DR ROJANAH KAHARJPMPK, FEM.

TOPIC 6 & 7PROBLEM SOLVING/ PLANNED CHANGE

FEM3108

DR ROJANAH KAHAR

NOTE:

• Another term often used to describe what generalist practitioners do is PROBLEM SOLVING, initially introduced by Social Work Pioneer Helen Harris 1957.

• Essentially problem solving refers to the same process as planned change, although many debate the nuances of differences.

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Planned Change

• PC is the development and implementation of strategy for improving or altering ‘some specified condition, pattern of behaviour or set of circumstances in an effort to improve a client’s social functioning or wellbeing.

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Planned Change

• Is a PROCESS whereby SW engage a client, access issues, strengths and problems and establish a plan of action, implement the plan, evaluate its effect, terminate the process and so subsequent follow-up to monitor the client’s ongoing status.

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Generalist Intervention Model

• GIM is a practice model providing step by step direction concerning how to undertake the planned change process, which is generally directed at addressing problems.

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Three Major Features of GIM

1. GIM assumes that workers acquire eclectic knowledge base, a wide range of skills to target any size system and a professional value base.

2. It’s core 7 step planned change process that emphasized the assessment and use of client’s strengths.

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• 3. Generalist approach which means virtually any problem may be analyzed from multiple levels of intervention.

* Hence: GIM is oriented toward addressing problems and issues that involve not only individual, but also groups, organization, communities, and even major social policy

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Planned 7 Steps

1. Engagement

2. Assessment

3. Planning

4. Implementation

5. Evaluation

6. Termination

7. Follow-Up : Re assess - discontinue contact

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Engagement

the initial period where a SW orient himself to the problem at hand and begin to establish communication and a relationship with others,

Also addressing the problemRegardless of micro/meso/macro - SW

must establish rapport or a harmonious relationship with clients and target systems in order to communicate and get things done.

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Dimensions in Engagement

• Demeanor – ability to convey warmth, empathy and genuineness

• Initial meeting’s setting affects the engagement process.

• Alleviating initial client anxiety• Introducing the purpose and role

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2. ASSESSMENT

Assessment is the ‘differential individualized and accurate identification and evaluation of problems, people and situation and of their interrelations to serve as a sound basis for differential helping interventions (Siporin, 1975 p 224)Meyer defines assessment simply as ‘knowing, understanding, evaluating, individualizing or figuring out.

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Current Context?

Assessment is the investigation and determination of variables affecting an identified problem or issues as viewed from micro, meso and macro perspective

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Refer to Figure 1.4 & 1.5

Assessment refer to gathering relevant information about a problem so that decisions can be made about what to do to solve it.Assessment can involve preparation for intervention at any level of practice.Assessment include 4 sub-steps:1. Identify your client2. Assess the client-in-situation from micro, mezzo,

macro and diversity perspective.3. Cite information about clients problems and

needs.4. Identify client strengths. DR ROJANAH KAHAR

3. PLANNING ( F 1.6)• Planning what to DO.• Planning follows assessment in the problem

solving process• Planning involve 8 substeps:

– Work with client– Prioritize problems– Translate problems into needs– Evaluate levels of intervention for each need– Establish goals– Specify Objectives– Specify actions steps– Formalize a contract

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4: IMPLEMENTATION

The actual doing of the planDetails in Chapter 7.

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5: EVALUATION

• Evaluation of implementation in GIM is critical for accountability

• Evaluation techniques are becoming increasingly more effective.

• They involve the application of research principles to GP

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6: TERMINATION

The relationship must come to an end.

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7: FOLLOW UP

Is the re-examination of a client’s situation at some point after the intervention is completed.

Its purpose is to monitor its ongoing effects.

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