University of Michigan College of Engineering

Dr. Anatole S. and Pamela D. Dekaban Fund

2003-04 Annual Report

Prepared by Andrzej S. Nowak

Coordinator of the Dekaban Fund

September 2004

Entrance to the Faculty of Materials Engineering Building, Warsaw University of Technology

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Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 2003-2004 Activities 4

Administrative Activity 4 Dekaban Fellowships 6

WUT Interactions with U-M 10 U-M Interactions with WUT 12

Other Related Activities 13 Dekaban Fund Advisory Council 13

Equipment Contributions 14

2004-2005 Plans and Activities to Date 15 Financial Report 17 Appendices Appendix A: Dekaban Fund Advisory Council and Program Committee Appendix B: Dekaban Fellow Profiles Appendix C: WUT Visitor Profiles

Appendix D: U-M Visitor Profiles Appendix E: Dekaban Fund Endowment Agreement Appendix F: Dekaban Fund Website Address Appendix G: Abstracts of Publications Related to U-M by the Dekaban Fellows

Executive Summary The Dekaban Fund at the University of Michigan was created in the fall of 1993 to encourage the exchange of technical knowledge between advanced academic professionals in various fields of engineering at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) in Warsaw, Poland, and at the University of Michigan (U-M) College of Engineering in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America. The donors, Dr. and Mrs. Anatole S. Dekaban, chose the University of Michigan because of its reputation in engineering and proximity to a large Polish community in metropolitan Detroit. The exchange program is coordinated by the U-M College of Engineering. As an oversight committee, the Dekaban Fund Advisory Council, composed of prominent members of the southeastern Michigan Polish community (see Appendix A), offers feedback as needed. This report covers the period of July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2004. The goal of the program is to establish closer ties between researchers at WUT and U-M through exchange of faculty, joint conferences and collaborative research projects. Since regaining independence in 1989, Poland has seen considerable improvements in engineering education and research. Cooperation with the U-M College of Engineering through the Dekaban Fund has provided, and should continue to provide, considerable help in the process of re-introducing Polish researchers to the international research community after years of isolation, as well as upgrading facilities that were sorely neglected under Communist rule. Warsaw University of Technology is a prime international partner of the U-M College of Engineering. During academic year 2003-04, the eleventh year of the fund, the major forms of collaboration continued to be the Dekaban fellowships, faculty visits, and the shipment of computer equipment. The dean and associate dean of the U-M College of Engineering visited WUT in July 2003, and the rector (president) and vice rector (vice president) of WUT visited U-M in October 2003. There are currently three active computer centers at WUT equipped with workstations and personal computers provided by the Dekaban Fund. Additional equipment was shipped to WUT in June 2004. Note: The website address for the Dekaban Fund includes a description of each program (see Appendix F).

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2003-2004 Activities Administrative Activity Stanislaw Jemiolo Associate Professor Jemiolo (WUT, Civil Engineering, and former Dekaban Fellow) served as coordinator of WUT’s Finite Element Analysis Computing Center. Stanislaw Mankowski Stanislaw Mankowski, rector of WUT and professor of Environmental Engineering, visited U-M in October 2004. Professor Mankowski and Stephen Director, the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering at U-M, signed an updated agreement on the cooperation and exchange between U-M and WUT.

Signing of an agreement by WUT Rector Stanislaw Mankowski (front left) and the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering at U-M, Stephen Director (front right)

Back row: U-M Associate Dean for Graduate Education Stella Pang and WUT Vice Rector Piotr Wolanski

Andrzej Nowak As coordinator of the Dekaban Fund, Andrzej Nowak, U-M professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), met with the Dekaban Ad Hoc Academic Program Committee, Rector Stanislaw Mankowski and Vice Rectors Lech Czarnecki and Piotr Wolanski to discuss the development of the exchange program and select future Dekaban Fellows.

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Stella Pang Associate Dean for Graduate Education, Stella Pang (U-M, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science) serves as Michigan’s chief administrative officer overseeing the international programs and the Dekaban Fund. Thaddeus Radzilowski In February 2004, Dr. Radzilowski, president of the PIAST Institute, visited U-M and met with Professor Andrzej Nowak and three of the Dekaban Fellows: Marek Rebow, Slawomir Swillo, and Aleksander Szwed. Dr. Radzilowski, chair of the Dekaban Fund Advisory Council, was accompanied by Drs. Anna Bielinska and Karen Majewski, also members of the council, and Virginia Skrzyniarz, Secretary of the PIAST Institute. Wladyslaw Wlosinski Professor Wlosinski (WUT, Production Engineering), member of the Dekaban Ad Hoc Academic Program Committee at WUT, is also chair of the Engineering Division, Polish Academy of Sciences. Piotr Wolanski Professor Wolanski (WUT, Power and Aeronautical Engineering) is vice rector (vice president) for Research of WUT, responsible for International Programs. His role at WUT correlates to Associate Dean Stella Pang’s level of responsibility for the Dekaban Fund at U-M. Professor Wolanski presides as the ex-officio chair of the Dekaban Ad Hoc Academic Program Committee at WUT.

