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WORKSHOP LATEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT 22-27 February, 2015, Venezia Palace Hotel, Antalya, Turkey
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WORKSHOP LATEST TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
CROP IMPROVEMENT
22-27 February, 2015,
Venezia Palace Hotel, Antalya, Turkey
2
WORKSHOP
LATEST
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR CROP
IMPROVEMENT
22-27 February, 2015,
Venezia Palace Hotel, Antalya,
Turkey
3
WORKSHOP
LATEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR
CROP IMPROVEMENT
Organized by
University of Worcester, UK,
University of Warwick, UK,
Sabanci University, Turkey
Trakya University, Turkey
With support from
British Council, Turkish Seed Union (TURKTOB), Plant Breeders Union of Turkey (BISAB), Turkish Seed Industry and Producers Union (TSUAB) Turkish Plant Breeders Association (TUBID),
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
NAME INSTITUTION DUTY
Prof Dr Mahmut TÖR University of Worcester-UNITED KINGDOM UK Coordinator
Prof Dr Hikmet BUDAK Sabanci University - TURKEY Turkish Coordinator
Assoc Prof Dr Yalçın KAYA Trakya University – TURKEY Mentor
Prof Dr Eric HOLUB University of Warwick - UNITED KINGDOM Mentor
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
NAME DUTY COUNTRY INSTITUTION
Prof Dr Mahmut TÖR UK Coordinator UNITED KINGDOM
University of
Worcester
Prof Dr Hikmet BUDAK Turkish Coordinator TURKEY Sabanci University
Assoc Prof Dr Yalçın KAYA Mentor TURKEY Trakya University
Prof Dr Eric HOLUB Mentor UNITED KINGDOM
University of
Warwick
Prof Dr Ian CRUTE Member UNITED KINGDOM
Agric & Hortic. Dev.
Board
Asst Prof Dr Necmi BEŞER Member TURKEY Trakya University
Assoc Prof Dr Taner AKAR Member TURKEY Akdeniz University
Prof Dr Bülent UZUN Member TURKEY Akdeniz University
Asst Prof Dr Semra HASANCEBI
Member TURKEY Trakya University
Asst Prof Dr Ufuk DEMIREL Member TURKEY Niğde University
THE EDITORS OF PROCEEDING BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Assoc Prof Dr Yalcin KAYA, Prof Dr Mahmut TÖR,
Prof Dr Hikmet BUDAK, Prof Dr Eric HOLUB
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“LATEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT” WORKSHOP PROGRAMME
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2015
16 00 - 17 30 REGISTRATION
17 30 - 18 30 WELCOME COCKTAIL
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2015
8 30 9 30 Registration
9 30 10 45 Opening Talk: Prof Dr. Mahmut TÖR (University of Worcester)
945 1030 Key Note Speaker: Prof Ian Crute Science and Agricultural Productivity: placing crop genetic improvement into context, Session Chair: Prof Eric Holub (University of Warwick)
1030 1100 Coffee break
1100 1300
1st Session: Speed Networking Session Chair: Prof Eric Holub (University of Warwick) Participants each spend 5min with one other before moving to a new partner. This will introduce them to each other and enable them to learn about each other’s work.
1300 1400 Lunch
2nd Session: Bioinformatics-Next generation genomics Session Chair : Assoc. Prof Yalçın Kaya (Trakya University)
1400 1420 Tool kits for breeders-Next generation sequencing: Dr. Bala Akpinar (Sabanci University)
1420 1440 SNP discovery and subsequent use Dr. Stuart Lucas (Sabanci University)
1440 1500 miRNA discovery and subsequent use Dr. Melda Kantar (Sabanci University)
1500 1520 A pipeline for effectors discovery using NGS and its application in marker-assisted breeding - Dr. Richard Harrison (East Malling Research Station)
1530 1600 Coffee Break
1600 1800 Poster Session
1900 Dinner
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2015
0915 1000 Key Note Speaker: Assoc. Prof. Masum Burak, Director General, GDAR-Turkey Biotechnology in the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of Republic of Turkey Session Chair: Prof Dr. Mahmut TÖR (University of Worcester)
3rd Session: New genetic tools for plant breeding Session Chair: Prof Hikmet Budak (Sabancı University)
1000 1030 Crop improvement using TAL effectors - History, mechanism and applications for plant genome editing. Dr Sebastian Schornack (Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge)
1030 11 00 Coffee break
1100 1130 CRISPR system and Genome Editing-application in plant breeding Dr Yasin Dağdaş (Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich)
1130 1200 Utilization of association mapping in plants Dr Muhammed Sakiroglu (Kafkas University)
1200 1230 Resistance gene enrichment sequencing technique and its applications in R gene identification in crop and model species. Dr Oliver Furzer (Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich)
1230 1430 Lunch and Networking
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WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2015
6th Session: Research Funding
0900 - 0930
National and International Funding Programs in TÜBİTAK: Çınar Adalı Öner (TÜBİTAK)
0930 1000 TÜBİTAK Bilateral Co-operations:
1000 1030 British Council and other UK opportunities
1030 11 00 Coffee break
1100 1300 7th session: Mentor-led discussion -Major Challenges in crop improvement - Profs Ian Crute, Mahmut Tör -Knowledge Transfer from institute to farmers - Profs Hikmet Budak, Yalçın Kaya & Eric Holub
1300 1400 Lunch
1400 1530 8th Session: Networking possible areas of collaboration Session Chair: Prof Ian Crute
1500 1530 Information feedback from putative collaboration
1530 1600 Coffee break
1600-1730 9th session. Future directions Prof Hikmet Budak (Sabancı University)
1900-2000 Workshop Dinner & GALA NIGHT
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2015
0900 - 1730
Technical Trip and Excursion in Antalya
1800 1900 Closing Ceromony
1900- Dinner
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2015
Checking out of Hotel
4th Session: Case studies: application of technologies Session Chair: Dr Ufuk Demirel (Niğde University)
