Dr Bukar Tijani

Assistant Director General, FAO

Dr Bernard Vallat

Director General, OIE

Global control and eradication of

peste des petits ruminants

Investing in veterinary systems,

food security and poverty alleviation

Conclusions

Role of the OIE

Role of the FAO

Global PPR Control and Eradication Strategy

High Stakes

Global control and eradication

of peste des petits ruminants

High Stakes Dr Bukar Tijani , ADG FAO

Livestock and Nutrition

Some 805 million people in the world suffer from

chronic malnutrition.

Animal source food provides a critical supplement

and diversity to staple plant-based diets, and are

particularly appropriate for combating

Milk and meat from small ruminants are

> energy-dense > good sources of protein

> vitamins > micronutrients.

> undernutrition

> malnutrition

> range of nutritional deficiencies.

Livestock and Nutrition

Animal source foods can enhance quality in diets (especially

children, elderly, and expectant pregnant and lactating women)

Consumption of milk or meat is often low in undernourished

populations; under these critical circumstances even moderate

increases in consumption provide valuable nutritional benefits.

Diseases, like PPR, deprive populations from valuable foods

Diseases impact production efficiencies

Rural poverty and small ruminant density

Small ruminants:

heads per km2

Rural poverty and small ruminant density

Small ruminants:

heads per km2

Rural poor Less than USD 2/Day

number/km2

Livestock and Poverty Reduction

Halving extreme poverty by the end of 2015 has been met (MDGs)

Yet, the world still counts more than one billion people that live in extreme poverty

Livestock sector employs 1.3 billion people

Livestock provide ~26 percent of human global protein consumption

and 13 percent of total calories

Livelihood to 1 billion poor, 70 percent of whom are women

By 2050 population growth - from 7.2 billion to 9.6 billion

Livestock and Poverty Reduction

Growing incomes, urbanization, increased demand for animal-source foods is

projected to increase

Compared to consumption levels in 2010, by 2050 demand for:

o pork and eggs will increase by 65-70 percent;

o for beef, dairy products

o and mutton by 80-100 percent;

o and demand for poultry meat is projected to increase by 170 percent.

Why PPR?

Large share of rural households keep sheep and goats

Millions of poor will benefit from policies and investments

that foster inclusive development of the small ruminant sub sector.

The control of PPR is among the most promising investments.

Large productivity gap in the small ruminant

sector due to PPR

o Pre-weaning mortality

o Reduced productivity

o Households lose their assets because of disease

o Controlling diseases, such as PPR will positively impact

the livelihood of millions of households.

Why PPR?

Demand for small ruminant products is growing fast (FAO projections)

o Between 2000 and 2030, mutton consumption will increase by over 7 million MT

per year worldwide, with fast growth in developing countries.

o Between 2000 and 2030, mutton consumption will increase by 1.7 million MT

per year in South Asia;

o Annual increase in mutton consumption in sub-Saharan will be about 1.8 milllion

MT.

o This increase in demand will generate new opportunities for small ruminant

producers.

o Eliminating losses due to diseases will increase their competitiveness.

Role of FAO

Reduce poverty and hunger;