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Dekaban Fellowships Dekaban Fellowships are a key element of the Dekaban Fund program, giving participants an opportunity to extend their network of contacts and perform research on cooperative projects to a degree not possible during shorter visits. Moreover, these U-M trained fellows have begun to play a visible role at WUT. So far, 18 Dekaban Fellows have completed their research program at U-M. Following is a brief introduction to the past year’s fellowship recipients.

Dekaban Fellows Marek Rebow and Aleksander Szwed with Stella Pang and Andrzej Nowak

Marek Rebow Marek Rebow, a Dekaban fellow since August 2003, is a visiting assistant research scientist in the U-M Department of Mechanical Engineering and an assistant professor in the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering at WUT. While in Ann Arbor, he was hosted by Steven Ceccio, professor, Mechanical Engineering. His research has focused primarily on the examination of extremely elongated cavitation bubbles through experiments and numerical simulation. The obtained experimental results will be useful for the validation of the numerical code. This research has applications in various fields ranging from naval architecture (hydrofoils and propeller blades) to biomedical science and aerospace technology. In August 2004, Ceccio, Rebow and PhD student Jaeyeong Choi, along with Drs. Chahine and Choi from Dynaflow Inc., presented the results of their analysis, documented in the paper, “Experimental Validation of BEM Code Analysis of Bubble Splitting in a Tip Vortex Flow,” at the 11th International Symposium on Flow

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Visualization at the University of Notre Dame. In addition, the paper will be submitted for publication in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics. In Poland, Rebow taught courses in heat transfer and thermodynamics at the WUT Institute of Heat Engineering. In preparation for Poland’s 2004 entry to the European Union, he began teaching some subjects in English, an ambitious challenge for both Rebow and his students. When asked how the Dekaban Fellowship and his experience at the University of Michigan have impacted his work, Rebow cited the many resources the University offers. It has enabled him to broaden his scientific area of study to include cavitation. More specifically, new equipment and advanced technologies have facilitated his experiments and access to the wealth of information in books, papers and journals in the library has allowed him to learn about other studies that impact his research. The Dekaban Fellowship has benefited Rebow’s family as well. Rebow and his wife, a biologist, live in Ann Arbor with their two sons, ages 7 and 2. Together, they have traveled to New York City, Niagara Falls, Chicago, and northern Michigan, including the Upper Peninsula. They have been impressed by the hospitality they have experienced in the United States and have made many friends from different cultures. Rebow’s oldest son attended elementary school in Ann Arbor and has made much progress in learning the English language. He also has participated in many sports while in Ann Arbor. After completion of his appointment in Ann Arbor, Rebow will broaden his scientific career and take a two-year postdoctoral position in Ireland at the University College Dublin related to “Development of Microgravity Facilities for TiAl Solidification” and supported by the European Space Agency. This position provides a tremendous opportunity to collaborate with other research partners from Europe. The research he completed at the College of Engineering was very helpful in securing this opportunity. As he prepares for this next step in his career, Rebow wishes to express his gratitude to Steven Ceccio, Andrzej Nowak and his wife Jolanta, and his PhD student, Piotr Podhorecki, all whom have been a tremendous help to him and his family. He leaves with a reflection on this quote by French mathematician Henri Poincaré which defines Rebow’s passion for his work: "The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful. If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth knowing, life would not be worth living."

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Marek Rebow Aleksander Szwed Aleksander Szwed is an assistant professor in the Institute of Structural Mechanics, and a faculty member of the Department of Civil Engineering at Warsaw University of Technology. He completed his stay at U-M in February 2004. He was involved in a research program supervised by Andrzej S. Nowak, professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He worked on numerical analysis of non-composite and composite curved bridges, analysis and testing of post-tensioned concrete bridges, and calibration of AASHTO LRFD code for design of bridge substructures. He developed advanced finite element method (FEM) procedures for the analysis of bridges. The Michigan Department of Transportation, the Florida Department of Transportation, and the Transportation Research Board sponsored his research project.

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Aleksander Szwed

From left: Andrzej Nowak, Tomasz Lewinski and Aleksander Szwed review the program of the joint U-M and WUT workshop.

Szwed’s work in Poland focused primarily on the strength of materials, the theory of elasticity and plasticity continuum mechanics, and numerical methods in mechanics. He also participated in projects that dealt with the analysis of steel and concrete structures, constitutive modeling of metals, and concrete and soils. His special interests, however, involve numerical analysis of engineering structures, computer-aided design of engineering structures, damage mechanics, and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. When asked about his impressions of the University of Michigan and the United States in general, Szwed replied, “We are able to work under such excellent working conditions, and I find the American people to be so polite and helpful. Receiving this fellowship has afforded me the opportunity to engage in new experiences in the application and practice of scientific research. I am looking forward to applying my U.S. experiences in Poland.”

