DQ # 6 8/18/10 Measure the width of your table with something other than a ruler. My table width is...

DQ # 6 8/18/10

• Measure the width of your table with something other than a ruler.

• My table width is ____ _____ long.

UNIT

Measurement-A Common Language

Length

English vs. MetricStandard Vs. MetricUS units Vs. Metric

• Foot = King’s foot

• Inch= thumb length

• Yard= nose to your tip of your finger

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Make a T-Chart with Metric units and Standard units

Metric units Standard or English units

THE METRIC SYSTEM

When and why was the metric system invented?

• The metric system was invented in 1790

• The metric system was invented because countries were using many different systems of measurement causing confusion and lack of consistency

Who invented the metric system?

• The metric system was invented by a group of French scientists

WHY DO WE USE THE METRIC SYSTEM?

• Almost all other countries are using the metric system

• Other countries’ companies are refusing to buy products from the U.S. if not labeled in metric units

• Scientists need a universal way to communicate data (SI Units)

Metric System

• A system of measurement used by the majority of countries on Earth based on the number 10

A Standard Measurement System

The International System of Units (SI)

Scientists all over the world use the International System of Units to measure: • Length• Volume• Mass• Density• Temperature• Time

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS BETWEEN METRIC & US LENGTH

UNITS

• A meter is about the same length as a yard

• A meter is about three feet long

• A decimeter is about four inches long

• An inch is about 25 millimeters

• A foot contains about 30 centimeters

• A foot contains about 3 decimeters

WHAT DOES THE METRIC SYSTEM MEASURE?

• The gram measures mass or how much something weighs

• The liter measures volume which is used when measuring liquids

• The meter measures the length of an object or the distance from place to place

Key Concept: Why do scientists use a standard measurement

system? • Using SI as the standard system of measurement allows scientists to compare data and communicate with each other about their results

• Using SI measurement also allows experiments to be repeated and most importantly achieve a desired result

: SI units are based on

multiples of what number?

• SI units are based on multiples of 10

•Add a zero•Subtract a zero

Length

What is length?

• Length is the distance from one point to another

The basic unit of length in the SI system is the …

• The basic unit of length in the SI system is the meter

The two units that measure the length of smaller objects are, …• millimeter

• centimeter

THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)

Kilo1000units

Hecto100units

Deka10

unitsBasic Unit Deci

0.1units

Centi0.01units

Milli0.001units

To convert to a smaller unit, movedecimal point to the right or

multiply.

To convert to a larger unit, movedecimal point to the left or divide

TRY THIS USING THE STAIRCASE METHOD

1000 mg = ______ g

Step 1: Determine if you are going to go up or down the ladder.Step 2: Determine how many steps there are from milligrams to grams.Step 3: Move the decimal point the amount of places that was determined in steps 1 & 2.


1000 mg = ______ g

Step 1: Determine if you are going to go up or down the ladder.Step 2: Determine how many steps there are from milligrams to grams.Step 3: Move the decimal point the amount of places that was determined in steps 1 & 2.

1

Metric System• The metric system is based on a base unit that corresponds

to a certain kind of measurement• Length = meter

• Volume = liter

• Weight (Mass) = gram

• Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system – Example:

• Centi + meter = Centimeter

• Kilo + liter = Kiloliter

Metric System

• The three prefixes that we will use the most are:– kilo– centi– milli

kilo hecto deca

Base Units

meter

gram

liter

deci centi milli

Metric System

• So if you needed to measure length you would choose meter as your base unit– Length of a tree branch

• 1.5 meters

– Length of a room • 5 meters

– Length of a ball of twine stretched out• 25 meters

Metric System• But what if you need to measure a longer

distance, like from your house to school?– Let’s say you live approximately 10 miles from

school• 10 miles = 16093 meters

– 16093 is a big number, but what if you could add a prefix onto the base unit to make it easier to manage:

• 16093 meters = 16.093 kilometers (or 16.1 if rounded to 1 decimal place)

Metric System• These prefixes are based on powers of 10. What

does this mean?– From each prefix every “step” is either:

• 10 times larger or

• 10 times smaller

– For example• Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters• 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

kilo hecto deca

Base Units

meter

gram

liter

deci centi milli

Metric System

– Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters so it takes more millimeters for the same length

