1. 1. Dr. Jekylls Potion, into the grey zone of evil? Dr. Jekylls Potion, into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 Christophe Busch
2. 2. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch
3. 3. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Paradigm shifts in perpetrator research 2010 - Mad or Bad model Innate evil Pathological disturbance Situation vs disposition Situational forces (conformity, obedience, ) Dispositional forces (attitude, personality, ) Mechanized crime Murderous bureaucracy Machinery of destruction Typologies & evolutionary based models 40 50 60 80 90
4. 4. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch TYPOLOGIES (gathering specimen) Duality in explanations Mad or bad hypothesis Ordinary men Intentionalism Functionalism Center Periphery Disposition Situation Mono-causal Multi-causal On the origins of collective violence
5. 5. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch How do ordinary people commit genocide and mass killing? Ultimate influences: The evolution of Human Nature Proximate influence: Cultural Construction of worldview (1) Collectivistic Values (2) Authority Orientation (3) Social Dominance Proximate influence: Psychological Construction of the Other (1) Us-Them Thinking (2) Moral Disengagement (3) Blaming the Victims Proximate influence: Social Construction of cruelty (1) Professional Socialisation (2) Group Identification (3) Binding Factors of the Group [James Waller 2006]
6. 6. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Video: the panthers
7. 7. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch
8. 8. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Conditioning and social learning (functional drift) Techniques of Neutralization (Sykes & Matza) Denial of responsibility Pushed or pulled into situations Denial of injury Acts do not really cause any harm Denial of the victim Self defense (medical, reproductive,) Condemnations of the condemners Blaming the others (often historical) Appeal to higher loyalties Race, nation, Volk, Alex Alvarez Denial of humanity (dehumanization) Video: the panthers
9. 9. The role of social learning along the continuum of destruction Genocide = process Systematic desensitization Initiation Routinization Brutalization Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch The continuum of destruction Exclusion from the moral world Process of otherisation Limited acts of violence Severe, gruesome acts of violence Moral principles become non-applicable to the victims
10. 10. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch
11. 11. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch
12. 12. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Nature versusGOOD EVIL the demonic transition (a popular view on perpetrator behavior) (a transitional view on perpetrator behavior)Degree On the individual level!
13. 13. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Paradigm shifts in perpetrator research 2010 - Mad or Bad model Innate evil Pathological disturbance Situation vs disposition Situational forces (conformity, obedience, ) Dispositional forces (attitude, personality, ) Mechanized crime Murderous bureaucracy Machinery of destruction The grey zone of complexity Complex systems & networks Interactionist theory 40 50 60 80 90
14. 14. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Paradigm shifts in perpetrator research Mad or Bad model Innate evil Pathological disturbance Situation vs disposition Situational forces (conformity, obedience, ) Dispositional forces (attitude, personality, ) Mechanized crime Murderous bureaucracy Machinery of destruction The grey zone of complexity Complex systems & networks Interactionist theory
15. 15. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Emotional distance Systematic desensitization apathy Atrocity producing situations Destructive obedience Group conformity Predisposition
16. 16. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Patterns emerge from the interactions between agents (individuals).
17. 17. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch
18. 18. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Who is the leader??
19. 19. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch
20. 20. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Leadership emerges on every level Eichmann = HUB ? Focus on the information transfer
21. 21. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch Die Entfesselung der Endlsung (Browning) besteht im Wesentlichen in Arbeit, die gemacht wird. Die Entfesselung weist mithin eine ganze Reihe nicht-intentionaler Aspekte auf, die sie vorantreiben, ja, die sie berhaupt erst in die Sphre tatschlicher Machbarkeit heben. Ein Schlssel fr diese mrderische Machbarkeit liegt, soziologisch betrachtet, in der auf den ersten Blick diffusen, tatschlich aber hchst effizienten Befehlsstruktur. Der Rahmenbefehl zur Judenvernichtung hatte lediglich eine weit auszulegende Gelegenheitsstruktur geschaffen, die seinen praktischen Interpreten Ermessensspeilrum bereitstellte, die diese ganz im Sinne ihres Engagements und ihres Bedrfnisses nach Effizienz zu nutzen trachteten. [Harald Welzer Tter]
22. 22. Dr. Jekylls Potion into the grey zone of evil? CREA Theater 25 maart 2010 c.busch CHGE vzw Belgium www.chge.be www.collectiefgeweld.be