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Szwed had the opportunity to travel throughout the state of Michigan as well as Chicago, Las Vegas, New York, Orlando, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. He visited Niagara Falls as well as Grand Canyon National Park and hopes to see San Francisco and Yellowstone National Park before returning to Poland. His personal interests are meteorology, modern physics and soccer. WUT Interactions with U-M Michal Kleiber Michal Kleiber, Polish Minister of Science (alumnus of WUT), visited U-M in March 2004. He met with Stephen Director, the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering, and Stella Pang, associate dean for Graduate Education. He also discussed the U-M involvement in the research and educational component of the offset agreement between Lockheed Martin and the Polish government.

From left: Piotr Podhorecki (PhD student), Marek Rebow (Dekaban Fellow), Andrzej Nowak, Maria Kaszynska (Visiting Scholar), Michal Kleiber,

Maria Szerszen (CEE), Radoslaw Michalowski (CEE), Artur Czarnecki (PhD Student)

Stanislaw Mankowski and Piotr Wolanski WUT Rector Stanislaw Mankowski and Vice-Rector Piotr Wolanski visited the U-M in the October of 2003. They met with Stephen Director, the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering, and Stella Pang, associate dean for Graduate Education. They visited the Departments of Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. They also met with the Dekaban Fellows and Polish doctoral students.

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Nik Katopodes, chair, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanislaw Mankowski and Piotr Wolanski

Stanislaw Mankowski and Jeremy Semrau (CEE) Maciej Szafarczyk Professor Maciej Szafarczyk (WUT, Faculty of Production Engineering) visited U-M in August 2003. He met with Professor Yoram Koren and Dr. Zbigniew Pasek from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at U-M. Piotr Wolanski In addition to his visit to U-M with the WUT Rector in October of 2003, Vice Rector Wolanski visited U-M in July 2004. He met with the representatives of the Tauber Manufacturing Institute to discuss a joint participation of U-M and WUT in the research and educational component of the offset agreement between Lockheed-Martin and the Polish government. Tomasz Lewinski

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Professor Tomasz Lewinski (WUT, Institute of Engineering Mechanics) visited U-M in August 2004. He met with Professor Nick Triantaffilidis (Aerospace Engineering), John Taylor (Aerospace Engineering), Sherif E-Tawil (CEE), Jim Wight (CEE), Gustavo Parra (CEE), and Jerry Lynch (CEE) at U-M. U-M Interactions with WUT Stephen Director and Stella Pang Stephen Director, the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering, Stella Pang, associate dean for Graduate Education, and Andrzej Nowak, coordinator of the Dekaban Program, visited WUT in July 2003. They met with Rector Stanislaw Mankowski and Vice Rector Piotr Wolanski, as well as faculty at the Faculty of Electronics. They also visited the Gdansk University of Technology.

From left: Piotr Wolanski, Stanislaw Mankowski, Stephen Director, Stella Pang, and Andrzej Nowak

Gustavo Parra, Will Hansen, Antoine Naaman, Andrzej Nowak and Maria Szerszen Gustavo Parra, Will Hansen, Antoine Naaman, Andrzej Nowak and Maria Szerszen attended a National Science Foundation-sponsored Workshop on Materials and Structures held from May 17-20, 2004, in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland. The objective was to review the current research programs, identify the most suitable topics for collaborative research, and prepare a background for joint proposals. Andrzej Nowak Nowak visited WUT several times during the reported period. On March 6 and April 27, 2004, he had meetings with the Dekaban Committee, Vice President Lech Czarnecki, and Grzegorz Jemielita, chair of the Faculty of Civil Engineering. He also visited other institutions including the Polish Academy of Sciences.

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From October 2004–January 2004, Professor Nowak taught a course on Reliability of Structures at WUT, to a class of approximately 70 masters level students. The basic material was presented in four two-day sessions, and the additional lectures were presented by Dr. Ewa Szeliga (WUT Institute of Structural Mechanics). The course was taught in a way similar to U-M practice, that is considerably different from WUT courses. Course evaluations confirmed a very positive reception of the new approach by the students. WUT is interested in continuation of the course in the semester starting in February 2005. Maria Szerszen Assistant Research Scientist Szerszen (U-M, Civil and Environmental Engineering) continued her involvement in the Dekaban Program. She assisted with organization of various Dekaban Program activities. Other Related Activites Warsaw University of Technology is considered a prime international partner of the U-M College of Engineering. The College grants several tuition waivers to exchange students from key institutions. During the last academic year, a tuition waiver was offered to Arthur Czarnecki, a student from WUT who began his doctoral studies at U-M. Former Dekaban Fellows at WUT created a webpage for the Dekaban program. The address is http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~rogaj/dekaban/. . Dekaban Fund Advisory Council The Dekaban Advisory Council, chaired by President Thaddeus Radzilowski, visited the University of Michigan on February 2, 2004. The Council members met with Associate Dean Stella Pang and Andrzej Nowak, U-M Coordinator of the Dekaban Program, to discuss the Dekaban program at U-M. They also met with the two Dekaban Fellows, Marek Rebow, and Aleskander Szwed.

