http://www.bis.gov.uk/ukspaceagency

UK Policy Perspective Space Security supporting Growth & Innovation Mike Willis Security & Spectrum Policy

London – July 2016

making the UK the Place for Space

A Vision of Space

But – Space Delivers Services

Drivers and trends for change in the next 10/15 years

Space is now a critical dependency for many systems – space technology will become a commodity, – many more embedded dependencies on space services – regulation of assets, data security will be critical and more complex – Standards (e.g. spectrum, deorbiting) important to sustain growth

The UK Spaceport will be operational – an enabler of low cost access to space – new opportunities, space tourism – a developing low earth orbit economy of large constellations – global telecoms, – real time, high resolution earth observation

Drivers and trends for change in the next 10/15 years

Orbits will become more congested – Tensions between science, military and commercial use of resource – Debris will need a solution, collisions undesirable – Only 6% of catalogued objects are operational satellites

Kinetic Energy (E = ½ mv2)

Large car @ 70mph 1 MJ Cubesat @ 7km/s ~25MJ

Government Approach • To make the United Kingdom more

resilient to the risk of disruption to space services and capabilities, including from space weather

• To enhance the United Kingdom’s

national security interests through space

• To promote a safe and more secure

space environment

• To enable industry and academia to exploit science and grasp commercial opportunities in support of national space security interests

National Resilience

Critical Infrastructure

National Monitoring

International Collaboration

Coherent Policy Framework

National Space Policy

(Cross Whitehall)

Civil Space Strategy

(UKSA/BIS)

Innovation and Growth

Strategy

National Space Security

Policy (BIS/Cabinet Office/MOD)

Enduring principles: roles and responsibilities

Civil/military coherence

Space Growth Partnership

A Secure and Prosperous UK

Regulatory Framework

UN Treaties • Outer Space Treaty – Exploration &

use of space (incl Moon & celestial bodies)

• Rescue Agreement – Rescue & Return of Astronauts & Objects

• Liability Convention – When things go wrong

• Registration Convention

• Activities on the Moon & Other Celestial Bodies

UK Framework • Launching or procuring the launch

of a space object

• Operating a Space Object

• Any Activity in Outer Space

Protects; • Public Health, Safety & Property

• International Obligations

• National Security

Regulation – A Powerful Enabler

Future Work • Simplified small Satellite Regime

• Considering insurance aggregation for

fleets & constellations

• Reviewing fees

• Developing Remote Sensing framework

Current Work • Capped unlimited liability to

operators

• Removed Insurance Premium Tax – Saving 6% on every premium

Congestion charging

zone

All wavelengths 600 – 1200km

C

Environmental Protection

Objects >5cm Space debris is an environmental hazard and a threat to security, it is covered by international law Significant fuel costs in collision avoidance manoeuvres

Severe space weather is assessed as a relatively high likelihood event, with a medium to high relative impact on power grids, aviation, spacecraft and systems depending on space services

Space Surveillance

Combined Space Operations (CSpO) • US • UK • Canada • Australia

ESA SSA Radar Prototype

EU SST • UK • Germany • France • Italy • Spain

Chilbolton Radar

ESA SSA Programme • 18 ESA member states

Space weather

• Space weather forecasting and alerts – UK Met Office (MOSWOC)

working with US NOAA (SWPC)

• Technology & space segment development – ESA SSA Programme period 3?

SDSR 2015

• Ministerial Committee on security and prosperity & Publication of National Space Policy

• Process to mitigate space weather impacts & international partnerships to improve forecasting

• Increased global efforts to protect the space environment by using civil and military capability and working with International partners in US and Europe

• Recognise criticality of satellite navigation & need for enhanced resilience – including military use of Galileo encrypted service

• Innovation & international collaboration in the field of resilient satellite communications to support our Armed Forces

Space and Critical Infrastructure

• communications • emergency services • energy • financial services • food • Government • health

• transport • water • defence • civil nuclear • space • chemicals

In 2015, space was designated as one of the 13 UK CNI Sectors

Consequently, as for all CNI sectors, a sector security and resilience plan (SSRP) needed to be developed • UK Space Agency is responsible for space

Security and Resilience Planning Sector resilience plans set out the resilience of the UK’s most important infrastructure to the relevant risks identified in the National Risk Assessment. They:

• Assess existing resilience • Identify perceived vulnerabilities • programme of measures to improve resilience

• Classified but the Cabinet Office summarises into an

overall sector resilience plan for critical infrastructure

Resistance – Physical protection, Cyber etc. Reliability – Operate under adverse conditions Redundancy – Backup & having a plan B Response and Recovery – Ability to recover

Summary – what we are doing Space has become a normal contributor to our everyday lives – Space services are already delivering growth and have great future

potential – We must exploit the opportunities, mitigate the threats

Key orbits are congested, access is contested – Strategy and regulatory actions to assure access to orbital and

spectrum resource and to prevent the build up of space debris – Work with international partners to monitor the space environment

Protecting space systems against natural and man-made hazards – Security and resilience planning – Undertaking resilience assessments and promoting mitigation – Promoting R&D to build resilience and improve awareness