Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal [email protected] Hazards...
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Dr Rakesh Dubey
Director
Disaster Management Institute
Bhopal
Hazards Identification and Risk Assessment And
On-site and off-site Emergency Management Plans
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Hazardous gases/liquids in Indian Industries
LPG , Propane (under pressure in liquid phase)
Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase)
Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases)
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Causality chainCausality chain
EmissionEmission
Environmentaldistribution
Exposure
Effects
MODELLINGor
MONITORING
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SourcesSources
Source typesSource types:
Point sourcesPoint sources
Line sourcesLine sources
Diffuse sourcesDiffuse sources
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Types of Types of EmissionsEmissions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Continuous emissions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Intermittent emissions
Peak emissions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Block emissions
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Spatial scalesSpatial scales Local scaleLocal scale
Area around one Area around one point sourcepoint source
Average Average environmental environmental characteristicscharacteristics
““Reasonable worst Reasonable worst case” scenariocase” scenario
Regional scaleRegional scale Area of 200 x 200 kmArea of 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of 100 or 10% of
production production Average Average
environmentalenvironmental characteristicscharacteristics
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Key Points: RAIN!
Recognize Avoid Isolate Notify
What can
I do?
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Recognize
Unusual Activity / Behavior
Hazardous weather conditions
Things out of place Unexplained liquids Strange smells Abnormal fogs or mists Suspicious Packages
?
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AvoidWhat Do I Stay Away From?
Don’t assume anything
Don’t become a
victimDon’t rush in
Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat,
Smell, Touch)
The 4 Don’ts
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Isolate
Keep others away from hazard area
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Notify
Immediate Supervisor Hospital Emergency
Phone Number
Remember RAIN! Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, Notify
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RAIN! Example #1 Recognize: Suspicious Package Avoid: Do not touch object Isolate: Contain the area &
keep others away from hazard area
Notify: Call for help
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RAIN! Example #2
Recognize: Chemical Spill Avoid: Do not touch, taste, or smell Isolate: Contain the scene & keep
others away from hazard area Notify: Call for help
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Industrial Disaster Management Cycle: OECD
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What to do? How to do? Is there any way exists?
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Disaster Management Planning both on-site (Schedule 11) and off-site (Schedule 12) of MS&IHC Rules 1989 of EPA 1986 with following components:A. Risk Assessment & Management
B. Emergency Preparedness
C. Community Dialogue
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Part one Disaster Impact Assessment
Toxic release, heat fluxes, pressure waves
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Risk Assessment & Management
1. evaluate range of potential incidents (without considering possible causes)
2. put mitigation in place for foreseeable ones
3. evaluate community consequences for range of incidents,
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a) credible worst case- largest tank or worst failure consequence- reasonable duration of release- passive mitigation in effect- credible worst weather
b) worst imaginable case- largest tank or worst failure consequence- worst possible duration or release- no mitigation- worst possible weather
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Reliability Risk Assessment Risk Based Maintenance Planning
Risk estimation Hazard identification Quantitative Hazard Assessment Probabilistic Hazard Assessment Risk Quantification
Risk evaluation Setting up risk acceptance criteria Risk comparison
Maintenance planning
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Hazard identification
Accident scenario development Fault tree
development
Quantitative hazard assessment
Probabilistic hazard assessment
Consequences analysis
Fault tree analysis
Risk estimation
Whether risk is in acceptance?
Suggest maintenance measures to control
risk
Apply maintenance
measures and re-evaluate risk
No
End
Yes
Start
Fault tree for the envisaged scenario
What may go wrong?What would be What would be
the impacts?the impacts?How it may go How it may go wrong? wrong? How likely its How likely its occurrence?occurrence?
What maintenance What maintenance schedule would schedule would reduce its reduce its likelihood of likelihood of occurrence?occurrence?
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Disaster Management Institute, Bhopal
Toxic Gas Dispersion
LC-50
IDLH
STEL
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Storage Conditions Atmospheric Storage Pressure Storage Fully Refrigerated Storage Semi-Refrigerated Storage Gas Under Pressure Which condition is leading to significant
impacts
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On-site Risk Off-site Risk
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Hazards identification : Materials, process, regulatory,
Consequence of hazards Likely hood of consequences Frequency of occurrence Calculation of Risk Decision for weighing alternatives
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Part two Preparedness, Planning,
Response
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By putting prevention techniques
Through planning By response plans Through mitigation Education and awareness Best practices
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ALARP
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ALARP meansALARP means
‘As Low As Reasonable Practicable’
ALARP demonstration means:ALARP demonstration means:
To demonstrate that the project & associated systems and HSEMS will enable the facility to be operated & maintained safely such that residual risks to HSE are tolerable
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Good practices Technical approaches
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Management review
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OH&S PolicyOH&S Policy
PlanningPlanning
Implementation Implementation & Operation& Operation
Checking &Checking &Corrective ActionCorrective Action
ManagementManagementReviewReview Continual Continual
ImprovementImprovement
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Transport Sector
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Correct Technical Name Class Label
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
UN No.1075
Hazchem 2 W E
In Emergency Dial Specialist Advice 100 Keep away from sources of ignition.
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How plan should be made more use full for Top Management
Communication
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Living with the risks with continuous improvement: UN’s Statement of 2nd WCDR Kobe Japan
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? ?I f,A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
X Y Z
Equals,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26
Then,
K + N + O + W + L + E + D + G + E11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%
H + A + R + D + W + O + R + K8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%
Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%
But,A + T + T + I + T + U + D + E1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%
Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choiceboth ON and OFF the job
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