1430 1450 Future-proofing potato – protecting tuberization from environmental stress: Dr Wayne Morris (James Hutton Institute)
1450 1510 Vernalisation - a cold-induced epigenetic switch Dr Jie Song (Imperial College)
1510 1530 Screening plants for resistance sources using pathogen effectors Dr Tolga Bozkurt (Imperial College)
1530 1600 Coffee Break
5th Session: Case studies: application of technologies (Continued) Session Chair: Dr Ahmet Tek (Harran University)
1600 1620 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping for crop improvement Dr Peter Walley (University of Warwick)
1620 1640 Current statues of phenomics and its application for crop improvement Dr Özlem Yilmaz (Sabancı University)
1640 1700 Water-use efficiency in vegetable crops: Dr Sajjad Awan (University of Warwick)
1700 1830 Poster Session
1900 Dinner
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PARTICIPANT LIST
# NAME &SURNAME COUNTRY COMPANY E-MAIL
1 Ali Guendouz ALGERIA Algeria INRAA 2 Zine E A Fellahi ALGERIA Algeria INRAA [email protected]
3 Halima Mammadova AZERBAIJAN Azerbaijan Crop Institute [email protected]
4 Goritsa Rakleova BULGARIA Sofia University, [email protected]
5 Cumali Yükselen GERMANY
6 Hovik Makhsudyan GERMANY
7 Gulya Kunypiyayeva KAZAKHSTAN CIMMYT
8 Rauan Zhapayev KAZAKHSTAN CIMMYT [email protected]
9 Aigul Abugalieva KAZAKHSTAN Kazakh Res Inst. [email protected]
10 Ana Korubin-Aleksoska MACEDONIA Prilep Tobacco Institute [email protected]
11 Najat Handaji MOROCCO Citrus Breeding Lab INRA [email protected]
12 Kawtar Label MOROCCO University Ibn Tofail of Sci [email protected]
13 Olagorite Adetula NIGERIA National Hortİc Res Inst [email protected]
14 Salem Alghamdi SAUDI ARABIA King Saud University [email protected]
15 Wayne Lee Morris SCOTLAND The James Hutton Inst [email protected]
16 Dejana Pankovic SERBIA Educons University [email protected]
17 Biljana B. Tanjga SERBIA Phenogeno Roses DOO
18 Mirjana Vukosavljev SERBIA Phenogeno Roses DOO
19 Marufqul Mahkamov TAJIKISTAN CIMMYT [email protected]
20 Aouida Marwa TUNISIA Center BiotecH Borj Cédria [email protected]
21 Borji Manel TUNISIA Center BiotecH Borj Cédria
22 Gonca G. Dalkılıç TURKEY
Adnan Menderes University
23 Özlem Akan TURKEY
Adnan Menderes University [email protected]
24 Silva G. Mlakar TURKEY Adnan Menderes Univ. 25 Zeynel Dalkılıç TURKEY Adnan Menderes Univ. [email protected]
26 Duran ZARARSIZ TURKEY Agromar Seed Co 27 Adnan Aydın TURKEY Akdeniz University
28 Birgül Güden TURKEY Akdeniz University
29 Duygu Sarı Yol TURKEY Akdeniz University
30 Emine Uygur Göçer TURKEY Akdeniz University
31 Engin Yol TURKEY Akdeniz University [email protected]
32 Mehmet Tekin TURKEY Akdeniz University
33 Muhammet Yıldız TURKEY Akdeniz University
34 Rüstem Üstün TURKEY Akdeniz University
35 Taner Akar TURKEY Akdeniz University
36 Yeşim Sıla Tuğran TURKEY Akdeniz University
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37 Serkan Yıldızlı TURKEY Altin Seed Co
38 Sertaç Sevimay TURKEY Anadolu Efes Seed Co
39 Onur Kıllı TURKEY Anamas Seed Co
40 Tayyib Arslan TURKEY Anadolu Efes Seed Co
41 Çelebi Çelik TURKEY Art Laborteknik Ltd. Co
42 Serkan Kasapoğlu TURKEY Anamas Seed Co
43 Selçuk Güler TURKEY Art Laborteknik Ltd. Co [email protected]
44 Arif Bey TURKEY Ayer Tarim Seed Co [email protected]
45 Ergün Erünal TURKEY Ayer Tarim Seed Co [email protected]
46 Tuba Topçu TURKEY Ayer Tarim Seed Co [email protected]
47 Meral Yılmaz TURKEY BATEM Instutue [email protected]
48 Servet Sarı TURKEY Beta Ziraat Seed Co [email protected]
49 Ali Koç TURKEY BISAB
50 Bayram Özdemir TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
51 Büşra Yapıcı TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
52 Mehmet Hüsemoğlu TURKEY
BISAB [email protected]
53 Miktat OLGUN TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
54 Murat Mete Şölen TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
55 Mustafa Akın TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
56 Osman Barış Kılınç TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
57 Sinan Berksan TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
58 Vehbi Eser TURKEY BISAB [email protected]
59 Yunus Yumuşak TURKEY Biyotek Seed Co
60 Elif Dağgeçen TURKEY British Council [email protected]
61 Özlem Gökalp TURKEY British Council
62 Arzu Ünal TURKEY Biotech Research Center [email protected]
63 Banu Efeoğlu TURKEY Biotechnology Res Center [email protected]
64 Alexey Morgunov TURKEY CIMMYT- ANKARA [email protected]
65 Emrah Koç TURKEY CIMMYT- ANKARA [email protected]
66 Kemal Subaşı TURKEY CIMMYT- ANKARA [email protected]
67 Nurberdi Gummadov TURKEY CIMMYT- ANKARA [email protected]
68 Zhanat Akhmetova TURKEY CIMMYT- ANKARA 69 Beyhan Akın TURKEY CIMMYT-İZMIR [email protected]
70 Aybegüm Ton TURKEY Çukurova University [email protected]
71 Ertuğrul Filiz TURKEY Düzce University [email protected]
72 Gizem Çivi TURKEY Ege University [email protected]
73 Hüseyin Satılmış TURKEY Ege-Cem Tarim [email protected]
74 Serkan Çorbacı TURKEY Ekmen Tarım [email protected]
75 Appelman Dennis TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
76 Elif Gamze Doğan TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
77 Fatma Günal Mat TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
78 Hasan Topuz TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
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79 İnci Coltart TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
80 Metin Sabancı TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
81 Yusuf Şen TURKEY Enza Zaden Tarım R & D [email protected]
82 Kahraman Kepenek TURKEY Süleyman Demirel Univ. [email protected]
83 Hüseyin Tombuloğlu TURKEY Fatih University [email protected]
