DR. VISHAL R. TANDON › new -Dr Vishal R Tandon -Basics of Scientific... · •Rejected-2 have...
48
Presentation by DR. VISHAL R. TANDON MD,FIMSA,MAMS “WRITING RSEARCH PROTOCOL/SYNOPOSIS/THESIS” ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Post-Graduate Department of Pharmacology Government Medical College, Jammu (J&K) Editor In Chief JK Science Journal of Medical Education and Research
Transcript of DR. VISHAL R. TANDON › new -Dr Vishal R Tandon -Basics of Scientific... · •Rejected-2 have...
Presentation by
DR VISHAL R TANDONMDFIMSAMAMS
ldquoWRITING RSEARCH PROTOCOLSYNOPOSISTHESISrdquo
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Post-Graduate Department of Pharmacology
Government Medical College Jammu (JampK)
Editor In Chief
JK Science Journal of Medical Education and Research
ldquoScientists are rated by what they
finish not by what they attemptrdquo
No matter how successful amp
noble is the research will only
be creditable if the findings
are communicated to the
relevant people
Why this topic
bull Uniform Writing and submission as per university Guidelines
bull No rejection on grounds of style
bull To Make IECIRB Clearance easy
bull But there is no Replacement To Your GuideDr Vishal Tandon
University of Jammu Guidelines
bull Teacher Student Ratio- 11 or in exceptional case 12 only in clinical side for eligible Guide University of Jammu
bull 80 minimum attendance of the training periodbull gt30days only medical leavebull gt90 days registrationadmission cancelledbull IEC Clearance nescessarybull Board of Studies Clearance mandatorybull No change of subject of thesisGuide permitted except
under following conditions- plan rejected by board - work cannot be completed and is beyond the control of candidate
- when guide leaves the institution for more than six months Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Four copies to reach controller of examinationsthrough principal well before prescribed period
bull No paper to be published or presented beforedeclaration of results
bull English white bond paper 22x28cm with marginof 35 cm with matter only on one side of thepaper font size- 12 or 14 New time roman orarial with references as Index medicus
bull No repetition with same university for last 5 yearsof the subjectthesis
bull Co- Guide
Dr Vishal Tandon
Thesis Evaluationbull Approved- at least three examiner
bull Returned for improvement- two or more have suggested
bull Rejected-2 have rejected
bull Acceptance of thesis is precondition for writtenor oral examination
bull A candidate whose thesis stand approved butfails in examination shall not have to submitfresh
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
ldquoScientists are rated by what they
finish not by what they attemptrdquo
No matter how successful amp
noble is the research will only
be creditable if the findings
are communicated to the
relevant people
Why this topic
bull Uniform Writing and submission as per university Guidelines
bull No rejection on grounds of style
bull To Make IECIRB Clearance easy
bull But there is no Replacement To Your GuideDr Vishal Tandon
University of Jammu Guidelines
bull Teacher Student Ratio- 11 or in exceptional case 12 only in clinical side for eligible Guide University of Jammu
bull 80 minimum attendance of the training periodbull gt30days only medical leavebull gt90 days registrationadmission cancelledbull IEC Clearance nescessarybull Board of Studies Clearance mandatorybull No change of subject of thesisGuide permitted except
under following conditions- plan rejected by board - work cannot be completed and is beyond the control of candidate
- when guide leaves the institution for more than six months Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Four copies to reach controller of examinationsthrough principal well before prescribed period
bull No paper to be published or presented beforedeclaration of results
bull English white bond paper 22x28cm with marginof 35 cm with matter only on one side of thepaper font size- 12 or 14 New time roman orarial with references as Index medicus
bull No repetition with same university for last 5 yearsof the subjectthesis
bull Co- Guide
Dr Vishal Tandon
Thesis Evaluationbull Approved- at least three examiner
bull Returned for improvement- two or more have suggested
bull Rejected-2 have rejected
bull Acceptance of thesis is precondition for writtenor oral examination
bull A candidate whose thesis stand approved butfails in examination shall not have to submitfresh
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Why this topic
bull Uniform Writing and submission as per university Guidelines
bull No rejection on grounds of style
bull To Make IECIRB Clearance easy
bull But there is no Replacement To Your GuideDr Vishal Tandon
University of Jammu Guidelines
