Dr. Christien Klaufus,10 Dec 2014. 2 Elected, impeached Deputy Elected, impeached Elected, still in...
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Transcript of Dr. Christien Klaufus,10 Dec 2014. 2 Elected, impeached Deputy Elected, impeached Elected, still in...
From Shortage Reduction to a Wellbeing Approach
Ecuadorian Housing Policies
Dr. Christien Klaufus,10 Dec 2014
2
Elected, impeached
Deputy
Deputy
Deputy
Deputy
Elected, impeached
Elected, impeached
Elected, still in function
Correa government since 2007
Nov 2006 elected; 1st term 2007-2009 Apr 2007 Referendum new Constitution Oct 2007 Constitutional assembly Oct 2008 New Constitution accepted
Apr 2009 re-elected; 2e term 2009-2013 Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2009-
2013 Sep 2010 Coup d’état by police
Feb 2013 re-elected; 3e term 2013-2017 Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2013-
2017
Wellbeing / Buen Vivir / Sumak Kawsay
Policy discourse: Post-neoliberalism, highly state-centered Andean ‘cosmovision’; reciprocity, sustainability, “rights of
nature” Social programs to fight poverty >>> housing
Total housing stockrural urban total1,357,420 2,391,499 3,748,919Qualitative housing shortagerural urban total480,108 761,526 1,241,63435.4% 31.8% 33.1%Quantitative housing shortagerural urban total436,750 271,051 707,80132.3% 11.3% 18.9%Total housing shortagerural urban total916,858 1,032,577 1,949.43567.5% 43.2% 52.0%
Table 19.1: Housing shortages in Ecuador, 2010
Source: INEC, 2011a; SNI, 2011a.
Shortage reduction old-style: production of ‘matchboxes’ of 6x6 m²
Rural versus urban
Definition of categories ‘urban’, ‘rural’and ‘urbano-marginal’ Possibility for self-help solutions on owned terrain Rights and duties of grant-receivers: choice of housing types,
association
Urbano marginal
Housing grants under Correa
MIDUVI PROGRAMME
Former governments Correa governmentTOTAL 2007-20102002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Urban
New 4,999 3,193 4,041 5,685 1,826 5,705 12,512 14,210 3,287 35,714
Improvement 3,903 3,605 5,316 4,511 2,727 3,410 7,750 7,380 552 19.092
Urbano-marginal
New 3,518 3,631 1,059 54 1,287 2,713 5,124 1,558 700 10,095
Improvement 619 1,339 47 110 932 1,391 88 4 2,415
Rural
New 9,184 6,863 7,470 6,495 7,698 14,476 61,999 15,374 3,523 95,372
Improvement 2,392 1,344 1.256 866 1,854 1,742 4,938 1,331 413 8,424
Middle class projects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,492 11,492
Projects for disabled people 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,290 2,290
Re-settlement and emergencies 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,136 435 1,641 7,212
Total number of grants 24,615 19,975 19,189 17,611 15,502 28,978 98,850 40,376 23,902 192,106
Investment in US dollar
19,678,352
15,938,068
16,288,550
17,659,658 10,550,550
90,094,000
361,375,480
150,969,047
114,496,487
716,935,014
Table 19.3: Paid grants for new housing and home improvement during former and current government terms, 2011
Sources: www.miduvi.gob.ec and www.habitatyvivienda.gob.ec/p/, data processed by authors.
Remittances in housing: consumer’s choice
Self-help versus state sponsored turn-key houses
Ciudad Victoria, Guayaquil: resettlement
Back to production-based solutions?