protect livelihoods

Sustainable development

o Promote economic growth

o Self-determination

o Diversity

o Gender equality

Improve nutrition, health,

and protect consumers

Role of FAO

194 membership; 1000’s reference centres; 100’s partners

o UN family – WHO, IAEA, UNICEF, UNHCR, ILO, UNDP,

UNEP, WTO

o NGO’s and CSO’s

Neutral forum

Policy development and guidance

Capacity Building

o Local, national, regional

o Promoting international standards

Governing Bodies on Food Security, Fisheries, Forestry,

and Agriculture/Livestock

S/SE Asia-2012

2014

LMT Category L1* N1* P1* O1* G1 B1 A1 E1 C1 F1 D1Regional

Average

Geographic location 88 99 66 77 88 66 66 88 88 44 55 75

Laboratory Budget 69 69 58 36 36 16 25 16 16 8 0 32

Basic supply 90 90 79 57 90 68 90 79 79 46 35 73

Organization 90 90 57 57 57 57 90 57 57 57 57 66

Infrastructure 57 40 38 34 34 31 42 29 27 14 7 32

Equipment 46 53 26 24 16 15 29 16 27 13 13 25

Reagent supply 58 77 45 45 45 38 45 28 26 21 21 41

Staff skills + availability 93 81 96 92 89 89 100 81 73 37 29 78

Sample accession 69 64 42 36 47 36 36 47 42 26 21 42

Available technology 61 54 60 50 58 50 43 50 30 13 13 44

Training , including IATA 81 61 48 48 41 48 41 41 41 41 41 48

Quality Assurance 87 83 62 62 67 62 56 67 51 56 56 64

Biosafety/Biosecurity 52 29 38 38 38 38 26 32 29 34 34 35

Staff Security/Health 45 56 26 15 45 26 15 45 33 15 15 30

Communication means 66 74 82 66 66 57 49 41 66 49 25 58

National lab networking 44 88 88 88 88 55 21 55 88 44 44 64

Laboratory collaboration 90 57 90 90 90 90 70 83 70 44 44 74Use of databases/platforms 64 33 58 58 50 50 50 33 33 17 17 42

Grand Total 2011 (%) 69 64 58 53 56 50 49 48 45 30 27 50

General laboratory profile (%) 83 87 67 57 70 51 63 61 61 35 33 61Infrastructure, equipment, supplies (%) 54 57 37 35 33 31 40 25 27 16 14 33Laboratory performance (%) 74 66 68 61 66 60 61 60 48 25 21 55QA,Biosafety/Biosecurity (%) 71 59 47 46 49 47 39 48 41 41 41 48Lab collaboration and networking (%) 69 61 80 76 74 66 51 55 63 38 32 60

(%)

N D M H F G C K J T B P A E I R S L O

89 56 56 56 56 67 33 89 33 56 33 22 44 33 67 22 11 33 33

89 78 67 67 78 78 67 67 33 44 67 56 50 33 33 11 11 22 0

89 78 56 89 67 67 78 89 78 67 44 56 78 33 89 56 22 33 56

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 67 100 67 100 100 100 100 100 67 67 67 33

63 50 54 83 50 58 58 63 71 67 50 42 54 42 50 29 24 38 33

61 89 72 67 50 56 61 56 42 61 61 39 56 44 28 56 40 40 33

75 83 63 75 75 71 75 79 89 71 71 58 75 63 62 75 43 38 25

83 100 79 71 75 63 67 50 83 62 75 63 71 71 71 54 58 54 21

72 67 72 50 72 72 56 72 n/d 47 61 72 72 72 17 56 50 28 17

67 59 63 56 63 48 48 56 52 50 67 48 58 52 59 48 30 30 30

67 67 62 38 43 43 38 33 38 29 29 62 33 38 33 0 10 5 29

83 88 63 63 75 100 79 63 58 54 75 63 67 67 67 21 33 0 17

80 39 56 56 33 33 44 50 47 87 33 33 22 39 33 20 56 27 22

100 44 67 33 44 22 22 22 44 33 33 56 33 33 33 0 22 0 0

83 58 67 83 67 58 75 75 67 92 50 33 58 58 83 50 58 58 17

89 33 78 n/d 78 89 83 33 n/d 78 56 78 11 44 n/d 67 56 33 0

87 60 87 53 73 53 40 47 67 53 60 87 60 33 47 40 40 33 47

83 50 58 92 75 58 67 75 33 42 50 58 17 67 17 0 17 0 25

77 68 66 64 63 61 59 59 58 58 57 55 54 52 50 38 36 29 2590 73 63 73 70 73 63 80 53 57 53 50 63 40 67 33 20 33 30