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Meeting of Stella Pang and Andrzej Nowak with the Dekaban Council and Dekaban Fellows in February 2004

Equipment Contributions In May-June 2004, Dekaban Fellows helped pack and ship 23 monitors to Warsaw. The equipment is intended for use in WUT’s Production Engineering and Structural Mechanics Computer Lab. The computers were acquired from U-M’s Computer-Aided Engineering Network and represent a continuing commitment to enhance teaching and learning materials and technologies.

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Computer lab at WUT Faculty of Production Engineering with computer equipment donated by the Dekaban Program

Computer lab at WUT Institute of Structural Mechanics with computer equipment donated by the Dekaban Program

2004-2005 Plans and Activities to Date The Dekaban Fellowships remain the most important aspect of this exchange and cooperation program. Dr. Ewa Szeliga (WUT, Institute of Structural Mechanics) was nominated to become a Dekaban Fellow and started her research work at U-M on August

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1, 2004. She will stay in Ann Arbor until February 2005. Nominations for an additional Dekaban Fellow are expected for the 2004-05 academic year. Professor Nik Katopodes, chair of the U-M Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, is planning to visit WUT Faculty of Environmental Engineering in October 2004. He will be accompanied by Assistant Professor Anna Michalak (CEE). U-M College of Engineering provided travel support for a joint U-M and WUT workshop on modeling mechanical properties of bone. The workshop was held in August 2004 in Warsaw. The U-M participants included Tony Waas (Aerospace Engineering), Christian Lastostkie (CEE and Biomedical Engineering), and Andrzej Nowak (CEE). Michael Flynn (Electrical Engineering and Computer Science) attended a conference on Analytical Forum in July, 2004, in Warsaw. He was invited as a keynote speaker. Andrzej Nowak (U-M) and Ewa Szeliga (WUT) will jointly teach a course on Reliability of Structures at WUT during the second semester of the 2004-05 academic year. The course will be offered to masters and doctoral students. Another shipment of computer equipment is planned for this year.

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Appendices Appendix A Dekaban Fund Advisory Council and Program Committee

Dekaban Council Members, from left: Anna Bielinska, Thaddeus Radzilowski, Karen Majewski and PIAST Secretary Virginia Skrzyniarz

Dekaban Fund Advisory Council Dr. Anna Bielinska Research Investigator, University of Michigan School of Medicine 1652 Golden Lane Ypsilanti, MI 48198 (734) 487-8623 Mr. Joe Bransky 3816 Autumn Drive Huron, OH 44839 Dr. Karen Majewski Executive Director, Polish American Historical Association The Orchard Lake Schools 3535 Indian Trail Orchard Lake, MI 48324 (248) 683-1743

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Dekaban Fund Advisory Council, Continued Hon. James Nowicki Probate Judge, Macomb County 39564 Cadborough Clinton Township, MI 48038 (810) 469-7149 Mr Richard Prusinski 1726 S. Hill Blvd Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304 Dr. Thaddeus C. Radzilowski, Chair President, PIAST Institute 2926 Caniff Ave, Hamtramck MI 48212. 313-664-0321, fax 313-664-0326 Dekaban Ad Hoc Academic Program Committee Warsaw University of Technology Piotr Wolanski, chair, ex-officio Maciej Jarosz Wojciech Radomski Wladyslaw Wlosinski Dekaban Program Coordinator (U-M College of Engineering) Andrzej Nowak

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Appendix B

Dekaban Fellow Profiles Name: Marek Rebow Institution: Warsaw University of Technology Department of Power and Aeronautical Engineering Institute of Heat Engineering Thermodynamics Division Tittle: Assistant Professor Address: ul. Korsykanska 7 m 19 02-761 Warsaw POLAND Phone: (+48 22) 660-52-09 Fax: (48-22) 825-52-70 E-mail: rebow@itc.pw.edu.pl Education: Warsaw University of Technology, MSc ’90, PhD ’01 Research Interests: experimental and numerical study of the phase

change phenomena (solidification) and two-phase flow (cavitation), vortex flow, flow visualization techniques (PIV, PIT), numerical fluid flow and heat transfer (FLUENT, NASTRAN), validation, thermodynamics

Dekaban Fund Activity: Dekaban Fellow from September 2003 to September

2004

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Dekaban Fellow Profiles

Name: Aleksander Szwed

Institution: Warsaw University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Structural Mechanics Title: Assistant Professor Address: ul. Ksiazkowa 9D, m. 912

03-134 Warsaw Poland

Phone: (+48 22) 660-6516

Fax: (+48 22) 825-6985

E-Mail: a.szwed@il.pw.edu.pl Education: Warsaw University of Technology, MSc ’92,

PhD ’00

Research Interests: Numerical analysis and computer-aided design of engineering structures, theory of elasticity and plasticity, damage mechanics, continuum mechanics, thermodynamics of irreversible processes

Dekaban Fund Activity: Dekaban Fellow from March 2001 to October 2003

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Appendix C WUT Visitor Profiles Name: Maciej Szafarczyk Institution: Faculty of Production Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Title: Professor Address: ul. Asfaltowa 2 m 27, 02-527 Warsaw, Poland Phone: 4822 849 93 90 or +48 601 212 007 Fax: +4822 849 02 85 E-Mail: m.szafarczyk@cim.pw.edu.pl Education: MSc, PhD Warsaw University of Technology Research Interests: Automatic control in manufacture, monitoring

and automatic supervision, reconfigurable machine tools

Dekaban Fund Activity: Visited U-M in August 2003. Attended a conference

organized by U-M.

