1. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 1 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (SUAS) Test and Evaluation: Robotic Aircraft for Public Safety (RAPS) July 26, 2013 Presented at the Small Unmanned Systems Business Exposition 2013, July 25-26, 2013, San Francisco John Appleby, PhD Borders and Maritime Security Division Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency (HSARPA) U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate

2. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Provide technical knowledge and solutions that address DHS operational capability gaps in border, maritime, and cargo security Key Operating Partners: CBP, USCG, ICE Two operational settings: Areas between Ports of Entry (POEs) At the POEs Domains: Air; Ground; Underground; Water; Underwater 2 Borders & Maritime Security Division Mission Space 3. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Purpose, Approach, Scope Processes Test site Vendor participation Test Plan Test Reports Lessons Learned Schedule Topics 3 4. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 To evaluate overall performance and utility of SUASsensor combinations using: RAPS addresses capability gaps and related operational factors of interest to a large and diverse group of potential users/stakeholders at federal, state, and local levels of government 4 Key capability measures One test ours applied uniformly to all systems to be tested Realistic operational test scenarios and environments Test reports produced for each system tested Purpose and Test Approach 5. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Notional, scripted operational scenarios for border security, search and rescue, fire/HAZMAT/disaster response, law enforcement Operational utility assessments Suitability assessments for operation in the National Airspace System Fixed- and rotary-wing SUAS < 25 lbs (MTOW) Flight testing < 400 ft altitude (AGL) Other RAPS activities U.S. border security demonstrations R&D: Onboard sense-and-avoid capabilities; spoofing countermeasures Design studies (ultra-quiet SUAS) Support to DHSs working group on privacy and civil liberties RAPS Scope 5 6. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 SUAS Applications Border Security 6 6 Notional DHS SUAS mission benefits (examples) Rapid aerial response capability Better situational awareness Improved agent safety More and better people/vehicle tracking Support rural and maritime interdiction 7. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Oklahoma Training Center Unmanned Systems (OTC-US) Elgin, OK (Ft. Sill restricted airspace) 7 RAPS Test Range OTC-US site (red outline) Liberty City site nearby (urban scenarios) 8. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 We developed 21 specific SUAS Performance Goals (next slide) using notional operational scenarios created and provided by senior LE, fire, and border security operators Scenarios were vetted with at-large operational communities These requirements encompass Program priority to seek mature SUAS solutions that could support the near-term transition of good capabilities Testing in three areas: user applications; usability; transition to NAS RFI* released September 2012 invited manufacturer participation 72 white papers received White paper screening and selection process Compliance check vs. RFI requirements White papers placed into three categories: Near-term participation; Later participation; Rejected (non-compliant) * (Request for Information) Manufacturer Participation 8 9. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 SUAS Performance Goals 9 Common Requirements: Threshold Objective Lost Link Procedures Rally Point Rally Point and after time return to launch Airframe Accumulated Flight Time > 200 hours (Rotary-wing) > 500 hours (Fixed-wing) > 400 hours (Rotary-wing) > 1,000 hours (Fixed-wing) Sensors Electro-optical and infrared Chemical/biological/radiological Sensors (EO/IR) Fixed Gimbaled Laser Designation None Laser spotter integrated Training (operator) One week One day Deployment Bungee/catapult launch Hand launched Recovery Line/net capture Deep stall/hover Assembly < 5 minutes < 1 minute Ready to launch (after assembly) < 5 minutes < 1 minute Mean time between lost link > 100 hours flight time > 250 hours flight time AirworthinessOperators Manual Provide written Operators Manual Provide written Operators Manual AirworthinessMaintenance Manual Provide written Maintenance Manual Provide written Maintenance Manual Weight (MTO) < 25 pounds < 25 pounds Rotary-winged UAS: Threshold Objective Endurance 30 minutes 1 hour Range 0.25 mile 1 mile Speed (dash) 10 mph 30 mph Speed (endurance) 0 mph 20 mph Altitude 400 ft AGL 1000 ft AGL Service Ceiling 6,000 ft MSL 10,000 ft MSL Acoustic signature (at 400 ft AGL) TBD TBD Fixed-wing UAS: Threshold Objective Endurance 30 minutes 2 hours Range 1 mile 3 miles Speed (dash) 20 mph 40 mph Speed (endurance) 15 mph 30 mph Altitude 400 ft AGL 1000 ft AGL Service Ceiling 6,000 ft MSL 10,000 ft MSL Acoustic signature (at 400 ft AGL) TBD TBD 10. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 We created a Test Plan using standard methodologies for operational evaluation 50 Performance Measures (quantitative and qualitative) Approved for public release in November 2012 Test Plan may/will evolve Example: Simulating more complex test scenarios involving multiple public safety organizations Also, we incorporate, where possible, stakeholders suggestions for changes and improvements Test Plan 10 11. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Test Reports Created by the S&T RAPS team for potential users Vendors perform fact checks of final draft and identify proprietary information Approved for release by DHS Content posted on DHS S&T First Responder Communities of Practice website at: Test Reports 11 https://communities.firstresponder.gov 12. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 RAPS Web sites Government employees and government-sponsored stakeholders interested in RAPS may request, via FirstResponder.gov, access to DHS S&Ts First Responder Communities of Practice website, which includes the RAPS Community of Practice site Access is controlled by DHS S&T and the RAPS PM for the RAPS and RAPS Secure pages, respectively. Communities of Practice 12 13. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Full Test Reports Content: Complete test results, including scoring summary tables to facilitate SUAS inter-comparisons; includes company-proprietary information Audience: Government employees and government-sponsored stakeholders interested in RAPS (potential users) Access to Full Test Reports: Available upon request to RAPS PM Archived in Robotic Aircraft for Public Safety (RAPS) Secure Community of Practice site Executive Summaries of Test Reports Content: Highlights of and general statements on test results Audience: Approved for unrestricted, public release Access to Executive Summaries: Available upon request to RAPS PM Archived in Robotic Aircraft for Public Safety (RAPS) Community of Practice site Test Report Access 13 14. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 RAPS Timeline 14 RFI Released September 2012 Test Plan Finalized November 2012 RAPS-001 Test Report Released (restricted) April 2013 Vendors Selected 72 White Papers October-November Flight testing begins December 10, 2012 Test Report Production 2013-beyond 15. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 No one platform performs well in all scenarios Fixed wing aircraft: Very good in search and rescue, fire monitoring Some fixed wing SUAS need operating areas > 200 ft radius Launch and recovery zones Deep stall landings affected by winds Rotary winged aircraft: Perform well in crime, accident, and arson scene investigation and in police SWAT applications Hover ability is very beneficial Some systems are relatively quiet, providing stealth, and can perch at specific locations Nearing the 30-minute endurance level Winds are not a limiting factor (fly in winds up to 30 mph) In winds, maintain commanded flight profiles better than fixed wing aircraft Lessons Learned To Date 15 16. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 Essential performance capabilities for effective, high-use operations: Integrated EO and IR sensors on a gimbaled platform Search and rescue scenarios are aided by ability to switch between two modes to validate targets of interest Dual sensors are valuable in urban scenarios where shadows are prevalent Geo-referenced EO and IR full motion video Needed for chain of custody and target of interest location accuracy Collision avoidance: For some systems, the best way to avoid oncoming traffic may be to initiate immediate landing But climb and descent speeds may not be sufficient to avoid collision Other findings: Quiet systems developed by DoD may need audible augmentation during search and rescue Fuel cell SUAS: > 8 hr endurance is a significant new capability Note The fuel cell we tested requires > 12 min for warm up prior to launch Lessons Learned, contd 16 17. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 RAPS Schedule 17 18. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 RAPS Schedule, contd 18 New RFI, tentatively, in Fall 2013 which, with 2012 RFI, would support ongoing testing in 2014; manufacturers TBD 19. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 19 Dr. John Appleby, Chair DHS S&T HSARPA Mr. Bob Griffin, Director DHS S&T First Responder Group Mr. Jonathan Cantor DHS Chief Privacy Officer (Act.) Ms. Tamara Kessler, Chief (Act.) DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Mr. John Priddy, Director DHS Customs and Border Protection (CBP)/ Air Operations Capt Doug Nash, Chief DHS U.S. Coast Guard/ Office of Aviation Forces Mr. Chris Vaughan DHS Federal Emergency Management Admin./ Geospatial Management Office Mr. Jim Williams, Director Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/ UAS Integration Office Mr. David Morton FAA/ UAS Integration Office, Aviation Safety Inspector Mr. Steve Pansky FAA/ UAS Integration Office, Senior ATC Analyst Dr. Steve McKeever Oklahoma State Univ./ VP for Science &Technol. Transfer; UML/ Executive Director Mr. Eric Meyn, Director University Multispectral Laboratories (UML)/ Unmanned Systems Division Chief Robert Doke Oklahoma State Fire Marshall Chief Jon Hansen Director, Oklahoma Council On Firefighter Training (COFT) LTC Jon Greenhaw Oklahoma National Guard Mr. Mike OShea Department of Justice/ Office of Justice Programs Cmdr Bob Osborne (ret.) Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department Chief Donald Shinnamon, Sr. (ret.) Public Safety Aviation Consultant Mr. Andy Lacher MITRE Corporation/ UAS Integration Research Strategist RAPS Steering Group 20. Presenters Name June 17, 2003 RAPS Project Support Officer: Mr. Kevin Spence: (202) 254-2235 kevin.spence@associates.hq.dhs.gov RAPS Web Links: FirstResponder.gov is a public-access DHS S&T website Government employees and government-sponsored stakeholders interested in RAPS may request, via FirstResponder.gov, access to DHS S&Ts First Responder Communities of Practice website, which includes the RAPS Community of Practice site. Access is controlled by DHS S&T and the RAPS PM. https://communities.firstresponder.gov RAPS RFI (released September 24, 2012): https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DHS/OCPO/DHS-OCPO/DHS13-01/listing.html Project Office and Web Links 20