bull Teacher Student Ratio- 11 or in exceptional case 12 only in clinical side for eligible Guide University of Jammu
bull 80 minimum attendance of the training periodbull gt30days only medical leavebull gt90 days registrationadmission cancelledbull IEC Clearance nescessarybull Board of Studies Clearance mandatorybull No change of subject of thesisGuide permitted except
under following conditions- plan rejected by board - work cannot be completed and is beyond the control of candidate
- when guide leaves the institution for more than six months Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Four copies to reach controller of examinationsthrough principal well before prescribed period
bull No paper to be published or presented beforedeclaration of results
bull English white bond paper 22x28cm with marginof 35 cm with matter only on one side of thepaper font size- 12 or 14 New time roman orarial with references as Index medicus
bull No repetition with same university for last 5 yearsof the subjectthesis
bull Co- Guide
Dr Vishal Tandon
Thesis Evaluationbull Approved- at least three examiner
bull Returned for improvement- two or more have suggested
bull Rejected-2 have rejected
bull Acceptance of thesis is precondition for writtenor oral examination
bull A candidate whose thesis stand approved butfails in examination shall not have to submitfresh
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
University of Jammu Guidelines
bull Teacher Student Ratio- 11 or in exceptional case 12 only in clinical side for eligible Guide University of Jammu
bull 80 minimum attendance of the training periodbull gt30days only medical leavebull gt90 days registrationadmission cancelledbull IEC Clearance nescessarybull Board of Studies Clearance mandatorybull No change of subject of thesisGuide permitted except
under following conditions- plan rejected by board - work cannot be completed and is beyond the control of candidate
- when guide leaves the institution for more than six months Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Four copies to reach controller of examinationsthrough principal well before prescribed period
bull No paper to be published or presented beforedeclaration of results
bull English white bond paper 22x28cm with marginof 35 cm with matter only on one side of thepaper font size- 12 or 14 New time roman orarial with references as Index medicus
bull No repetition with same university for last 5 yearsof the subjectthesis
bull Co- Guide
Dr Vishal Tandon
Thesis Evaluationbull Approved- at least three examiner
bull Returned for improvement- two or more have suggested
bull Rejected-2 have rejected
bull Acceptance of thesis is precondition for writtenor oral examination
bull A candidate whose thesis stand approved butfails in examination shall not have to submitfresh
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Four copies to reach controller of examinationsthrough principal well before prescribed period
bull No paper to be published or presented beforedeclaration of results
bull English white bond paper 22x28cm with marginof 35 cm with matter only on one side of thepaper font size- 12 or 14 New time roman orarial with references as Index medicus
bull No repetition with same university for last 5 yearsof the subjectthesis
bull Co- Guide
Dr Vishal Tandon
Thesis Evaluationbull Approved- at least three examiner
bull Returned for improvement- two or more have suggested
bull Rejected-2 have rejected
bull Acceptance of thesis is precondition for writtenor oral examination
bull A candidate whose thesis stand approved butfails in examination shall not have to submitfresh
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Thesis Evaluationbull Approved- at least three examiner
bull Returned for improvement- two or more have suggested
bull Rejected-2 have rejected
bull Acceptance of thesis is precondition for writtenor oral examination
bull A candidate whose thesis stand approved butfails in examination shall not have to submitfresh
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ThesisResearch question
Plan of thesisResearch
IECIRB Clearance
Review
Decision RevisionRejection
Permission Granted
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Process of ResearchCompletion of Research
Writing of Thesis
Submission of Thesis
Review by external examiner
Decision Revision
Resubmission
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
What makes a good research question
bull Feasible
bull Interesting
bull Novel
bull Ethical
bull Relevant
F
I
N
E
R
bullTechnical expertise
bullNo of subjects
bullManageable in scope
bullAffordable (time amp money)
bullConfirms the existing findings
bullExtends existing findings
bullProvides new findings
bullTo scientific knowledge
bullTo clinical and health practice
bullTo future research
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Bioethics