84 Abdullah KANKAYA TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 85 Atilla AŞKIN TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 86 Cahit PİŞKİN TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 87 Cevat ESEN TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 88 Hasan ÇELİK TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 89 İzzet PARLAR TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 90 Kürşad DURMAZ TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 91 Lütfi İ. OKUMUŞ TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 92 Sadi OLCAY TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 93 Aydın BARS TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 94 Cahit ÖZER TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 95 Hüseyin ÖZEN TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 96 Kamil YELBOĞA TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 97 Mümin ŞAHİN TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 98 Rasim ÇAVAŞ TURKEY FIDEBIRLIK 99 Ahmet Sırrı Şensoy TURKEY Fito Seed Co [email protected]
100 Atıf ÇAPAR TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
101 Gürbüz CANDAN TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
102 Gürsel TANRIVER TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
103 İsmail ATLİYA TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
104 Mehmet BAYRAM TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
105 Mehmet ERGENE TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
106 Mümin KARGI TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
107 Nihat EREN TURKEY FÜAB 108 Sedat DERELİ TURKEY FÜAB [email protected]
109 Kubilay Yıldırım TURKEY Gaziosmanpasa University [email protected]
110 Himmet Fidan TURKEY Genagri Seed Co
111 Ahmet Seçim TURKEY Gento Seed Co [email protected]
112 Ahmet Latif Tek TURKEY Harran University [email protected]
113 Songül Tuna İndibi TURKEY Hazera Seed Co [email protected]
114 Hasan CÇ Sarısu TURKEY Hortic Res Station - Eğridir [email protected]
115 Mesut Keser TURKEY ICARDA, Ankara [email protected]
116 Fikret Budak TURKEY Iğdır University
117 Ilgın Akpınar TURKEY İstanbul University 118 Nihal Gören Sağlam TURKEY İstanbul University [email protected]
119 Muhammet Şakiroğlu TURKEY Kafkas University [email protected]
120 Yücel Kılıç TURKEY Limagrain [email protected]
121 Geoffrey L. Thomas TURKEY May Agro [email protected]
122 Hasan Özgür Şığva TURKEY May Agro [email protected]
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123 İbrahim Selçuk TURKEY Medsantek 124 Selhaalolin Selçuk TURKEY Medsantek [email protected]
125 Sezgi Pekşen TURKEY Medsantek [email protected]
126 Hamit E. Somer TURKEY Mtn Seed Co
127 Nihal Poyraz TURKEY Mtn Seed Co
128 Hüsnü Ekiz TURKEY Nadide Seed Co
129 Gulru Yücel TURKEY Namık Kemal University [email protected]
130 Behiye Banu Bilgen TURKEY Namık Kemal University [email protected]
131 Gülsemin S. Tuna TURKEY Namık Kemal University [email protected]
132 İlker Nizam TURKEY Namık Kemal University [email protected]
133 Metin Tuna TURKEY Namık Kemal University [email protected]
134 Sheida Daneshvar Royandazagh TURKEY Namık Kemal University [email protected]
135 Ufuk Demirel TURKEY Nigde University, [email protected]
136 Elif Uçar TURKEY Orhas Seed Co. 137 Cemal Yücel TURKEY Pioneer Overseas Co. [email protected]
138 Hassan Sayed Sadık TURKEY Pioneer Overseas Co. [email protected]
139 Kubilay K. Baştaş TURKEY Plant Bacteriologist [email protected]
140 Soner Başaran TURKEY Polen Seed Co 141 Hüseyin Güngör TURKEY Progen Seed
142 Canseri Bozkuş TURKEY Proto Seed Co
143
Damla Turan Büyükdinç TURKEY Recep Tayyip Erdogan Un. [email protected]
144 Fatih Seyis TURKEY Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Un [email protected]
145 Alessandro Maggioni TURKEY Rijk Zwaan Tarim
146 Wijbe HSV SCHAAR TURKEY Rijk Zwaan Tarim 147 Bala Anı Akpınar TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
148 Burcu Alptekin TURKEY Sabanci University 149 Hikmet Budak TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
150 Melda kantar TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
151 Naimat Ullah TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
152 Özlem Yılmaz TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
153 Rayyan Khan TURKEY Sabanci University 154 Reyyan Bulut TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
155 Stuart James Lucas TURKEY Sabanci University [email protected]
156 Sumia Ali TURKEY Sabanci University
157 Handan Aydın TURKEY Ses van der have Inter. [email protected]
158 Kıvanç Gökbörü TURKEY Sinerji Lab Co [email protected]
159 Barış IŞIK TURKEY SÜSBIR [email protected]
160 Eda E. GÖKDUMAN TURKEY SÜSBIR 161 Hatice ÜNAL TURKEY SÜSBIR 162 Savaş AKCAN TURKEY SÜSBIR [email protected]
163 Selahattin ALTUN TURKEY SÜSBIR [email protected]
164 Yasin OTUZOĞLU TURKEY SÜSBIR [email protected]
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165 Ramis Özgen Akın TURKEY Tarım Türk TV [email protected]
166 Ahmet Konuk TURKEY Taşpinar Seed Co
167 Mehmet Tezel TURKEY Taşpinar Seed Co
168 Özkan Taşpınar TURKEY Taşpinar Seed Co
169 Işık Aşar TURKEY TEYDEB-BIYOTEG [email protected]
170 Kadir Akan TURKEY Central Res Inst Field Crops [email protected]
171 Ayhan BİLGİN TURKEY TODAB [email protected]
172 Mehmet DÖLEK TURKEY TODAB 173 Mehmet ŞAHİN TURKEY TODAB [email protected]
174 Murat Coşar KUTLU TURKEY TODAB 175 Mustafa DOĞAN TURKEY TODAB [email protected]
176 Selahattin DERİCİ TURKEY TODAB 177 Ayhan Öztürk TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
178 Barış Ayyıldız TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik 179 Ekrem İşcan TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
180 Ersel Tekin TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
181 Hamdi Çivitcioğlu TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
182 İbrahim Küçük TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
183 İsmail Yurtan TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik 184 Mehmet Köse TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
