Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and...
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Transcript of Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and...
![Page 1: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa).
We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions.
Homework 9 and 10 will become due during this time period.
![Page 2: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sunspots …
Regions with strong magnetic fields
Cooler than other parts of the Sun’s surface (4,000 K) and thus not as bright as their surroundings.
Recall: Cooler objects emit less radiation per surface area.
![Page 3: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Loops of bright gas often connect sunspot pairs, leading one spot to have one magnetic polarity and the other the opposite polarity.
![Page 4: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Magnetically Linked Spots
![Page 5: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
solar flare: a violent explosion in the sun’s atmosphere
Magnetic activity causes solar flares that send bursts of X-rays and charged particles into space.
![Page 6: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
An active region on the Sun that produced a powerful flare shown over a period of about four hours. The glowing gas flowing around the relatively stable magnetic field loops above the Sun's photosphere has a temperature of over ten million degrees Celsius. These flows occurred after
violently unstable magnetic reconnection events above the Sun produced the flare.
![Page 7: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Magnetic activity also causes solar prominences that erupt high above the Sun’s surface.
![Page 8: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The corona appears bright in X-ray photos in places where magnetic fields trap hot gas.
![Page 9: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Active Sun: Coronal Loops• Coronal loops are
tracing magnetic field lines in the corona
• Coronal loops are rooted in the photosphere, one end with positive polarity, and the other end negative polarity
![Page 10: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Coronal mass ejections send bursts of energetic charged particles out through the solar system.
![Page 11: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
An active region on the Sun that produced a powerful flare shown over a period of about four hours. The glowing gas flowing around the relatively stable magnetic field loops above the Sun's photosphere has a temperature of over ten million degrees Celsius. These flows occurred after
violently unstable magnetic reconnection events above the Sun produced the flare.
How does solar activity affect humans?
![Page 12: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Charged particles streaming from the Sun can disrupt electrical power grids, disable communications satellites, and cause aurora (“northern and southern lights”).
![Page 13: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How does solar activity vary with time?
![Page 14: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The number of sunspots rises and falls in 11-year cycles.
![Page 15: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The sun rotates faster at its equator than away from the equator.
The sunspot cycle arises from the winding and twisting of the Sun’s magnetic field produced by this differential rotation.
![Page 16: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Moving outward from the Sun, we come to…
![Page 17: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Terrestrial Planets
Mercury EarthVenus Mars
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• Made of metal and rock; large iron core • Desolate, cratered; long, tall, steep cliffs• Very hot and very cold: 425°C (day), –170°C (night)
Mercury
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• Nearly identical in size to Earth; surface hidden by clouds • Hellish conditions due to an extreme greenhouse effect:• Even hotter than Mercury: 470°C, day and night
Venus
![Page 20: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• An oasis of life• The only surface liquid water in the solar system• A surprisingly large moon
Earth and Moon to scale
Earth
![Page 21: Dr Dash will be on travel for the next two weeks (off to Africa). We will have a guest lecturer and Justin will be available to answer questions. Homework.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf721a28abf838c7e4ed/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Looks almost Earth-like, but don’t go without a spacesuit!• Giant volcanoes, a huge canyon, polar caps, more…• Water flowed in the distant past; could there have been life?
Mars