bull Principles of essentialitybull Research is necessary for the advancement
of knowledge-Should add new Informationbull Rationale Justification of Research
Questionbull Principles of precaution and risk
minimizationbull Principles of the maximization of the public
interest
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Review of literature
bull How far similar research problem has been studied
bull Understand limitations in those studies
bull Critically assess the required modifications
bull WIDE TO NARROW TO SPECIFIC
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Common agencies
bull Pubmed central
bull Pubmed
bull DOAJ
bull Cochrane database
bull NLM
bull Science Free Medical Journals List
bull Biology amp Medicine Online Journals
bull EMBASE
bull Indexcopornicous
bull Googles
bull Googles scholars
bull Yahoo search
bull Indmed
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Key words
bull Keywords will help readers or indexingagencies in cross-indexing the study
bull The words found in title need not be given askey words
bull Use terms from the latest Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing the Synopsis Thesisbull Necessary Certificatesbull Titlebull Introductionbull Review of literaturebull Aim amp Objectivesbull Materials and Methodsbull Results bull Discussionbull Conclusion and Summary bull Referencesbull Appendices
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Sir Bradford Hillrsquos Questions
I Introduction Why did you start
M Methods What did you do
R Results What did you find
A and
D Discussion What does it all mean
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Necessary Certificates
bull Brief bio-data
bull Guide- Certifying originality of Research andsupervision
bull HOD- Certifying availability of work facilities forthe research work in the department
bull Head of Institution- Certifying availability of workfacilities for the research work in the Institution
bull IECIRB certificate
bull Conflict of interest Declaration if any
bull Acknowledgements
bull Informed consentDr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Simple and concise but informative
Interesting and eye-catching
Accurate and specific about paperrsquos content
State the subject in full
Indicate study design animal species
Grammatically correct
Should not State results or conclusion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Title
Will determine whether paper gets read
Avoid long title (see previous article in journal)
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid repetition of aims and objective
Should not conclude the study
What constitute a good title
ldquofewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
of the paperrdquo
Must be informative specific amp short 150 characters
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Can Use design in Title
bull Observational study bull Cross sectional study bull Prospectiveretrospectivebull One point analysis bull Randomizedbull Placebo controlbull An Open label study bull An Add onbull Concurrent parallel study designbull Longitudinal Studybull Cross over study bull Sequential Study bull Single blind Double Blind Triple blindbull Intention to treat trial bull Preliminary study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Introductionbull Essentially this section must introduce the subject
bull Should reflect Volume of the problem
bull Give a concise background of the study
bull Do not review literature extensively but provide themost recent work that has a direct bearing on thesubject
bull Rationale and Justification for research aims andobjectives must be clearly mentioned without anyambiguity
bull What new It is adding
bull Significance and relevance of study
bull The purpose of the study should be stated at the endDr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Introduction
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Writing Review of literature
bull Avoid Cut copy paste
bull Chronologically write Findings of the previous study
bull Till the latest reference
bull Conclude your review
bull Always better to review westernIndianregional data
bull End the review with rationale justification for conducting study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Chacko SA et al (2012) in their prospective
cross sectional epidemiological study
documented that higher serum 25(OH)D
concentrations may be inversely associated with
adiposity triglycerides triglyceride HDL-
cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome but
are not associated with LDL and HDL
cholesterol insulin glucose in postmenopausal
women
Most recently it was documented that low
Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and active 125-
Dihydroxyvitamin D is independently associated
