Dr. Jerry P. Galloway CURRICULUM Philosophy CURRICULUM: Philosophy.

Dr. Jerry P. Galloway

CURRICULUM

Philosophy

CURRICULUM: Philosophy


Philosophy Guides Everything


• Values // World View• Dropping Fine Arts / Sports =vs= Academics• Emphasizing Standardized Test Scores over Holistic Learning• Teaching procedures & tasks =vs= concepts & understanding


Contrasting 4 Philosophies

Idealism –

Realism –

Pragmatism –

Existentialism –


Working with ideas. Learning is conceptual. Greater pursuit of an ideal Truth. – Separate content areas. General/Abstract (Truth) > > to concrete.

Similar to Idealism: Learning involves ideas. Also separate content areas: HIGH: General/Abstract but more practical in terms of moral Truths… recognizing the higher value of the sciences.

No absolutes. Learning reacts through problem solving to a constantly changing reality. Focus on critical thinking.. ability to adapt. No permanent knowledge.

Personal Choice. Reject standards & imposed structure. Personal freedom, individualized direction & self-expression.


Contrasting 4 Philosophies

Idealism –

Realism –

Pragmatism –

Existentialism –


Absolute/eternal – TruthKnowledge/Ideas/Abstract Thinking

Absolute/eternal – NatureKnowledge/Ideas/Abstract Thinking

Situational/RelativeAdaptability/Problem Solving

Individual ChoiceSelf-expression/Human Condition


Educational Philosophies


Perennialism

A holistic improvement of man’s condition.

Opposed to: Cultural Relativism

Emphasizes Critical Thinking, Classics, Liberal Arts, Tougher Standards, Intellectual Development

Uniform Curriculum – few electives

Western Civilization is in Decline




Essentialism

Educational Excellence & Tougher Standards

Emphasize Content over Process

Emphasize Knowledge & Facts

Back to Basics movement

Cognition over psychological & social concerns

Questions survival of Western Civilization




Progressivism

Problem solving / critical thinking / scientific methods

How to think / - not What to think

Focus on the learner – not the subject

Oppose: authoritarian teaching / acquisition of facts / reliance on textbooks, teacher in delivery of knowledge

Support: changing individual and social realities, more student control, teacher as facilitator of experiences




Reconstructionism

Relates education to social progress – therefore: not politically neutral

Role of objectivity/scientific method –vs- declared values

Curriculum changes with society

? Emphasis on societal advancement over the individual

Social responsibilities

Issues of equality, opportunity, discrimination (or revrs), remediation /-vs-/ striving for excellence & highest achievement.

Dr. Jerry P. GallowayCURRICULUM: Philosophy

Teaching Philosophy – Learning Theories

-ism’s

Behaviorism

Cognitivism

Constructivism

others

Dr. Jerry P. Galloway CURRICULUM Philosophy CURRICULUM: Philosophy.

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