185 Şükrü Beyazkaya TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
186 Yusuf Demir TURKEY Tohum Yet Birlik [email protected]
187 Behzat Göğebakan TURKEY Toprak Mahsülleri Ofisi
188 Fatih Leblebici TURKEY Toprak Mahsülleri Ofisi
189 Göksel Evci TURKEY Trakya Agric Res Inst [email protected]
190 İbrahim M Yılmaz TURKEY Trakya Agric Res Inst [email protected]
191 Merve Güzel TURKEY Trakya Agric Res Inst [email protected]
192 Metin Babaoğlu TURKEY Trakya Agric Res Inst [email protected]
193 Veli Pekcan TURKEY Trakya Agric Res Inst [email protected]
194 Yalçın KAYA TURKEY Trakya Universty [email protected]
195 Ali NERGİS TURKEY TSUAB [email protected]
196 Ali ÖZEN TURKEY TSUAB [email protected]
197 Ali ÜSTÜN TURKEY TSUAB [email protected];
198 Ayhan ATALAY TURKEY TSUAB [email protected];
199 Ayşe S. ARIKAN TURKEY TSUAB
200 Burhanettin TOPSAKAL TURKEY TSUAB [email protected];
201 Eyüp KÖKSAL TURKEY TSUAB [email protected]
202 Ökkeş YILDIRIM TURKEY TSUAB [email protected]
203 Refik AKÇAKAYA TURKEY TSUAB [email protected]
204 Tayfur ÇAĞLAYAN TURKEY TSUAB [email protected]
205 Veli ALAN TURKEY TSUAB [email protected];
206 Yıldıray GENÇER TURKEY TSUAB [email protected];
207 Müfit ENGIZ TURKEY TURKTED [email protected]
208 GALİP UMUT ÖZDİL TURKEY TURKTOB [email protected]
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209 Gülay ÇALIŞKAN TURKEY TURKTOB [email protected]
210 Muhteşem TORUN TURKEY TURKTOB [email protected]
211 Asuman Cansev TURKEY Uludağ University [email protected]
212 Meryem İpek TURKEY Uludağ University [email protected]
213 Irmak Gürsoy TURKEY Vilmorin Anadolu Tohum [email protected]
214 Bahar Soğutmaz Özdemir TURKEY
Yeditepe University Genetic and Bioengineering [email protected]
215 Ali Osman SARI TURKEY Gen Dir. Agric Research [email protected]
216 Masum BURAK TURKEY Gen Dir. Agric Research [email protected]
217 Ian Crute ENGLAND Agric & Hortic. Dev. Board [email protected]
218 Andrew Armitage ENGLAND East Malling Research [email protected]
219 Helen Cockerton ENGLAND East Malling Research 220 Richard Harrison ENGLAND East Malling Research [email protected]
221 Jie Song ENGLAND Imperial College London [email protected]
222 Tolga O. Bozkurt ENGLAND Imperial College London [email protected]
223 Sophie Bouvaine ENGLAND University Of Greenwich [email protected]
224 Anneka Prins ENGLAND Rothamsted Research [email protected]
225 Doug Orr ENGLAND Rothamsted Research [email protected]
226 Andy Tock ENGLAND University Of Warwick [email protected]
227 Sebastian Fairhead ENGLAND University Of Warwick 228 Oliver Furzer ENGLAND The Sainsbury Laboratory [email protected]
229 Volkan Cevik ENGLAND The Sainsbury Laboratory [email protected]
230 Yasin Dağdaş ENGLAND The Sainsbury Laboratory [email protected]
231 Selman Uluışık ENGLAND University of Nottingham [email protected]
232 Sebastian Schornack
ENGLAND University of Cambridge
233 Rashed Alarfaj ENGLAND University of Reading [email protected]
234 Eric Holub ENGLAND University of Warwick [email protected]
235 Peter Glen Walley ENGLAND University of Warwick [email protected]
236 Sajjad Awan ENGLAND University of Warwick [email protected]
237 Andrew Taylor ENGLAND University of Warwick [email protected]
238 Mahmut Tör ENGLAND University of Worcester [email protected]
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THE LIST OF PAPERS
1. A PROPOSAL FOR CITRUS DIVERSIFICATION IN MOROCCO - Handaji N., N. Arsalane, Essalhi M., Label K., Aderdour T., H. Benyahia
2. EVALUATION OF FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS AMONG NATURALLY GROWN WILD FRUIT ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA GENOTYPES IN TURKEY - Asuman CANSEV, Yasemin Şahan, Emine Aydin, Ayşe N. Dundar, Dilek Dulger, F. Betul Kaplan, Asli Kilci
3. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BELL PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.) LINES AND CULTIVARS RESISTANT TO TOSPOVIRUS AND TOBAMOVIRUS USING MOLECULAR BREEDING METHODS - Duran ŞİMŞEK
4. SELECTION FOR OBTAINING TOBACCO GENOTIPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE - Ana KORUBIN-ALEKSOSKA
5. ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE SYSTEM IN CHROMIUM (VI) - TREATED TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. & TRITICUM DURUM DESF. SEEDLINGS - ALAYAT Amel, SOUIKI Linda, BOUMEDRIS Zine Eddine, BENOSMANE Sana, MOUMENI Ouissem, BENAMARA Maroua, AMAMRA Rima, OTMANI Hadjer, DJEBAR Mohammed Réda
6. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TOLERANCE OF FIFTEEN CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS TO SALT STRESS - Ait El Aouad Bouchra, Aderdour Tarik, Talha Abd Elhak, Benkirane Rachid, Benyahia Hamid
7. RESPONSES OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN FLAVOPARMELIA CAPERATA (L.) HALE TO THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AIR AT TWO URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN AREAS IN THE REGION OF ANNABA (EAST OF ALGERIA) - Boumedris Zine Eddine, Alayat Amel, Serradj Ali Ahmed Monia, Benosmane Sana, Djebar Mohammed Réda
8. DIFFERENTIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES TO PLANT-DERIVED SMOKE SOLUTION - Muhammad Mudasar ASLAM, Muhammad JAMIL, Amna KHATOON, Shafiq Ur REHMAN
9. UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC CONTROL OF PATHOGENICITY AND RESISTANCE FOR FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN ONION - A. Taylor, A. Jackson, G. Teakle, R. Harrison, A. Armitage, R. De Heer, T. Ferber, H. Van Den Biggelaar, S. Ott, L. Baxter, J.P. Clarkson
10. GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS STUDY AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH NDVI UNDER TERMINAL WATER DEFICIT AND WELL-IRRIGATED CONDITIONS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). - Mekliche A., Hanifi-Mekliche L., Aidaoui A., Monneveux Ph.