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WUT Visitor Profiles Name: Maria Kaszynska Institution: Technical University of Szczecin, Poland Title: Assistant Professor Address: Wydzial Budownictwa i Arch.

Al. Piastow 50 70-311 Szczecin, Poland Phone: 48 91 449-4777 Fax: 48 91 449-4369 E-Mail: mkasz@ps.pl Education: PhD (Technical Sciences), 1989, Technical University of

Szczecin, Poland MS (Structural Engineering), 1977, Technical University of Szczecin, Poland

Research Interests: Materials Engineering, concrete technology Dekaban Fund Activity: Visited U-M, collaborated with the Dekaban Fellows,

coordinated research program for WUT graduate students at U-M.

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Appendix D U-M Visitor Profiles Name: Will Hansen Institution: University of Michigan

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Title: Professor Address: 2330 G. G. Brown Building

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 Phone: (734) 763-9660 Fax: (734) 764-4292 E-Mail: whansen@umich.edu Education: MS, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby PhD, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Research Interests: Mechanics of concrete materials, pavement analysis and

design Dekaban Program Activity: Attended a workshop on concrete materials and

structures held from May 17-20, 2004, in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland.

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U-M Visitor Profiles Name: Antoine E. Naaman Institution: University of Michigan

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Title: Professor Address: 2378 G. G. Brown Building

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 Phone: (734) 764-1812 Fax: (734) 764-4292 E-Mail: naaman@umich.edu Education: MS 1970, PhD 1972, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Research Interests: Structures and materials Dekaban Fund Activity: Attended a workshop on concrete materials and structures

held from May 17-20, 2004, in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland.

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U-M Visitor Profiles Name: Andrzej Nowak Institution: University of Michigan

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Title: Professor Address: 2370 G. G. Brown Building

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 Phone: (734) 764-9299 Fax: (734) 764-4292 E-Mail: nowak@engin.umich.edu Education: Warsaw University of Technology, MSc ’70, PhD ’75 Research Interests: Structural reliability; bridge structures; code optimization;

human error Dekaban Fund Activity: Dekaban Fund coordinator; faculty visitor to WUT; taught a

course on Reliability of Structures at WUT in October 2003 to January 2004. Attended a workshop on concrete materials and structures held from May 17-20, 2004, in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland.

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U-M Visitor Profiles

Name: Gustavo Parra-Montesinos Institution: University of Michigan

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Title: Asst. Professor Address: 2380 G. G. Brown Building

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 Phone: (734) 764-6576 Fax: (734) 764-4292 E-Mail: gjpm@umich.edu Education: PhD (Civil Engineering), 2000, University of Michigan

MS (Civil Engineering), 1997, University of Michigan BS in Civil Engineering, 1994, Universidad Metropolitana, Venezuela

Research Interests: Seismic behavior and design of reinforced concrete, fiber

reinforced concrete and composite steel-concrete members and structures

Dekaban Fund Activity: Attended a workshop on concrete materials and

structures held from May 17-20, 2004, in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland.

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U-M Visitor Profiles Name: Maria Szerszen Institution: University of Michigan College of Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Title: Assistant Research Scientist Address: 2372 G. G. Brown Building

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 Phone: (734) 764-4462 Fax: (734) 764-4292 E-Mail: mariasz@umich.edu Education: Cracow University of Technology, MSc ’78, PhD ’93

Research Interests: Concrete structures, fatigue of concrete, bridge structures Dekaban Fund Activity: Assisted in the planning of the Dekaban Program activities;

coordinated the activities for the Dekaban Fellows. Attended a workshop on concrete materials and structures held from May 17-20, 2004, in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland.

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Appendix E Dekaban Fund Endowment Agreement

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Appendix F Dekaban Fund Website Address The Web address for the Dekaban Program at the University of Michigan is http://www.engin.umich.edu/ipe/intpartners/warsaw.html and at the Warsaw University of Technology, it is http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~rogaj/dekaban/.

