
AshoreAfloat
Shortfall Resolution• Refine priorities• Adjust origin to POE to POD routing and
timing• Change lift modes• Link forces to pre-positioned resources• Enhance preparedness with base development• Seek additional assets• Conclude contractual agreements or inter-
Service support agreements• Arrange for HNS where feasible• Employ combination of above• Redefine concept of operations
Plan Review Group
• Combatant Commands• Services • National Guard Bureau• Joint Staff directorate• Defense agencies
• Introduction
• Organizational Structure for Joint Planning
• Joint Strategic Planning Systems
• Contingency Planning
• Crisis Action Planning
Joint Course on Logistics
A F S C07-07-95
IP255 5D23-g
What is a crisis?
I hope my SATs are high enough for the Naval Academy
They have to take me…my Dad’s an admiral!!
“An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its territories, citizens, military
forces, possessions, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such
diplomatic, economic, political, or military importance that commitment of U.S. military
forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives.”
JP 1-02
What is a crisis?
CJCSJCS
Jt Staff
CJCSJCS
Jt Staff
Central Command Joint Forces CommandEuropean Command Special Operations CommandNorthern Command Strategic CommandPacific Command Transportation CommandSouthern Command
Central Command Joint Forces CommandEuropean Command Special Operations CommandNorthern Command Strategic CommandPacific Command Transportation CommandSouthern Command
Combatant CommandsCombatant Commands
GovernmentAgencies
GovernmentAgencies
White HouseSituation Room
White HouseSituation Room State / Energy
DepartmentState / Energy
Department
OSDOSD
NMCCNMCC
IntelligenceAgencies
IntelligenceAgencies
DNIDIACIANSA
DNIDIACIANSA
DefenseAgenciesDefense
Agencies
DISADTRADLANGA
DISADTRADLANGA
ServicesServicesArmyNavy
Air ForceMarine CorpsCoast Guard
NGB
ArmyNavy
Air ForceMarine CorpsCoast Guard
NGB
The Players
Rapid exchange of pertinent information
Analysis of situations affecting possible COAs
Development of feasible COAs
Decisionmaking process to select best COAs
Coordination of plans and orders to implement decisions made
CAP Process Allows
Political-Military Actions and the “Interagency”
Military Operations
Policy
Importance
• Sensible and realistic policy-making creates opportunities for progress
• Interagency planning can make or break an operation
• Failure to integrate civil dimension…Undermines unity of effortPressures military to do moreLengthens the duration of
commitments• Early involvement in planning accelerates
contributions of civilian agencies
How did we get where we are? Mission/Objective Alternative means to achieve
objective Tolerance for what level of
violence? Support for use of force Financial and logistical Exit strategy Definition of victory
Deciding to Intervene
PlanDevelopment
Plan Assessment
No Plan
Contingency Planning
JSCP
Strategic Guidance
ConceptDevelopment
OPORD
ExecutionPlanningSituational Awareness
Crisis
Crisis Action Planning
Campaign Plan OPORDs
OPLANCONPLANs
SCP
Commander’sStrategicConcept
JOPESJoint Operation Planning and Execution System
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
MajorCrisis
US Government (OSD, JS, COCOMs, Interagency)
• Monitor the situation• Identify that an event has occurred• Recognize that the event is a problem
or potential problem• Report the event• Assess the event
Crisis Action Planning Process
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
Commander’s Assessment• Information on situation• Action being taken within ROE• Forces available• Timeframe for commitment of
forces• Major constraints or restraints
for employment of forces• COAs under consideration
MajorCrisis
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
MajorCrisis
Warning Order• Issued by CJCS• Contains Mission Statement -- Objectives -- Constraints/ Restraints -- Tentative Forces Available -- Command Relationships• Requests Cdr’s Estimate -- Develop COAs
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
Course of Action (COA) Planning • Review Existing Plans for Applicability• Develop COAs• Analyze COAs• Compare COAs
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
Warning Order