11. STUDY OF THE VARIABILITY OF AGRONOMIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 10 CLONES CLEMENTINE (CITRUS CLEMENTINA) - ESSALHI EL Mustapha, BRHADDA Najiba, GMIRA Najib, BENYAHYA Hamid, ARSALANE Najat, HANDAJI Najat
12. EFFECT OF GERMINATION TIME ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SESAME SEEDS (SESAMUM INDICUM .L) - H. RIZKI, F. KZAIBER, M. EL HARFI, H. LATRACH, H.HANINE
13. TOWARD CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF FOOD CEREALS AND LEGUMES GENETIC RESOURCES IN SAUDI ARABIA - Salem S. Alghamdi
14. EFFECT OF GAMMA RAY IRRADIATION ON THE VARIABILITY OF SOME QUALITY CRITERIA IN MARISOL CLEMENTINE - Aderdour Tarik, Ait El Aouad Bouchra, Arsalane Najat, BenYahia Hamid, Brhadda Najiba, Handaji Najat
15. STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY OF QUALITY TRAITS AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AMONG CLEMENTINES CULTIVARS - EL MustaphaESSALHI, Hamid BENYAHYA, Najiba BRHADDA, Najib GMIRA, Najat ARSALANE, Najat HANDAJI
16. NEXT GENERATION CROPS: INTEGRATING PROTEOMICS APPROACHES TOWARD SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE - Goritsa RAKLEOVA, Ivelin PANCHEV, Atanas ATANASSOV, Magdalena TCHORBADJIEVA
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17. IDENTIFICATION OF WATER-USE-EFFICIENCY QTL IN BRASSICA OLERACEA - Sajjad Awan, Peter Walley, Guy Barker, Graham Teakle, Graham Farquhar, Andrew Thompson
18. ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN FOREST TREE POPULATIONS USING MOLECULAR MARKERS: A CASE STUDY ON PINUS SYLVESTRIS - Behiye Banu BILGEN, Deniz GUNEY, Nuray KAYA
19. CORRELATION BETWEEN LIGNIN AMOUNT IN CORTEX AND CHERRY ROOTSTOCK VIGOUR - Hasan Cumhur Sarısu, Ömer Faruk Karamürsel, Fatma Pınar Öztürk, İsmail Demirtaş, İbrahim Gür, Hakkı Koçal, Mehmet Aksu, Zehra Babalık, Şafak Sekmen
20. EXPRESSION OF PL6 GENE IN LEAVES OF TWO NILs AFTER INFECTION WITH SPORES OF Plasmopara halstedii - Nataša Ćurčić, Ljiljana Prokić, Siniša Jocić, Dragan Škorić, Dejana Panković
21. IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN STRAWBERRY - ANDREW D. ARMITAGE, CHARLOTTE F. NELLIST, ROBERT J. VICKERSTAFF, RICHARD J. HARRISON
22. AN EVERGREEN USEFUL METHOD: USE OF EMBRYO CULTURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESYNTHESIZED RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) FORMS DSIPLAYING EDIBLE OIL QUALITY - Fatih SEYİS
23. SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: PLACING CROP GENETIC IMPROVEMENT INTO CONTEXT - IAN CRUTE
24. THE BEHAVIOUR DYNAMIC OF THE ALTERNATIVE MODEL PARAMECIUM SP. TREATED BY A PESTICIDE - Benamara M, Benosmane S, Berrebah H, Djebar M.R
25. BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTRIBUTION TO VALORIZATION OF SOME VARIETIES OF OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA - Jihane OUMATO, Saadia ZRIRA, Bouchta SAIDI, Mohammed BOUJNAH
26. CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) CALLUS INDUCTION - Zohra IGHILHARIZ 27. SNP DISCOVERY AND SUBSEQUENT USE - Stuart J. Lucas, Bala Anı Akpınar, Burcu Alptekin,
Hikmet Budak 28. SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM LEAF SEGMENTS OF FIG (FICUS CARICA L. CV. ‘SARILOP’) -
Damla TURAN BÜYÜKDİNÇ, Gonca GÜNVER DALKILIÇ 29. EFFECTS OF THREE FUNGICIDES WIDELY USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF WHEAT SEED ON
MYCELIAL GROWTH OF THE TARGET PEST FUSARIUM SP., Djekoun M, Berrebah H, Djebar M.R
30. A BETTER RUBISCO FOR CROPS: IMPROVING CROP PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Doug Orr, André Alcântara, Elizabete Carmo-Silva, John Andralojc, Martin Parry
31. GENETIC STUDIES ON SEED YIELD AND STRESS TOLERANCE RELATED TRAITS IN SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CROSSES - Zine El Abidine Fellahi, Abderrahmane Hannachi, Hamenna Bouzerzour
32. IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR MODELING OF CHORISMATE SYNTHASE (CS) PROTEINS IN PLANTS - Ertugrul FILIZ, Ibrahim KOC
33. RESISTANCE GENE ENRICHMENT SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN R GENE IDENTIFICATION IN CROP AND MODEL SPECIES - OLIVER J. FURZER, VOLKAN ÇEVIK, JONATHAN D. G. JONES
34. A PIPELINE FOR EFFECTOR DISCOVERY USING NGS AND ITS APPLICATION IN MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING - RICHARD HARRISON, CHARLOTTE NELLIST, ROBERT VICKERSTAFF, SOPHIEN KAMOUN, ANDREW ARMITAGE
35. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THIRAM ON MAIZE - Ilgın AKPINAR, Muammer ÜNAL 36. RECENT INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENICITY OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA - Kubilay Kurtulus
BASTAS
15
37. THE ROLE OF THE POPLAR FOR THE PHYTOEXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL AND INVESTIGATION OF POPLAR GENES RESPONSIBLE IN TOLERANCE TO BORON TOXICITY - Kubilay Yildirim, Dilek Kaya Ozdogan, Teoman Kahraman
38. PHENOTYPING PATHOGEN RESISTANCE IN CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY ROOTS USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING - HELEN COCKERTON, BO LI, RICHARD J. HARRISON
39. MOLECULAR MARKERS CORRELATED WITH FRUITS CHARACTERS IN OLIVE - Meryem Ipek, Murat Seker, Ahmet Ipek
40. FUTURE-PROOFING POTATO – PROTECTING TUBERIZATION FROM ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS - WAYNE MORRIS, ROBERT HANCOCK, LAURENCE DUCREUX, PETE HEDLEY, JENNY MORRIS, GLENN BRYAN, SUSAN VERRALL, MUHAMMAD USMAN, MARK TAYLOR
41. EVALUATION OF ADVANCED CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) ACCESSIONS BASED ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE INDICES AND SSR MARKERS AGAINST DIFFERENT WATER TREATMENTS - Muhammad Amir Maqbool, Muhammad Aslam, Hina Ali, Tariq Mahmud Shah
42. CELL TYPE SPECIFIC ANALYSIS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE REGULATORY MECHANISM OF LEAF SENESCENCE - NİHAL GÖREN-SAĞLAM, VICKY BUCHANAN-WOLLASTON
43. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SSR AND SRAP MARKERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVEN ACCESSIONS OF CITRUS - Adetula Olagorite
44. PLANT GENOME EDITING USING CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM - Yasin F Dagdas, Vladimir Nekrasov, Angela Chaparro Garcia, Khaoula Belhaj, Sophien Kamoun
45. PRESENT TRENDS IN WINTER OILSEED RAPE BREEDING - Fatih SEYİS 46. RUBISCO PROPERTIES OF WHEAT RELATIVES PROVIDE SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS - ANNEKE PRINS, DOUGLAS J. ORR, P. JOHN ANDRALOJC, MATTHEW P. REYNOLDS, ELIZABETE CARMO-SILVA, MARTIN A. J. PARRY
47. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN APOIDEA AND PLANTS (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) IN THE SUBURB OF EL HARRACH (ALGIERS, ALGERIA) - BOUTI Fella, DOUMANDJI Salaheddine
48. OVERVIEW OF POLLINATION BY THE HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA (L., 1758) (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA, APINAE) OF SOME PLANT SPECIES SPONTANEOUS ORNAMENTAL AND GROWN IN THE SUBURB OF EL HARRACH (ALGIERS, ALGERIA) - BOUTI Fella, DOUMANDJI Salaheddine
49. UTILIZATION OF ASSOCIATION MAPPING IN PLANT BREEDING PROGRAMS - Muhammet ŞAKİROĞLU
50. CROP IMPROVEMENT USING TAL EFFECTORS - HISTORY, MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS FOR PLANT GENOME EDITING - SEBASTIAN SCHORNACK
51. IDENTIFICATION OF A GENE CONTROLLING TOMATO FRUIT TEXTURE - Selman Uluisik 52. COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS AND HETEROTIC EFFECTS FOR COTTON FIBER QUALITY TRAITS
- Remzi Ekinci, Sema Basbag 53. “WHEAT × MAIZE CROSSING SYSTEM” AN EFFICIENT WAY OF PRODUCING DOUBLED
HAPLOIDS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) - Shadab Shaukat, Muhammad Ahsan Khan, Abdus Salam Khan, Muhammad Kashif, Javed Ahmad, Ihsan Khaliq
54. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND FTIR STUDIES ON TUNISIAN VICIA SATIVA SEEDS - Aouida Marwa, Khediri Mannai, Jebara Moez
55. DETERMINATION OF OUTCROSSING DISTANCE AND RATE IN SOME COWPEA (Vigna sinensis L.) ECOTYPES - Özlem AKAN, Tulin BAŞ
56. BREEDING ACTIVITIES OF KASIB NETWORK ON CREATING NEW VARIETIES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA - Zhapayev R., Zelenskiy Y., Karabayev M., Tsigankov V., Sereda G., Chudinov V., Bekenova L., Belan I., Tyslenko A., Ganeyev V., Shamanin V., Akhmetova A., Abugaliyeva A., Morgounov A.
57. ANALYSIS OF BREAD MAKING QUALITY PARAMETERS OF TAJIK WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES - Eva Johansson, Hafiz Muminjanov, Larisa Gustavsson, Marufqul Mahkamov
16
58. VARIATION OF COLEOPTILE LENGTH IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINTER WHEAT GERMPLASM AND ITS EFFECT ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS - E. Koc, B. Akın, S.Belen, N. Gummadov, U. Kucukozdemir, E. Ozer, I. Ozturk, K.Subasi, A.Morgounov
59. IDENTIFICATION OF CLEMENTINE × BODRUM MANDARIN HYBRIDS USING PCR-BASED RAPD MARKERS - Zeynel DALKILIÇ, Ahmet Rıza AĞIR, Anıl AYDOĞANLAR, Kağan AVCILAR
60. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEEDLING AND ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE FOR YELLOW AND LEAF RUST IN WINTER WHEAT - K. Subasi, K. Akan, B. Akin, E. Koc, Z. Mert, K. Nazari, I. Ozseven, A. Morgunov
61. POSSIBILITIES OF LEGUME FORAGE SEED PRODUCTION IN TURKEY - Aybegün TON, A. Emin ANLARSAL
62. IDENTIFICATION OF BROADLY ADAPTED WINTER WHEAT GENOTYPES BASED ON INTERNATIONAL TRIALS - Gummadov N., Akin B., Keser M., Koc E., Sharma R. C., Subasi K., Morgounov A.
63. THE PROBLEMS OF LEGUME FORAGE SEED PRODUCTION IN TURKEY, Aybegün TON, A. Emin ANLARSAL
64. DISCRIMINATION OF TUNISIAN CULTIVATED OATS USING ELECTROPHORESIS OF AVENIN PROTEIN PATTERN IN MATURE SEEDS, Manel BORGI, CHIBANI Farhat, ZOGHLAMI Najia, BOUAMAMA Badra, Abdelwahed GHORBEL
65. AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. USING SEMI SOLID AGAR GELLED PRIMED SEEDS AS EXPLANT - S. D. Royandezagh, K. M. Khawar
66. VERNALIZATION – AN EPIGENETIC SWITCH - Jie Song, Andrew Angel, Martin Howard, Caroline Dean
67. PLOIDY DETERMINATION IN Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn POPULATIONS COLLECTED FROM EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY BY USING FLOW CYTOMETER - Gulsemin Savas Tuna, Gulru Yucel, Huseyin Keles, Ilker Nizam, Evren Cabi, Metin Tuna
17
A PROPOSAL FOR CITRUS DIVERSIFICATION IN MOROCCO
Handaji N., N. Arsalane, Essalhi M., Label K., Aderdour T., H. Benyahia
BP.257, INRA KENITRA MAROC
Absract
Citrus is regarded as a universal fruit being produced on all six continents. It is the most important tree crop, having a world production far exceeding that of deciduous fruit. Morocco is one of major citrus producing countries in the world. Having nearly 118000 ha with yearly production of 2,2 millions tones of witch 52,7% of small citrus and 45,5% of oranges and of witch over than 50% intended to export. There is tendency to increase the number of citrus cultivars with the high quality because of domestic or export market in the future. The main objectives of the scion breeding program are to develop new mandarins and oranges cultivars suitables for fresh fruit market. Three major approaches are being used; the first breeding work relied on the selection from bud mutation and chance seedling. The second major component of breeding is development of hybrids early and late maturing mandarin types through hybridization. The end approach is based on biotechnology. Most of emphasis in this program is development of seedless triploids hybrids. This paper reports the characteristics of some cultivars recently realized by the INRA El Menzeh Experiment station and the promising selection under study. Many hybrids, having promising fruit quality attributes, are recommended for larger trials to evaluate yield potential and commercial acceptance of fruit.
