Dr. Nimrod Kozlovski How we are becoming the A Paradigm shift in on-line policing.
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Transcript of Dr. Nimrod Kozlovski How we are becoming the A Paradigm shift in on-line policing.
MINORITY REPORT SOCIETY
Dr. Nimrod Kozlovski
www.internetlaw.co.il
How we are becoming the
A Paradigm shift in on-line policing
Prevention
Attempt to commit a
crime
Pre-detection, Prediction, templates and profi les
recognitions
Crime is committed
Prosecution
Deterrence)?(
Detection, Investigation, Evidences collection
Arrest
Punishment
Prevention
Attempt to commit a
crime
Pre-detection, Prediction, templates and profi les
recognitions
Deterring from committing a crime
Reacting to a committed crime
Public police force (investigation, prosecution, punishment) Law Enforcement model
Proactive tendency
Proactivity volume
Phys
ical
D
igita
l
- Credit card fraud
- Hacking control
- Money laundry
- Spam control- Identity theft
- Copyright infringement- Documents crime- Child pornography
?Historical data and
Information archives
Point of intervention
- Passenger recognition- Street crime
Anomaly detection policingPattern based policingProfile-based policingUnder cover stingDesigning crime outOperational surveillanceIdentity control
proactive tactics in cybercrime policing
Proactive policingRecognition of Anomaly activity
L o
w
l e v
e l
D a
t a
Irregular hour/ repetition Parameter A
Location of the purchase Parameter B
Unusual IP range Parameter C
Different between purchaser Parameter Dname and registered Email
High expense at first Parameter E purchase
and
and
and
and
Other Parameters
Proactive policingRecognition of Anomaly activity
L o
w
l e v
e l
D a
t a
Irregular hour/ repetition Parameter A
Location of the purchase Parameter B
Unusual IP range Parameter C
Different between purchaser Parameter Dname and registered Email
High expense at first Parameter E purchase
and
and
and
and
W e
i g
h t e
d
va
lue
90%
Other Parameters
Proactive policingRecognition of Anomaly activity
L o
w
l e v
e l
D a
t a
Irregular hour/ repetition Parameter A
Location of the purchase Parameter B
Unusual IP range Parameter C
Different between purchaser Parameter Dname and registered Email
High expense at first Parameter E purchase
and
and
and
and
!Other Parameters
Proactive policingRecognition of Anomaly activity
L o
w
l e v
e l
D a
t a
Irregular hour/ repetition 15%
Location of the purchaser 25%
Unusual IP range 20%
Different between purchaser name 25% and registered Email
High expense at first purchase 10%
and
and
and
and
Proactive policingPattern recognition
L o
w
l e v
e l
D a
t a
Code arrives frequently every X hours
Similarly delivered to neighbor IPs
Code tries to open ports
Arrives from unknown source
Other predetermined parameters
and
and
and
and
!Pattern
A
PatternB
PatternC
PatternD
If
Match
Proactive policingPattern recognition
L o
w
l e v
e l
D a
t a
Code arrives frequently every X hours
Similarly delivered to neighbor IPs
Code tries to open ports
Arrives from unknown source
Other predetermined parameters
and
and
and
and
PatternA
PatternB
PatternC
PatternD
If
Proactive policingProfile identification
Know
in a
dvan
ce p
rofil
es Age
Place
Education
Language
Nationality
Specific Net activities
Subscriptions
Criminal record
Reactive policing Proactive policing
$
Sting
USES OF NEW FAKE SITES AND EXIST
ILLEGAL SITES AS TRAPS
UNDER COVER ACTIVITY
IN CHAT ROOMS
Proactive policingDesigning crime outDRM
1001
0
1010
1
0100
1
1111
0
1010
0
1010
1
0101
0
1001
0
1001
0
1010
1
0100
1
0101
0
1110
1
0110
1
0100
0
0100
0
1010
1
0010
0
1010
1
1001
010
101
00
100
10
010
10
110
00
101
00
101
00
101
00
101
10
101
11
101
0101
0
0101
0
0101
0
0101
0
0101
0
0101
0
0101
0
0100
1
0010
0
1010
0
Digital Rights Manager
Invalid assumptions (in the online world)
WHY THE LAW ENFORCEMENT MODEL IS NOT BEING FOLLOWED ON-LINE?
Deterrence Ability to investigate and
prosecute
Magnitude of crime
Expected gain cost of crime, expected gain
Gain < Punishment X enforcement probability
Punishment expectancy (playing
the jurisdiction)
Enforcement probability
1
Social preference for a preventive system
Cost Privacy implication
Prevention of lawful activity
Private entities’ choice
2
3
WHY THE LAW ENFORCEMENT MODEL IS NOT BEING FOLLOWED ON-LINE?
POLICING STRATEGY
Law enforcement
Reactive Evidence based investigation Law as primary regulator Discretionary enforcement Deferred judicial sanctionPassive victim Criminal focused
Proactive tacticsIntelligence focused Regulation through CodeAutomated, non discretionaryPresent non-judicial sanctionsActive victim Intermediaries focused
Cyberpolicing
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Law enforcement
Public officials Central command Territorial Limits on delegation of policing power Limitations on individual’s use of force
Multiplex organizational structures Decentralized Non territorial, internationalized Delegation of policing functions Empowerment of the individual (self help)
Cyberpolicing
SHOULD WE CARE?
Designing for accountability
Unaccountable policing
Setting the rulesPublic officials focused
The failure of the current legal system to
control cyberpolicing
Technological, legal, institutional mechanisms
Reactive model focused
Policing policies
Actual enforcement
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