Dr. Dave Pyburn - SIV Surveillance and Recent Fair Human Infections

Safeguarding Animal Health

SIV Surveillance and Recent

Fair Human Infections

(“Spill Over”)

Dr. Dave Pyburn

USDA APHIS VS

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Swine Influenza Virus

Surveillance

• Voluntary Program / Anonymous

• Objectives

Monitor genetic evolution and ecology

Provide isolates for research activities

Provide isolates for progressive development of

Diagnostic reagents

Diagnostic assays

Vaccines

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Swine Influenza Virus

Surveillance

• Surveillance streams

Case compatible

accessions to diagnostic

laboratories

First point of contact or

commingling events

Swine linked to a human

case of SIV

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SIV Surveillance Results

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SIV Surveillance Results

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Month

Number of accessions with each subtype present

Total Accessions

with H3N2

reported

Accessions with H3N2 Pandemic

Matrix

Accessions with H3N2 with North American

Matrix

H3N2 with Matrix family not yet reported H1N1 H1N2

Oct 2011 10 5 4 1 14 13

Nov 2011 15 9 3 3 21 11

Dec 2011 10 7 2 1 11 13

Jan 2012 9 9 0 0 11 11

Feb 2012 12 7 3 2 10 4

Mar 2012 3 3 1 1 13 4

Apr 2012 16 7 8 1 13 10

May 2012 11 2 8 1 14 7

Jun 2012 30 7 1 29 16 24

Jul 2012 22 1 0 21 18 25

Aug 2012 … … … … … …

Sep 2012 … … … … … …

FY 2012 YTD Total 138 57 30 60

141 122


SIV Surveillance Numbers

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Human Infections• Recent H3N2v findings:

Humans linked to exposures through exhibitions

(county and state fairs) - Multiple states involved

>300 people (in 10 states) have documented

sickness; many were traced to exposure to swine

at exhibition events (state and county fairs)Most cases have occurred in pig exhibitors and have

occurred after very close contact with pigs over a

relatively long period of time

16 hospitalizations and one death associated with H3N2v

• Also human infections (4) with H1N2v linked

with swine exposure in one state (+H1N1v)

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Human Infections

• Limited human-to-human transmission of

H3N2v virus is thought to have occurred in

the fall and winter of 2011

2012 H3N2v very similar to the H3N2v viruses

found in 2011

No sustained community transmission of this virus

taking place at this time but some human to

human looks likely

CDC is monitoring for changes in the virus and

potential person-to-person transmission of H3N2v

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H3N2v

• Influenza A (H3N2) viruses with genes from

avian, swine, and human viruses that

normally circulate in swine

• When human infections with these viruses

occur, these viruses are called “variant”

viruses (thus the “v”)

• When these viruses are found in swine, they

are called swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses.

• M gene from 2009 pH1N1

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H1N2v• Prolonged contact with pigs at a fair

First time this virus has been found in humans

• Two of the people had underlying health

conditions that placed them at high risk of

serious flu complications

One of the two people with high risk factors was

hospitalized

All recovered

• Susceptible to antiviral drugs oseltamivir

(Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®)

• M gene from 2009 pH1N1

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Public Guidance

• CDC recommends annual seasonal influenza

vaccination for all persons aged 6 months

and older to protect against seasonal

influenza viruses

Unlikely to protect against variant influenza

viruses

• For high risk persons (age and medical

factors) - avoiding or minimizing exposure to

pigs or pig barns at fairs

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Public Guidance

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Recently, CDC and 4-H issued a fact sheet titled “Influenza H3N2v: Key Facts

For People Exhibiting Pigs at Fairs .” (Available at

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-key-facts-exhibiting-pigs-at-

fairs.htm.)

CDC and USDA have issued a fact sheet titled “Issues for Fair Organizers to

Consider When Planning Fairs.” (Available at

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-fairs-planning.htm.)

Additionally, CDC has issued a fact sheet for fair goers entitled “Take Action

to Prevent the Spread of Flu Between People and Pigs at Fairs.” (Available at

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-fairs-factsheet.htm.)


Take Home Thoughts • Influenza A viruses have been isolated from many

species including humans, pigs, horses, marine

mammals, and birds

• One notable commonality between

H1N2v, H1N1v, and H3N2v influenza viruses is that

all have the M gene from the 2009 pH1N1 virus

Does the M gene confer easier transmissibility to humans?

Between humans?

• Surveillance in swine can help to target surveillance

in humans – geographically and for a specific virus

Effective surveillance not possible without industry

willingness and participation

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