Key words: Citrus/ Cultivars/ breeding/ Quality/ Selection
18
EVALUATION OF FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS AMONG NATURALLY GROWN WILD FRUIT ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA GENOTYPES IN TURKEY
Asuman CANSEVa, Yasemin Şahanb, Emine Aydinc, Ayşe N. Dundard, Dilek Dulgere, F. Betul Kaplanf,
Asli Kilcig a Uludag Univ., Faculty of Agric., Dep. of Horticulture, TR 16059 Bursa, Turkey, [email protected] bUludag Univ., Faculty of Agric., Dep. of Food Eng., TR 16059 Bursa, Turkey cUludag Univ., Keles Voc. High School, Dep. of Food Tech.,Bursa, Turkey dUludag Univ., Yenisehir Ibrahim Orhan Voc. High School, Dep. of Food Tech., Bursa, Turkey eİstanbul Aydın Univ., Anadolu Bil Voc. High School, Dep. of Flour and Bakery Products Tech., Istanbul, Turkey fPamukkale Univ., Faculty of Engineering, Dep. of Food Eng., Denizli, Turkey gUludag Univ., Faculty of Science and Arts, Dep. of Chemistry,TR 16059 Bursa, Turkey
Absract
Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia) belongs to Elaeagnus L. genus and the Elaeagnaceae family. This species shows a broad geographical range, occurring widely in Asia and Europe. Although this species is used as an ornamental tree in many European cities, it is widely cultivated for its edible fruits in Middle and East Anatolia. It is consumed as fresh fruit but may also be dried and eaten as an appetizer. In addition, this fruit is used as an alternative medicine for fever, against kidney disorders (inflammation or kidney stone) and diarrhea. Although it grows almost everywhere in Turkey, use of its fruits is limited. In this study, fruit characteristics among 25 E. angustifolia genotypes collected from various regions of Turkey were determined. Results revealed that fruit weights varied between 1.57-2.85 g, fruit diameter between 0.99-1.67 cm, fruit length between 1.38-2.73 cm and seed diameter and length varied between 0.49-0.59 cm and 1.19-2.27 cm, respectively. Statistically significant differences among these genotypes were found for the fruit and seed characters studied.
*This research was supported by grant from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No: TOVAG 110 O 060).
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DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BELL PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.) LINES AND CULTIVARS RESISTANT TO TOSPOVIRUS AND TOBAMOVIRUS USING MOLECULAR BREEDING METHODS
Duran ŞİMŞEK
Bircan Seed, Antalya
Abstract Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) may severly hamper pepper production. Both TMV and TSWV resistance are needed in and around the Mediterranean region. The objective of this study was to develop pepper lines resistant to TMV and TSWV viruses using L3, L4, and Tsw linked molecular markers in a marker assisted backcrosing program. The 2400 plants obtained from backcrossing and selfing were tested with the molecular markers, and single plant selection for agronomic characters was carried out. The 45 lines with resistance for TMV and TSWV were crossed with susceptible parental lines to create 100 multi virus resistant candidate hybrids. The three F1 hybrid were determined to be canditate commercialy acceptable F1 hybrids. Results showed that molecular assisted backcrossing along with single plant selection for agronomic characters are suitable to develop multi-virus resistant hybrid pepper cultivars.
Key words: Pepper, L3, L4, Tsw
20
SELECTION FOR OBTAINING TOBACCO GENOTIPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
Ana KORUBIN-ALEKSOSKA
Scientific tobacco institute–Prilep, University of "St. Kliment Ohridski"– Bitola, Republic of Macedonia
Abstract
The oriental aromatic sun-cured tobacco does not require large quantities of water, but certain amounts of precipitation during the growing season are still necessary for obtaining a good quality raw material. The shortage of rain and possibilities for irrigation can be overcome by selection of varieties tolerant to drought. Tobacco Institute – Prilep has developed programs for investigation of the assortment and improvement of the existing varieties and creation of new genotypes. The investigation included eight varieties belonging to different types of tobacco, a part of which have been commercially used in the Republic of Macedonia and others are kept for further breeding. The trial was set up in the Experimental field of the Institute during 2012, 2013 and 2014 in randomized blocks with three replications. Each variant was investigated in conditions with and without irrigation. The aim of the paper was to study the oriental varieties in order to obtain data on their tolerance to drought and to supply material for further selection. Drought tolerance was determined by classical breeding methods based on phenotypic expression of morphological and production traits. For this purpose, modern breeding programs are using molecular markers in different stages of the selection process. The highest degree of tolerance to drought was observed in genotypes P–84, P 12–2/1 and P–2. These genotypes can be included in the programs for improvement of the investigated trait.
Keywords: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.); oriental varieties; morphological traits; production traits; tolerance to drought.
21
ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE SYSTEM IN CHROMIUM (VI) - TREATED TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. & TRITICUM DURUM DESF. SEEDLINGS
ALAYAT Amel 1*, SOUIKI Linda2, BOUMEDRIS Zine Eddine1, BENOSMANE Sana1, MOUMENI Ouissem1, BENAMARA Maroua1, AMAMRA Rima1, OTMANI Hadjer1 and DJEBAR Mohammed Réda1
1 Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, 23000, Algeria
2 Department of Biology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, 24000, Algeria
Abstract:
Chromium is one of the most widely used metals in the industry; it is mainly present in the environment in two forms: the Cr (III) and Cr (VI). The hexavalent form, found in industrial effluents, is highly toxic and highly soluble in water. This solubility gives it great mobility in ecosystems, makes it easily absorbed by plants and therefore rapidly toxic. Chromium can cause oxidative damage by increasing the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species and reduced antioxidant power of the cell. Excess Chrome disrupts several physiological metabolisms in the plant such as photosynthesis, water uptake and minerals, evapotranspiration or respiration. As a result of mineral deficiencies, dehydration and oxidation of cellular components which cause chlorosis, root browning and slower growth eventually leading to death of the plant. In this work, we set out to assess the impact of chromium on the growth of wheat plants, the relative water content, as well as some of the antioxidant system enzymes such as catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and examine differences in these parameters between a variety of durum wheat (simeto) and a variety of wheat (HD1220). The results illustrate a stressful effect of chromium on the two varieties of durum and soft wheat. First, we observed inhibition of plant growth is to say a reduction of the average length of the roots and leaves as well as a reduction in water potential. On the other hand, the presence of chromium in leaves resulted in both cereals studied inhibition of enzyme activity.