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Appendix G Abstracts of Publications Related to U-M by the Dekaban Fellows ________________________________________________________________________

EFFECT OF FREE VIBRATION ON CRACKING IN DECK SLABS OF GIRDER BRIDGES

Kwaśniewski L., Szerszen M. M., Nowak A. S., XLVII Konferencja Naukowa Komitetu Inżynierii Lądowej i Wodnej PAN i Komitetu

Nauki PZITB, Krynica, September 2001

Summary The objective of the paper is to investigate the relationship between the free vibration and the crack patterns in the concrete deck slabs of girder bridges. The results of the field inspections are compared with the numerical simulation conducted using developed FE model. The first two eigenmodes, received from frequency extraction analysis, are used to approximate the deflections of the bridge during free vibration. To obtain absolute values of strains, perturbation values of displacements are first normalized so that the maximum displacement has the magnitude equal to 20% of the maximum static value. Next, the received displacements are applied in the static analysis, as fixed displacements at nodal points. Calculated contours of the longitudinal strains show the correlation with observed cracks, which are dominantly transverse and appear on the top surface. _______________________________________________________________________

AN ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF STABILITY CRITERIA FOR BEAMS IN UNREINFORCED MOMENT CONNECTIONS

Stojadinovic B., Goel S., Kwaśniewski L., Proceedings of Structural Stability Research Council (SSRC) Annual Technical Session

and Meeting, pages 89-108, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, May 9 - 12, 2001

Summary Many tests on various fully-restrained and bolted moment connections have been done since the 1994 Northridge earthquake to find a better way to design such connections. It has been demonstrated that brittle connection fracture can be avoided by changing the connection configuration using a rational design approach and by using notch-tough weld metal together with improved welding practice to make the connection welds. Tests on such well-designed connections show that their rotation capacity is limited by the onset of local or global instability. Three limit states for typical SAC connection specimens are:

1. Initiation of local flange or web buckling; 2. Initiation of global lateral-torsional buckling of the beam or the column; and 3. Severe global lateral-torsional buckling of the entire specimen.

The following observations about these limit states are based on the 21 connection tests conducted at the University of Michigan using the SAC Test Protocol (Stojadinovic, et.al., 2000). Yielding of all specimens occurred at drift of approximately 1%. Variations of relative beam and column size induce small variations of measured yield drifts, well bellow the accuracy afforded by the methods for determining the yield point. Initiation of

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local flange or web buckling occurred during the 2% drift cycles (corresponding to approximately 0.01 radian plastic rotation). Global lateral-torsional buckling of the beam started during the 3% drift cycles (0.02 radian plastic rotation). Before beam lateral-torsional buckling occurred, both flanges were able to sustain a few cycles of local buckling in compression followed by complete flange straightening in tension. Lateral-torsional buckling of the beam invariably occurred in the displacement cycle following the failure to completely straighten out a flange local buckle. Severe lateral-torsional buckling of the entire specimen occurred during the 4% or 5% drift cycles, depending on the specimen. It was characterized by progressively increasing out-of-plane deformation of the specimen and a marked drop of specimen resistance, often by more than 20% of the maximum resistance recorded in the test. Such out-of-plane deformation could not be restrained even by two levels of competent lateral restraints positioned well within the lateral restrain spacing limits suggested by the AISC Code. Out-of-plane deformation of the specimens imposed highly undesirable lateral loading on the actuator and was the reason for terminating a number of tests before fracturing the specimens. A note must be made about the restrains imposed on the beam in the typical exterior connection setup used in these tests and in a real building. In a building, local buckling of the top beam flange as well as lateral-torsional buckling of the beam is restrained by the floor slab. Furthermore, axial deformations of the beam are prevented by the floor slab and the columns. In the test setup, the beam is free to shorten as it buckles. Thus, in a building, beam flanges may buckle with somewhat smaller amplitude and will be more likely to straighten out when in tension after they buckle in compression. ________________________________________________________________________

FEM ANALYSIS OF INSTABILITY PROBLEM FOR STEEL MOMENT CONNECTIONS,

Kwaśniewski L., Międzynarodowe Sympozjum „Węzły podatne w konstrukcjach metalowych i

zespolonych”, Warszawa, November 2000

Summary This paper presents a 3D finite-element analysis of an inelastic, instability problem for beam-to-column connection, as a part of a moment-resisting frame under typical lateral loading. Three examples of experimentally tested, unreinforced steel moment connections for wide-flange beams and columns are studied. To simulate the accurate response of the element, the Riks method is applied using non-linear relations with respect to both material and geometry. An eigenvalue analysis of the finite element model was conducted first to find the buckling modes. Then, geometrical imperfections are taken into account in the Riks analysis as a linear combination of the first three buckling modes. Some connection details such as bolts and welds are not taken into account in the FEM models. Calculated results are presented as the force-rotation push-over curves, the failure modes and the contour plots of Mises stress showing yield zones. Presented results show that FEM modeling can effectively simulate the response of an actual structure. _______________________________________________________________________

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SENSIVITY ANALYSIS FOR SLAB-ON-GIRDER BRIDGES

Kwaśniewski, L., Szerszen, M. M., Nowak A. S. ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability,

Dayton USA, July 2000 Summary Paper presents a sensitivity analysis for reliability assessment of short-span and medium–span slab on girder bridges. The study was carried out using the finite element method. It was found that the following parameters influence the bridge structural reliability; live load, material data, boundary conditions for the girders, and interaction between girders and the deck slab (composite action). The developed FE models are calibrated using the available field measurements of strains and deflections for girders. It was found, that boundary condition for girders is the important factor and it is difficult to model. Partial constrains were simulated using special spring elements. ________________________________________________________________________