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in older Australian
men (Hirani V et al 2017)Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Study Design ndash Randomizationndash Time and duration of studyndash Place of study and collaborating Departmentndash IRBIEC Clearancendash Clinical trial registration Numberndash Informed consentndash Define study population and number ndash Explain protocol clearlyndash Detail of Baseline Clinical Biochemical
Screening
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
ndash Inclusion criteriandash Exclusion criteriandash Define Study Groups allocation Clearlyndash Detail of Methods with original referencesndash Clearly define if any modification madendash Basis of Dose selection ndash Importantndash Principles of precaution and risk minimizationndash Assessment of Outcomes- primary and
secondaryndash Very Important to Define Parameters of
Evaluation and their Time protocol and theirinterpretation
ndash CONSORT ndash Flow diagram
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Concurrent parallel study design
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Random
ization Drug Age Sex
YMRS
Bas
elin
e
3 W
ee
ks
6 W
ee
ks
1 O 24 1 27 20 7
2 A 38 2 34 12 8
3 O 55 1 35 18 4
4 O 25 2 22 13 4
5 A 40 2 35 15 4
6 O 27 2 38 16 7
Data
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Results
bull Results may be presented in the form of
bull Frequency distribution tables or
bull Using diagrams such as bar diagram pie chartpictogram histogram line diagram scatter diagrametc
bull A caption (figure or table heading) should containsufficient information so that a reader canunderstand a table or figure in most cases withoutreference to the text
Base line Characteristics Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Variable DrugsStatistical
Inference
Mean Difference of
YMRS
Olanzapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
Asenapine
(Mean plusmn
SEM)
( Change)
t p
At 3 Weeks-1760 plusmn 093 NS
(5130)
-1689 plusmn 075 NS
(5131)-060 055
At 6 Weeks -2640 plusmn 065
(7694)
-2464 plusmn 069
(7486)
-186 007
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks with Unpaired Studentlsquotrsquo testdagger
plt005daggerdagger
plt001daggerdaggerdagger
plt0001 NS = Non Significant
TABLE 3 MEAN DIFFERENCE ( CHANGE) FROM RESPECTIVE
BASELINES OBSERVED WITH OLANZAPINE AND ASENAPINE ON YMRS
SCORE AT WEEK 3 AND 6
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
OLANZAPINE ASENAPINE
343133292
16708 16030
8044 7816
MEA
N Y
MR
S SC
OR
E
YMRS (Baseline)
YMRS (3 Week)
YMRS (6 Weeks)
Fig 1 EFFECT OF OLANZAPINE Vs ASENAPINE ON
YMRS SCORE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE MANIA
The data is shown in Mean plusmn SEM YMRS YoungManiaRatingScale
Pairedlsquotrsquo test in comparison to respective baselines plt005 plt001 plt0001 NS = Non Significant
Comparison between the groups at Baseline 3 weeks and 6 weeks withUnpaired Studentlsquotrsquo test
dagger plt005daggerdagger plt001daggerdaggerdagger plt0001
= Non Significant
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Figure 3 Section of the liver tissue of rats treated with VNE (100mgkg wt) and anti-tubercular drug challenge showingmacrovesicular fatty change (Hamp E 100 X)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Discussion First answer question posed in introduction
Begin a Discussion with a short restatement of themost important points from your results
Compare studies in agreement
Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies
Lay down Possible reason in discrepancies
Lay down Possible Hypothesis Explanation of thefindings
Discuss Unexpected Findings also
Explain what is new without exaggerating
Discuss perspectives implications Impact on
available research and clinical practice
bull Limitations of study
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Avoid
Repletion of results
Too verbose theoretical texts that are irrelevant to
the research problem
Inadequate discussions on the significant results
Failure to justify negative results
Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
The Discussion
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Conclusion
bull Be specific
bull No hypothesis
bull Try to answer your aims and objective
bull Finally conclude major results findings of study as per research question
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Jamison KR Suicide and bipolar disorder J
Clin Psychiatry 200061 Suppl 947-51
Angst J Sellaro R Historical perspectives
and natural history of bipolar disorder Biol
Psychiatry 200048(6)445-57
Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart
transplantation is associated with an
increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease