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
Commander’s Estimate• Mission• Situation and COAs• Analysis of opposing COAs• Comparison of own COAs• Recommended COA
COAPlanning
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
Cdr’s Estimate
Alert Order• President’s decision on COA • Contains
-- Situation -- Tasks -- Allocation of Major Forces -- Allocation of Strategic Lift -- Target Date for Execution• Requests Operation Order
(OPORD)
COAPlanning
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
or … Planning Order• Issued by CJCS when detailed
planning is desired immediately -- Before President approves a COA
• Contains -- Mission -- Objectives -- Forces Available -- Command Relationships
• Directs Execution Planning
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
Plan Development• Update/Adjust Selected COA -- Identify and Source Forces -- Identify Sustainment/Mobility Resources -- Resolve Shortfalls and Limitations• Can also be Directed in Planning Order• Develop OPORD
Cdr’s EstimateCOA
Planning
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
Cdr’s Estimate
Operation Order (OPORD)• Situation• Mission• Execution• Admin & Logistics• C2
COAPlanning
PlanDevelopment
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
Crisis Action Planning Process
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
COAPlanning
CCDR’s Assessment
COAPlanning
CCDR’s Assessment
COAPlanning
CCDR’s Assessment
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Cdr’s Estimate
Situation Awareness
COAPlanning
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
PlanDevelopment
Crisis Action Planning Process
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
OPORD
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
Deployment Order• SecDef Approval• Can be Issued at Any Time in CAP• Signals Pres/SecDef Decision to Begin
Preparation for Military Response
PlanDevelopment
Crisis Action Planning Process
Cdr’s EstimateCOA
Planning
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
OPORD
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
Deployment Order (cont.)• Reduces Reaction Time
• Increase Posture / Deploy Forces• Establish / Activate JTF & Designate CC• Also used to Terminate / Redeploy
PlanDevelopment
Crisis Action Planning Process
Cdr’s EstimateCOA
Planning
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
Deployment Order
PlanDevelopment
Crisis Action Planning Process
Cdr’s EstimateCOA
Planning
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
Execute Order• President Directs Commander to
Begin Military Operations• Defines Time to Initiate Operations• Conveys Guidance Not Provided Earlier
PlanDevelopment
Crisis Action Planning Process
Cdr’s EstimateCOA
Planning
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
CombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
MajorCrisis
CCDR’s Assessment
Situation Awareness
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
Execute OrderConductOperation
Deployment Order
PlanDevelopment
Crisis Action Planning Process
Cdr’s EstimateCOA
Planning
Alert Order
Planning Order
Warning Order
Contained in Enclosure G to JOPES Vol IList general responsibilities and
considerations during CAPIdentified for various levels
-- CJCS-- supported command-- component commands-- supporting commands-- Services-- USTRANSCOM-- other commands and agencies
Crisis Action Planning Checklists
WARNO PLORD ALORD DEPORD EXORD
UPHOLD DEMOCRACY (94) X X X XX
SAFE BORDER (95) X X
PROMPT RETURN (95) X X X
JOINT ENDEAVOR (95) X XX
ASSURED RESPONSE (96) X X X
QUICK RESPONSE (96) X X
BURUNDI (96) X
DESERT STRIKE (96) XX X
INTRINSIC ACTION (96) XX
GUARDIAN ASSISTANCE (96) X X X
SILVER WAKE (97) X X
ENDURING / IRAQI FREEDOM (03) X X X
CAP Orders
PlanDevelopment
No Plan
Contingency Planning
JSCP
Strategic Guidance
ConceptDevelopment
OPORD
ExecutionPlanningSituational Awareness
Crisis
Crisis Action Planning
Campaign Plan OPORDs
OPLANCONPLANs
SCP
Commander’sStrategicConcept
JOPESJoint Operation Planning and Execution System
Plan Assessment
JCL
“Bill, may I be excused? My brain is full.”
Joint Electronic Library : www.dtic.mil/doctrine
Joint Deployment Training Center: www.jdtc.jfcom.mil
Combatant Commands: http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/unifiedcommand/
RETROSPECT