INITIAL OPTIMIZATION OF SELF-PIERCING RIVETING PROCESS BY MEANS OF FEM

Robert Cacko, Piotr Czyżewski, Andrzej Kocańda Paper to be presented on the 10th International Conference on Metal Forming 2004, and subsequently published in a special edition of the journal “STEEL GRIPS”. Summary Although SPR – Self Piercing Riveting as a joining technique of sheets constantly increases its importance, especially in the automotive industry, there is still lack of analytical description of mechanism of forming a joint. The reason is very simple: it is very difficult to get insight into the joint during forming process and following that evaluate how stress field develops. The only way to analyze SPR joint during forming is to perform physical or/and numerical modeling. However the problem is not trivial because of high level of localized deformation combined with material fracture. In detail, there are some unknown parameters exist like moment of separation of upper sheet. These effects significantly influence reliability of both analytical techniques. So far, preliminary simulations have been carried out using simple assumptions but without or with limited relation to real processes. Hence stress field after unloading, which determines strength of a joint, still remains generally unknown. In this paper initial trials carried out to optimize the SPR process using simple algorithms implemented into commercial FEM codes are presented. Optimization of the FEM model refer to both real shape of a joint and force history. Basing on They are to be the beginnig to implement more sophisticated model taking into account complex stress state in the joint and relation with material separation. So far the criteria of upper sheet thickness before separation Commercial FEM codes: Abaqus and MSC/Marc-Mentat are used for the SPR process simulation. ________________________________________________________________________

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EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF BEM CODE ANALYSIS OF BUBBLE SPLITTING

IN A TIP VORTEX FLOW

M. Rebow, J. Choi, J.-K. Choi, G.L. Chahine, S.L. Ceccio 1University of Michigan, W.E. Lay Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

2Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665 Warsaw, POLAND 3DYNAFLOW, INC., 10621-J Iron Bridge Road, Jessup, MD 20794, USA

11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FLOW VISUALIZATION August 9-12, 2004, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA

Keywords: Non-spherical bubble dynamics, Tip vortex cavitation, Code validation,

Stereo PIV

Summary The growth and collapse of a cavitation bubble within the core of a line vortex is examined experimentally and numerically. This paper presents some preliminary results. A steady line vortex is formed downstream of a hydrofoil mounted in the test section of the U-M 9-Inch Water Tunnel. A laser is used to initiate a nucleus in the core of the vortex. This nucleus grows and collapses as it experiences a reduction and recovery of the local static pressure. This pressure change is produced when the vortical flow in the test section passes through a reduction in area. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the axial velocity and average tangential velocity of the tip vortex. Images of the bubble’s growth, deformation and splitting are captured with a pulse-synchronize camera. The results are then compared with those obtained with the boundary element method (BEM) code 2DYNAFS _, which describes large free surface deformations in an axisymmetric potential flow to validate the extreme deformations and splitting model of the bubble. The experimentally observed and numerically predicted bubble dynamics are compared. ________________________________________________________________________

APPLICATION OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCM) TO STABILIZE

THE TEMPERATURE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Maciej Jaworski Summary Results of experimental investigation of cooling of electronics devices, especially PC processors, were summarized in the paper presented during XVII Symposium of Heat and Mass Transfer, Poland, June 2004. Experiments were performed on a special set-up, which consists of electric heater as a model of PC processor, temperature sensors, power supplier and power-meters. Thermal behavior of the electronic device under condition of rapid increase of the heat load or shut-down of active cooling system (fan) was the main subject of the work. Several tests were performed, in each case join temperature of the processor after shut down of the fun was measured. The rate of temperature increase during that period is the crucial factor from the point of view of safe operation of

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electronic equipment. It is obvious that the higher heat capacity of cooling system (radiator) the later temperature of the processor reaches its safe limit. Heat capacity of the radiator can be increased simply by enlargement of its mass, or through application of phase change material (PCM). It was shown that using only a small amount of PCM of proper thermophysical properties (about 3% of mass) heat capacity of cooling system can be increased substantially (more than 40%). Significant improvement of cooling system was accomplished by simple modification of typical radiator used in PC’s – small containers filled with PCM were mounted to both sides of the radiator. ________________________________________________________________________

DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE FACTORS FOR DESIGN OF

ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS ACCORDING AMERICAN ACI 318 CODE

A. Szwed, M.M. Szerszeń, A.S. Nowak

50th Scientific Conference of Civil and Environmental Engineering Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences and Scientific Committee of Polish Association of Civil Engineers,

"KRYNICA 2004", 12-17.09.2004 Krynica, Poland Abstract Paper presents the reliability analysis of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns. The analysis was performed according to ACI 318 code provisions for possible change of resistance factors. Change of the load model in the code, and new statistical parameters for reinforcing steel and concrete are utilized in estimation of resistance factors. New closed-form sectional resistance formulas were used in development of the new limit state function for reliability analysis. The proposed approach allows for creation of reliability surface covering all design cases, from axial compression to pure flexure. Several concrete strengths, reinforcement ratios and cross-sections were investigated. Plots of obtained resistance factor versus load eccentricity and load combinations were prepared. Influence of basic parameters was discussed and conclusions were drawn from the analysis. The results serve as a basis for selection of new resistance factors for reinforced concrete columns. ________________________________________________________________________