Ann Intern Med 1996124 980-3Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull McIntyre RS Cohen M Zhao J Alphs L Macek TA Panagides JA 3-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in thetreatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states BipolarDisord 200911(7)673-86
bull Parkin DM Clayton D Black RJ Masuyer E Friedl HP Ivanov Eet al Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl 5 year follow-up Br J Cancer 1996731006-12
bull Phillips SJ Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke In Laragh JHBrenner BM editors Hypertension pathophysiology diagnosis andmanagement 2nd ed Vol-2 New York Raven Press 1995 pp 465-78
bull Schimdt D Lynch J Evaluation of the reproducibility of parallelartificial membrane permeation assays (PAMPA) MilliporeCorporation USA [Serial online] 2002 [cited in 2002] Available fromhttpwwwmilliporecomtechpublicationstech1ANI728EN00
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
bull Digray NC Mengi Y Goswamy HLHydrocephalus in children Analysis of 50cases JK Practitioner 1998 (in press)
bull Goswamy HL Mengi Y Digray NCOrganisation of Trauma Care Presented at themeeting of North Chapter of ASI at JammuJampKndashIndia Oct 24ndash25 1998
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Mental Health is a state of harmonybetween the individual and thesurrounding world a state of harmonybetween oneself and others acoexistence between the realities ofself and that of other people and that ofthe environment (Sartorius 1983)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Acute mania is a medical emergency
and needs an early and appropriate
management which should provide
effective control and prevention of
activities that have potential for
adverse consequences (Bauer amp
Pfennig 2005)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Divalproex efficacy in reducing
symptoms of mania and psychosis is
comparable to olanzapine (Zajecka
et al 2002)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Irritants to evaluator
bull Plagiarismbull Grammatical Typographical mistakesbull Very Old referencesbull Structure of Submission not fallowed bull Reference not written in uniform stylebull Table and Figs- not cited and no legends or they
Lack descriptionbull Wrong citationbull Results repeated in discussionbull Conclusion- not drawn in accordance to results
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
How to Improve
bull Good writing is rewriting
bull Peer Review
bull Your supervisorprofessor is not here to teach you basic grammar and spelling
bull Use grammar check software
bull httpwwwgrammarcheckforsentencecom
bull Plagiarism Checker software-httpswwwquetextcom
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
ESC Heart Fail 2017 Aug 17 doi 101002ehf212198 [Epub ahead of print] Associationbetween vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly Porto CM12 Silva VL3
AIMSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiencyand risk of heart failure in elderly patients of cardiology outpatient clinics
METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was employedClinical data were collected from the elderly from August 2015 to February 2016 Thedependent variable was the risk of heart failure the independent variable was vitamin Ddeficiency and intervening factors were age gender education ethnicity hypertensiondiabetes mellitus hypothyroidism renal failure dementia stroke dyslipidaemiadepression smoking alcoholism obesity andropause and cardiac arrhythmia To analysethe association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of heart failure we used the bivariatelogistic analysis followed by analysis through the multivariate logistic regression model Ofthe 137 elderly the study found the following women (759) overweight (482) obese(306) increase in the index waisthip (883) dyslipidaemia (942) and hypertension(912) coronary artery disease (350) and 277 with cardiac arrhythmia or leftventricular hypertrophy Sixty-five per cent of the elderly were deficient in vitamin D Therisk of heart failure was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency [odds ratio (OR)1219 95 confidence interval (CI) = 423-3516 P = 0000] male gender (OR 1532 95CI = 339-6920 P = 0000) obesity (OR 417 95 CI = 136-1281 P = 0012) and cardiacarrhythmia (OR 369 95 CI = 123-1111 P = 0020)
CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and theevidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk ofheart failure in this population Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Unethical Publication practices
Gift Authorship
Pressured Authorship
Ghost Authorship
Duplicate Submission
Salami Publication
Plagiarism
Publications adding no new information
Scientific Fraud
Fabrication (altering truthful information) Falsification (Inventing information where none previously existed)
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
Dr Vishal Tandon
