Dr. Althea Rodriguez Arenajo. Copper, Silver and Gold are the members of this family The group was...
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Transcript of Dr. Althea Rodriguez Arenajo. Copper, Silver and Gold are the members of this family The group was...
Copper, Silver and Gold are the members of this family
The group was named because they have been employed for ornamental
and coinage purposes They are closely related with nickel,
palladium and platinum The following are the properties of the
metals:
COINAGE METALS
1. Occur free in nature and are easily recovered from their compounds
2. Are low in the electromotive series, not very active chemically, displaced by most metals
3. Oxides and hydroxides are feebly basic (except Ag2O)
4. The halides are nearly insoluble in water (except Ag)
COINAGE METALS
5. Copper and Gold have 2 series, Silver has 1
6. All of them form complex ions7. Copper is slowly oxidized in air, but rapidly when finely divided and heated in oxygen
COINAGE METALS
Copper was probably the first metal used by man in fashioning various domestic implements and weapons
Cuprite(Cu2O), a red copper ore occurs abundantly and the most impt ore
The feathers of certain birds contain pigments made of copper
Copper is malleable and ductile having a red color by reflected light and greenish color by transmitted light
COPPER
Copper is an excellent conductor of heat (surpassed only by silver and gold) and electricity (surpassed only by gold)
The two copper oxides are red cuprous and black cupric
All copper compounds are insoluble in water
Produce a blue ppt with NH3 water
COPPER
Cupric salts added with K4Fe(CN)6 gives reddish brown ppt
Cupric ions with H2S turns black
Pharmacologic Action of copper ion: Copper and iron metabolism are
interrelated, it has importance in homopoies
COPPER
Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease) results from inability to regulate copper balance
The consequence is that toxic amounts of copper are deposited in various tissues (liver, lungs)
The disease may be treated with chelating agents such as Dimercaprol and edelates
COPPER
Internally, copper is a potential aid to iron assimilation and as emesis
After absorption, Cu is found as copper nucleinate in the liver, blood and bile
Externally, Cu acts as astringent when applied to mucous membrane and abraded surfaces
An effective fungicide (1:1,000,000)
COPPER
Has value in water treatment to remove algae and also of fungus that afflicts humans
A copper compound in tetralin (Cuprex) is used in pediculosis of the head, body or clothing
Copper is not an effective bactericide, only mild antiseptic
Its action is only bacteriostatic
COPPER
Important Compounds:1. Cupric Sulfate NF- Bluestone, Blue
Vitriol Stimulates the vomiting reflex before
there is time for any local irritant action
It is not absorbed, except by corroded stomach therefore, do not produce systemic effects
COPPER
Bordeaux Mixture( copper in combination with lime) is used as fungicide
Used to purify drinking water and swimming pools
In combination with iron or vitamins, has hematinic property
Used externally for its fungicidal action in 1 -5 sol’n
COPPER
Ag is used in making articles of value like coins, ornaments, jewelry
The name Silver was derived from Greek which means “shining”
The Alchemist named it “Luna”, characetrized by crescent moon
The name Luna has survived in Lunar caustic, silver nitrate
Pure silver is a white metal having a metallic luster
SILVER
The most ductile and malleable of all metals, except gold
The best conductor of electricity Silver cyanide complex is added to silver
sol’n for electroplating Silver salts gives a white curdy ppt of AgCl
when treated with HCl Ammoniacal sol’n of silver salts with
formaldehyde and warmed, formed ‘silver mirror’ on the walls of container
SILVER
Important Compouds:1. Silver Nitrate (Argentii Nitras) It is used routinely in the form of 1%
sol’n for instillation in the eyes of newborn babies for gonorrheal infection which is still a legal requirement in some states
(against Ophthalmia neotorium) Dose: 1 drop in each eye
SILVER
Silver Nitrate pencil (Toughened Silver Nitrate) – used for removing warts and other skin excresences and for canker sore in the mouth
A dose of 0.5% is used to treat severe 1st degree burns with 80%
recovery2. Mild Silver Protein ( Mild Protargin) It is used as local antibacterial in
aqueous sol’n at conc from 5-25%
SILVER
It is used as mild antiseptic in the eye, ear, nose and throat
3. Colloidl Silver Chloride (Lunosol)Use: prophylaxis against and treatment
of infections of the accessible mucous membrane such as genitourinary tract and the eye
4. Silver Picrate (Picragol, Picrotol, Silver trinitrophenlate)
SILVER
Use: in the treatment of vaginitis resulting from Trichomonas vaginales and Monilia albicans
5. Strong Silver Protein (Protargol, Argentum Proteinicum Forte, Strong Protargin )
A potent germicide used in conc of 0.25 to 0.5% for irrigation of the bladder and urethra
SILVER
Recognized as the King of all metals since the earliest times because of its
color, scarcity and permanency in contact with the atmosphere
Valued from the earliest ages for making jewelry, coin and etc.
The symbol Au was taken from the Greek aurum, a universal symbol of highest purity and value
GOLD
Gold is one of the most inactive and permanent of all metals
Aqua Regia, best reagent for dissolving gold, can also be dissolve by chlorine and bromine water
Reacts with NaOH and gives a brown ppt of auric hydroxide
Forms soluble salts with acid/base, has amphoteric property
GOLD
Other amphoteric substances are: aluminum, tin, zinc, and lead
Gold when treatd with stannous chloride sol’n slowly forms purple ppt known as purple of Cassius
Modern gold therapy started with the discovery by Koch in 1890, that gold cyanide was effective in vitro against tubercle bacillus.
GOLD