RESISTANCE AND LIMIT STATE FUNCTIONS FOR

ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS;

M.M. Szerszen, A. Szwed, A.S. Nowak;

ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL, 2005 Abstract The paper presents the development of closed-form formulas for the ultimate limit state functions for eccentrically loaded short reinforced concrete columns. Moment vs. compressive force interaction diagram is derived as a function of eccentricity, section

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geometry and material properties. The behavior of concrete and reinforcing steel is modeled according to ACI 318-02. The formulas for resistance are derived based on the sectional force equilibrium and strain compatibility. The resulting closed-form solutions for column resistance are used as input for numerical simulations and the reliability analysis. Rectangular cross sections are considered with two reinforcement layers. The interaction diagram is subdivided into segments depending on the mode of failure, from the ideal axial compression, through pure flexure, including the various cases of strain in reinforcing steel. Two types of section are considered depending on size of the cross section. ________________________________________________________________________

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS;

ACI Structural Journal, 2005 M.M. Szerszen, A. Szwed, A.S. Nowak

Abstract Paper presents the reliability analysis for eccentrically loaded RC columns, based on new improved statistical data for materials. The strength limit state functions were developed for the reinforced rectangular columns in the companion paper, depending on the cross section size, reinforcement ratio and load eccentricity. The calculations are performed for for cast-in-place and plant cast columns made of ordinary concrete and high strength concrete. The statistical parameters of resistance are calculated using Monte Carlo simulations, using the developed closed-form solutions. Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the design parameters that have the highest influence on the reliability index. Reliability surfaces are developed as a function of load ratio and normalized load eccentricity or tensile strain in steel. The required strength reduction factor is calculated for a predetermined target reliability index. The strength reduction factor for RC columns is proposed depending on the reinforcement ratio. ________________________________________________________________________

RELIABILITY MODELS FOR BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES

9th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability; July 26-28, 2004, Albuquerque, New Mexico, CD.

A. Szwed, A.S. Nowak, F. ASCE, J.L. Withiam Abstract The paper objective is to develop a reliability analysis procedure for retaining walls and bridge abutments, and apply it to determine the relationship between the major design parameters and reliability index. The load components include dead load, vertical and horizontal earth pressure, surcharge, and live load. Three limit states are considered: bearing capacity of the soil, sliding and overturning. The most important parameter in the reliability analysis is the effective stress friction angle of the soil. The reliability indices are calculated using Monte Carlo simulations for a typical retaining wall and a typical bridge abutment. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that reliability index is most sensitive with regard to resistance factor and horizontal earth pressure. ________________________________________________________________________

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RELIABILITY-BASED SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF

R/C COLUMNS RESISTANCE 9th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural

Reliability; July 26-28, 2004, Albuquerque, New Mexico, CD. M.M. Szerszen, A.S. Nowak, A. Szwed

Abstract Paper presents the reliability analysis of RC columns subjected to eccentric load. Reliability analysis includes new load model according to ACI 318-02 “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete” provisions, and is based on new statistical parameters for materials (concrete and reinforcing steel). Developed closed-form sectional resistance formulas for eccentrically loaded columns are used in reliability analysis. Moment-compressive force interaction curve is described for sections depending on the mode of material failure. The proposed approach allows for creation of uniform reliability surface covering all design cases, from axial compression to pure flexure. In that way, reliability index can be expressed in terms of eccentricity of load or tensile strains in reinforcement. This approach can serve as a better basis for selection of new resistance factors for analyzed columns. ________________________________________________________________________

BRAZING OF ALUMINA CERAMICS BY PULSED PLASMA BEAMS

COMBINED WITH ARC PVD TREATMENT Vacuum, vol.70, nr 2/3, p. 307-312, 2003

J. Piekoszewski, A. Krajewski, J. Senkara, J. Stanisławski, L. Waliś, W. Włosiński Abstract

A new method of preparing alumina ceramic surface for brazing it to kovar with conventional Ag-Cu eutectic brazes is presented. The key concept of this approach relays upon formation of two sub-layers on the ceramic surface: 1) thin (in nm scale) layer of TiOx using pulse plasma beams, and 2) thicker (about 2µm) layer of TiOx or metallic Ti using arc PVD technique. Grazing angle X-ray diffraction (GXRD) analysis shows the first layer most likely consists of Ti7O13, whereas the other is either Ti2O, or metallic Ti – depending on the deposition conditions. Commercial housings of semiconductor diodes have been used as the samples. Brazed housings were tested in routine industrial conditions. The ultimate tensile strength of joints reaches the average value of 90 MPa. Vacuum tightness is better than 5x10-6 mbar·l/s. Both these parameters are sufficient to pass the production requirements.