Breast feeding , immunization and oral rehydration

Dr Shabbir AhmedAssistant professor pediatrics ANMC

MBBS,MCPS,FCPS

Breastfeeding Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing

young infants with the nutrients they need for

healthy growth and development

All mothers can breastfeed, provided they have

accurate information, and the support of their

family, the health care system

Colostrum, the yellowish, sticky breast milk

produced at the end of pregnancy, is

recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the

newborn

Feeding should be initiated within the first hour

after birth.

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6

months of age

Continued breastfeeding along with appropriate

complementary foods up to two years of age

What Are the Benefits of Breastfeeding for Baby?

Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants

It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein,

and fat – everything baby needs to grow

And it's all provided in a form more easily digested

than infant formula

Breast milk contains antibodies that help baby

fight off viruses and bacteria

Breastfeeding lowers baby's risk of having

asthma or allergies

Babies who are breastfed exclusively for the first

6 months, without any formula, have fewer ear

infections, respiratory illnesses, and bouts of

diarrhea

They also have fewer hospitalizations and visits

to the doctor

Breastfeeding has been linked to higher IQ scores

in later childhood

 What's more, the physical closeness, skin-to-skin

touching, and eye contact all help baby bond with

mother and feel secure

Breastfed infants are more likely to gain the right

amount of weight as they grow rather than become

overweight children

Breastfeeding also plays a role in the prevention

of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

It also lower the risk of diabetes, obesity, and

certain cancers as well

Are There Breastfeeding Benefits for the Mother?

Breastfeeding burns extra calories, so it can help

you lose pregnancy weight faster

 It releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps

uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may

reduce uterine bleeding after birth

Breastfeeding also lowers risk of breast and

ovarian cancer

It may lower risk of osteoporosis

Since you don't have to buy and measure formula,

sterilize nipples, or warm bottles , breast feeding

saves time and money

Contraindications of breast feeding

Infants with Special Dietary Requirements

Galatosemia

Phenylketonuria – may be partially breastfed

Maternal Infectious Disease

Cytomegalovirus – may or may not breastfeed

depending on individual circumstances

Herpes – if active on breast, may use other breast

if not affected

HIV – may or may not breastfeed depending on

individual circumstances

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 or 2

infection

Tuberculosis – if not contagious or may resume

feeding after two weeks of treatment

Maternal Drugs –

Chemotherapy agents – certain agents, discontinue

breastfeeding for as long as they remain in the milk

Drugs of abuse – discontinue breastfeeding until drugs

are out of maternal system

Primaquine and Quinine – contraindicated if either

infant or mother has G6PD

Metronidazole – discontinue breastfeeding until at least

12-24 hours after medication

Sulfa drugs – may be a problem in infants with

jaundice or G6PD, stressed or premature

Radioactive isotope – discontinue

breastfeeding for as long as the radioactivity is

in the milk

Immunization

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations,

including the timing of all doses, which may be either

recommended or compulsory, depending on the

country of residence

A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce

active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or

reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild"

pathogen

Many vaccines require multiple doses for

maximum effectiveness, either to produce

sufficient initial immune response or to boost

response that fades over time

Oral rehydration

Acute diarrhoeal diseases are among the leading

causes of mortality in infants and young children

in many developing countries

In most cases, death is caused by dehydration.

Dehydration from diarrhoea can be prevented by

giving extra fluids at home

Dehydration can be treated simply, effectively,

and cheaply in all age-groups

In all but the most severe cases by giving patients

by mouth an adequate glucose-electrolyte

solution called Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)

solution

ORS is a sodium and glucose solution which is

prepared by diluting 1 sachet of ORS in 1 litre of

safe water

It is important to administer the solution in small

amounts at regular intervals on a continuous

basis

Make ors at home

Measure and combine the ingredients in a container

Combine ¼-teaspoon real salt

¼-teaspoon (potassium chloride)

¼-teaspoon baking soda

with 2½-tablespoons granulated sugar

Use a spoon to quickly incorporate these dry

ingredients together