Dr. Solomon Derese - University of Nairobi Personal Websites · Heterocyclic Chemistry Dr. Solomon...
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Transcript of Dr. Solomon Derese - University of Nairobi Personal Websites · Heterocyclic Chemistry Dr. Solomon...
UPC 213 (Pharmaceutical Chemistry II)
Heterocyclic Chemistry
Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 2
n = 1,2,3, ……
Where Z is different (hetero) from carbon
Course outline• Introduction to heterocyclic chemistry
• Nomenclature of Heterocycles
• Structure, reactions and synthesis ofaromatic heterocyclic compounds
Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 3
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Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 4
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Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 5
Study Nomenclature, Structure, Reaction andSynthesis heterocyclic compounds.
Scope of the course
Aliphatic heterocycles
Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 6
Aromatic heterocycles
We will study the chemistry of heterocycliccompounds i.e. Cyclic organic compoundscontaining not just carbon atoms, but oxygen,nitrogen, sulfur etc.
Dr. Solomon Derese 7SCH 402
It may seem strange that this rather narrowlydefined class of compounds deserves a wholeunit, but you will soon see that this is justifiedboth by the sheer number and variety ofheterocycles that exist and by their specialchemical features.
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Why bother with heterocycles?A recent analysis of the organic compoundsregistered in Chemical Abstracts revealed that as ofJune 2007, there were 24,282,284 compoundscontaining cyclic structures, with heterocyclicsystems making up many of these compounds –about two third of organic compounds areheterocyclic.
Most pharmaceuticals are based on heterocycles. Aninspection of the structures of the top-selling brand-name drugs in 2007 reveals that 8 of the top 10 and71 of the top 100 drugs contain heterocycles.
Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 9
The history of medicine can be defined byheterocyclic compounds.
As early as 16th centuryhave been used to treatmalaria.
The first synthetic drug(1887) (used forreduction of fevers)
Dr. Solomon Derese SCH 402 10
The first effectiveantibiotic (1938).
The first multi-millionpound drug (1970s),antiulcer drug.
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Viagra
Approved in 1997 fortreatment of male impotence.
Approved for treatment of Chronic MyelogenousLeukemia (CML) in 2001.