1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

Example not to scale

1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm

1 cm

Metric System• For each “step” to right,

you are multiplying by 10

• For example, let’s go from a base unit to centi

1 liter = 10 deciliters = 100 centiliters

2 grams = 20 decigrams = 200 centigrams

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

Metric System• An easy way to move within the metric system is by

moving the decimal point one place for each “step” desired

Example: change meters to centimeters

1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimetersor

1.00 meter = 10.0 decimeters = 100. centimeters

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

Metric System• Now let’s try our previous example from meters to kilometers:

16093 meters = 1609.3 decameters = 160.93 hectometers = 16.093 kilometers

• So for every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left (the same direction as in the diagram below)

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

Metric System

• If you move to the left in the diagram, move the decimal to the left

• If you move to the right in the diagram, move the decimal to the right

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

Metric System• Now let’s start from centimeters and convert to

kilometers

400000 centimeters = 4 kilometers

400000 centimeters = 4.00000 kilometers

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

Metric System• Now let’s start from meters and convert to kilometers

4000 meters = 4 kilometers

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

’

40 meters

Metric System• Now let’s start from meters and convert to centimeters

5 meters =

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli

’

500 cm

300 m

Metric System• Summary

– Base units in the metric system are meter, liter, gram

– Metric system is based on powers of 10

– For conversions within the metric system, each “step” is 1 decimal place to the right or left

– Using the diagram below, converting to the right, moves the decimal to the right and vice versa

kilo hecto deca

meter

liter

gram

deci centi milli


.15 L = __________ ml


.15 L = __________ ml150

Practice Time, Now you will complete the worksheet practice using the stair case

methodT. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

Figure 1: Calculating - How much larger is a kilo- than a deka-?

• 100 times

Complete the Table Below

Prefix Meaning Unit of Length

milli

one-hundredth

meter

one-thousand



milli One-thousandth

one-hundredth

meter

one-thousand




millimeter

one-hundredth

meter

one-thousand




millimeter

centi one-hundredth

meter

one-thousand




millimeter

centi one-hundredth centimeter

meter

one-thousand




millimeter


none meter

one-thousand




millimeter


none one meter

one-thousand




millimeter


none one meter

kilo one-thousand




millimeter


none one meter

kilo one-thousand kilometer

The longer lines on the metric ruler are called…

• centimeters

The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called…

• millimeters

Reading Checkpoint One centimeter is divided into how many millimeters? • 10 millimeters (mm)

Figure 2: Calculating: Measure the turtle in figure 2 from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose. Record its length in both centimeters and

millimeters. • 10.5 cm

• 105 mm

Lesson 3: Volume

T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

English vs. Metric Units

Which is larger?

A. 1 liter or 1 gallon

B. 1 liter or 1 quart

C. 1 milliliter or 1 fluid ounce

1 gallon = 3.79 liters

It would take approximately 3 ¾ 1-liter bottles to equal a gallon.

1 fl oz = 29.573 ml

1 12-oz can of soda would equal

approximately 355 ml.

1 quart = 0.946 liters

Metric Units

Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

The base unit of volume in the metric system in the liter and is represented by L or l.

Standard: 1 liter is equal to one cubic decimeter Metric Units

1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)

1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cm3 (or cc) = 1 gram*

Which is larger?

A. 1 liter or 1500 milliliters

B. 200 milliliters or 1.2 liters

C. 12 cm3 or 1.2 milliliters*

Click the image to watch a short video

about volume.

* When referring to waterLiter Image: http://www.dmturner.org/Teacher/Pictures/liter.gif

http://www.metricamerica.com/SI-Metric/liter.wmv

Measuring Volume

Top Image: http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade8/science/images/20graphicaa.gif

Bottom Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm

We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects.

Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.

What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL

What causes the meniscus?

A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.

Measuring Liquid Volume

Images created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swf

What is the volume of water in each cylinder?

Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

Measuring Solid Volume

Click here for an online activity about volume. Choose Lessons Volume & Displacement

10 cm

9 cm

8 cm

We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height.

_____ X _____ X _____ = _____

http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/

R_S1Science/sp/en/syllabus/unit14/new/

testingmain1.htm

We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement.

Amount of H2O with object = ______

About of H2O without object = ______

Difference = Volume = ______

http://www.learnalberta.ca/Launch.aspx?content=%2Fcontent%2Fmesg%2Fhtml%2Fmath6web%2Fmath6shell.html

English Metric Conversions

T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

English & Metric Conversions

DQ # 6 8/18/10 Measure the width of your table with something other than a ruler. My table width is...

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