67 73 62 76 59 62 65 67 71 67 61 47 62 50 48 54 35 38 30

74 75 71 59 70 59 57 58 67 53 68 59 67 64 52 52 45 38 23

80 64 61 50 51 57 51 46 48 51 46 54 42 47 44 12 31 7 19

85 52 73 74 73 63 62 58 56 65 54 65 40 50 49 38 42 31 25

N C D A M F H K T T G B J E P R S I O L

89 67 67 78 56 78 56 78 100 100 78 67 33 56 22 44 44 67 56 33

89 89 100 67 67 78 67 67 89 89 78 89 56 33 56 56 56 33 22 11

89 89 89 78 78 78 89 89 89 89 78 44 100 56 56 78 89 89 100 33

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 67

63 67 54 67 54 58 71 63 46 46 58 58 71 46 38 38 38 50 42 33

94 78 83 72 72 56 61 72 50 50 67 67 42 50 39 53 44 28 33 39

83 100 88 88 67 79 75 83 79 79 75 75 94 63 58 58 50 54 38 33

83 100 100 88 83 79 71 71 75 75 75 71 81 79 63 46 50 71 33 33

72 83 83 78 72 61 67 83 39 39 83 72 40 78 72 63 72 17 50 28

70 59 63 56 63 67 52 63 58 58 52 74 58 56 48 41 31 59 30 26

71 71 67 57 62 62 52 52 43 43 43 43 57 57 67 10 10 33 52 5

83 88 96 83 79 83 96 67 50 50 100 88 71 83 71 46 42 67 63 8

89 72 61 67 72 61 67 61 83 83 56 50 73 61 50 44 67 33 50 28

100 56 67 67 89 56 78 44 100 100 22 56 44 33 56 67 44 33 33 0

83 83 100 67 67 67 83 83 83 83 67 75 67 67 50 67 58 83 50 58

89 78 67 22 78 78 n/d 44 78 78 89 33 44 67 78 67 89 n/d 0 33

87 47 60 67 87 80 53 67 80 80 60 60 67 47 87 53 40 47 60 33

83 83 67 75 58 75 92 75 92 92 58 58 67 75 58 58 67 17 25 0

81 78 77 71 71 70 70 69 68 68 67 66 65 61 58 49 49 48 44 2690 83 87 77 70 80 73 80 93 93 80 70 67 53 50 63 67 67 63 30

79 82 74 76 64 65 70 73 60 60 67 67 73 53 45 49 44 45 38 35

75 80 81 72 72 70 62 71 59 59 68 72 62 70 59 48 49 52 36 29

83 75 75 69 74 68 74 58 63 63 63 61 64 64 63 38 39 44 53 11

85 71 73 60 73 75 74 69 83 83 67 58 63 63 69 60 60 40 38 31

LMT Category L1* N1* P1* O1* G1 B1 A1 E1 C1 F1 D1Regional

Average

Geographic location 88 99 66 77 88 66 66 88 88 44 55 75

Laboratory Budget 69 69 58 36 36 16 25 16 16 8 0 32

Basic supply 90 90 79 57 90 68 90 79 79 46 35 73

Organization 90 90 57 57 57 57 90 57 57 57 57 66

Infrastructure 57 40 38 34 34 31 42 29 27 14 7 32

Equipment 46 53 26 24 16 15 29 16 27 13 13 25

Reagent supply 58 77 45 45 45 38 45 28 26 21 21 41

Staff skills + availability 93 81 96 92 89 89 100 81 73 37 29 78

Sample accession 69 64 42 36 47 36 36 47 42 26 21 42

Available technology 61 54 60 50 58 50 43 50 30 13 13 44

Training , including IATA 81 61 48 48 41 48 41 41 41 41 41 48

Quality Assurance 87 83 62 62 67 62 56 67 51 56 56 64

Biosafety/Biosecurity 52 29 38 38 38 38 26 32 29 34 34 35

Staff Security/Health 45 56 26 15 45 26 15 45 33 15 15 30

Communication means 66 74 82 66 66 57 49 41 66 49 25 58

National lab networking 44 88 88 88 88 55 21 55 88 44 44 64

Laboratory collaboration 90 57 90 90 90 90 70 83 70 44 44 74Use of databases/platforms 64 33 58 58 50 50 50 33 33 17 17 42

Grand Total 2011 (%) 69 64 58 53 56 50 49 48 45 30 27 50

General laboratory profile (%) 83 87 67 57 70 51 63 61 61 35 33 61Infrastructure, equipment, supplies (%) 54 57 37 35 33 31 40 25 27 16 14 33Laboratory performance (%) 74 66 68 61 66 60 61 60 48 25 21 55QA,Biosafety/Biosecurity (%) 71 59 47 46 49 47 39 48 41 41 41 48Lab collaboration and networking (%) 69 61 80 76 74 66 51 55 63 38 32 60

(%)

Regional Laboratory networking in Sub-Saharan Africa

RESOLAB-WA

EARLN

LABNET

RESOLAB-CA

Regional

Support

Laboratories

Similar in Eastern/SE Asia and South Asia … needs for Central Asia and Middle East

Dr Bernard Vallat

Director General-OIE

Global Control and Eradication Strategy

Role of the OIE

19

Global Control and Eradication Strategy

- Component 1:

Control and eradication of PPR

- Component 2:

Strengthening Veterinary Services

- Combining 3: Combining control activities with other diseases

The Progressive Step-wise Approach for the prevention and control of PPR

Fast-track procedure

Each Stage is described by the following aspects

21

Stage 1

• To gain a better epidemiological

understanding of the presence

of PPR

Stage 2

• To control both PPR clinical

disease and infection in a

specific area or production

system

Stage 3

• To achieve the eradication of

PPR from the national

territory of the country

Stage 4

• To build evidence that, after suspension of vaccination, there is no clinical disease and no virus circulation

22

Considered as the ‘Enabling Environment’

(compliance with OIE Standards

step-wise approach as well)

OIE standards on quality of VS

12 CCs

27 CCs

29 CCs

33 CCs

OIE official recognition (chapters 14.7 and 1.6)

Application for OIE endorsed PPR control programme (chapters 14.7 and 1.6)

Level 3 of OIE PVS Critical Competence

Capacity of

Veterinary Services

23

Activities

Diagnostic

Prevention and Control

Stakeholder involvement

PPR Stage

Epidemio-logical

situation

Focus of the Stage (objective

and expected results specific to this stage)

Specific objectives linked to the 5

technical elements

PPR Outcomes

and Activities

Tools (focused use in

the specific context of the

stage)

Enabling environment

and

Prevention & control of other SR diseases

Surveillance

Legal Framework

Five technical elements characterise each stage

Regional Strategies

Coordination :

• Laboratory Networks • Epidemiology Networks • Regional vaccine banks • Regional Road Map meetings

24

Global Strategies

• Global OIE-FAO governance mechanism • OIE-FAO Reference laboratory Network • International Epidemiology Network • PPR Global Research and Expertise Network

(PPR-GREN)

Monitoring and Evaluation

25

Specific tools:

• PPR Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT) • Post Vaccination Evaluation tool (PVE)

Expected results: Timelines

26

Governance of a PPR Global Control and Eradication Programme

To implement the Global Strategy

With a Joint FAO-OIE Secretariat and a Global Steering Committee

GF-TADs principles and governing bodies

• Global and Regional Steering Committees

• Specialized Working Groups

• Role of Regional Organizations, e.g.:

AU-IBAR in Africa SADC, IGAD, ECOWAS, ASEAN, SAARC…

27

Financing mechanisms

FAO OIE crossed arrangements

Joint approach to donors

FAO and OIE activities according to the strength and comparative advantages

• OIE World Animal Health and Welfare Fund (and appropriate agreements for OIE to transfer the

resources to FAO)

• FAO SFERA and other funds (and appropriate

agreements for FAO to transfer the resources to OIE)

28

Role of the OIE

• Global animal harmonised health policies and strategies,

• Quality control

• Political and technical support to prevention and control programmes

OIE activities to support PPR control and eradication

29

Disease Information and Reporting

30

OIE Standards Horizontal Chapters

- Diseases notification(1.1)

- Disease Surveillance (1.4)

- Official status and control plans (1.6)

- Evaluation of Veterinary Services (3.2)

- Veterinary legislation(3.4)

- Import risk analysis (2.1)

- Import/export procedures (5)

- Obligations related to certification (5.1) Terrestrial Animal

Health Code

31

OIE assistance to countries

Capacity building programme for Delegates

and focal points

241 Reference Laboratories 116 Diseases

and themes in 37 countries

296 Collaborating Centers 43 themes in 24 countries

32

Key principles of global animal health polices

• The recognition that prevention and control programmes against epizootic and zoonotic animal diseases and the public services in charge of implementing them are public good

• A strong Private and Public Partnership

• Improved multi disciplinary and multisectoral approaches particularly for zoonotic diseases

• A good general animal health systems governance and particularly for Veterinary Services

33

Specific PPR activities

1. PPR Disease information

2. SCAD and PPR Ad’Hoc Group

• Country status recognition

• Control Plans endorsement and maintenance

2005 to 2015

Around 70 countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia are infected

34

34 articles including :

• 5 art. on country status

• 18 articles on recommendations for importing commodities

• 1 on inactiv. of the virus

• 7 articles on surveillance

• 1 article on endorsed official control programme

Vertical Chapters OIE Standards

In OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 2012 Chapter 2.7.11. Peste des Petits Ruminants (12 p)

In OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 2014

Chapter 14.7. Peste des

Petits Ruminants

35

Conclusions

FAO-OIE partnership and complementarity

Regional and country partners

Importance of small ruminant productions in food security, poverty reduction and sustainable development

Impact of animal diseases and particularly PPR whose global eradication is achievable

Investing in Veterinary Services will have benefits on the control of animal diseases and will positively impact the livelihood of millions of households

Dr Bernard Vallat Director General

OIE

b.vallat@oie.int

Thank you

Dr Bukar Tijani Assistant Director General,

FAO

bukar.tijani@fao.org