Key words: Chromium, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Antioxidant enzymes, toxicity, oxidative stress.
22
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TOLERANCE OF FIFTEEN CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS TO SALT STRESS
Ait El Aouad Bouchra½, Aderdour Tarik1/2, Talha Abd Elhak1, Benkirane Rachid2, Benyahia Hamid1. 1Regional Institute for Agricultural Research Kenitra, Research Unit on plant breeding and conservation of plant genetic resources, Maroc 2Ibn Tofail University of Kenitra, microorganisms Laboratory of Plant Protection, Maroc [email protected] Abstract Citrus are classified among the most sensitive species to salinity. This constraint affects the morpho-physiology of the plant and ultimately leads to a reduction in yields. To assess the effect of salinity on some physio-biochemical parameters in plants of 15 different citrus rootstocks, Citrumelo 57-98-502, Citrumelo swingle F9-22-55 (80-11), Citrumelo 57-98-506, Citrumelo swingle 74-1, Citrumelo Winter Haven B2, Citrange. Carizo 28608, Citrange Troyer C35B6A11, Citrange Troyer B2 31655, Citrumélo 4475 B2G3, Citrumelo 4475 B B6A5, Citrumelo 4475 A B6A4, Citrumelo Sacaton 30057, Gou-Tou SRA 506, C. Volkameriana B2 28613 and Citrange Troyer. An in vivo screening test was performed under controlled saline conditions. Plants were subjected to four salt treatments 0 (control), 2 and 5g NaCl for 90 days in sand culture. Salinity affected all of the parameters under study. The high salt concentrations caused a great reduction in growth parameters such as fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots especially for Citrumelo 57- 98-502 (1), Citrumelo swingle F9-22-55 (80-11) (2), Citrange Carrizo 28608 (F7) and Citrumelo 4475 BB6A5 (F12). These changes were associated with decrease in chlorophyll contents in leaves in Citrumelo 4475 B B6A5. With the increase in salinity level, the proline and sugar contents were increased especially for Citrumelo 4475 A B6A4 and Citrumlo sacaton 30057, and it was concluded that these osmolytes play a key role in generating tolerance against salt stress. Key words: Citrus, rootstocks, salt stress
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RESPONSES OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN FLAVOPARMELIA CAPERATA (L.) HALE TO THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AIR AT TWO URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN AREAS IN THE REGION OF ANNABA (EAST OF
ALGERIA)
Boumedris Zine Eddine 1*, Alayat Amel1, Serradj Ali Ahmed Monia2, Benosmane Sana1 & Djebar Mohammed Réda1
1 Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, 23000, Algeria 2 Laboratory of Environmental and plant biology. Department of Biology. Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, 23000, Algeria. [email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify, in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, antioxidants that may provide indications of stress of air pollution. Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale was transplanted from its natural habitat relatively unpolluted (forest of Bougous) in two polluted areas: urban and semi-urban, for a maximum period of 4 months. The first signs of stress were detected by the increase in the contents of proteins in a significant way in space thereafter, by the increase very highly significant in the activity of the enzymes Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Guaïacol-peroxidase (GPX) in space. On the other hand Catalase (CAT) presents only significant activity in space. We noted a clear increase in these parameters in the transplants of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale on the level of the urban area compared to the semi urban area. On the other hand, the content of protein and the activity of different enzymes is very low at the control region (forest of Bougous). There are few publications dealing with the interaction of metallic and gaseous pollutants, while they may be present together on the same site (urban or industrial) and thus act in concert on the physiology of lichens. Indeed, our results reflect very well this phenomenon (interaction lead and gaseous pollutants such as the NOx) through increased levels of proteins that normally under the effect of stress will increase their catabolism.
Keywords: lichen, atmospheric pollution, stress, transplantation, enzymes, proteins.
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DIFFERENTIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES TO PLANT-DERIVED SMOKE SOLUTION
Muhammad Mudasar ASLAM1, Muhammad JAMIL2, Amna KHATOON1 & Shafiq Ur REHMAN1
1Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
2Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
Abstract
Plant derived smoke is well known for its promotry effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Aqueous extract of Bauhinia variegate smoke solution having 1:500 dilution was applied on 15 wheat varieties. It was found that seed germination of Shehkar, Local, Iqbal-2000, Pasban-90, Kherman and Fakhr-e-Sarhad varieties of wheat was increased. Root length of Shehkar, Sahar-2006, Pasban-90, Bathai, Fakhr-e-Sarhad, Local and Kherman varieties was also promoted while shoot length was similar to control. Seedling weight of Bathai, Aquab-2000, Naib-Faisalabad, NIFA Bathoor-2008, Shehkar, Iqbal-2000, Kherman and Marvi-2000 varieties were increased by smoke solution. It was noted that seed germination, root length and seedling mass was inhibited by concentrated smoke solution. These results suggest that response of the different varieties of same crop show different response to the same smoke solution. Furthermore, growth promotion in wheat seedlings reflect that smoke solution may be used as a growth promoter which is environment friendly and economically cheap to produce.
Key words: Plant-derived smoke solution, Seed germination, Seedling length.
25
UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC CONTROL OF PATHOGENICITY AND RESISTANCE FOR FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN ONION
A. Taylor1, A. Jackson1, G. Teakle1, R. Harrison2, A. Armitage2, R. De Heer3, T. Ferber3, H. Van Den
Biggelaar3, S. Ott4, L. Baxter4, J.P. Clarkson1
1Warwick Crop Centre, University of Warwick, UK 2East Malling Research, UK 3Hazera Seeds B.V., The Netherlands 4Systems Biology, University of Warwick, UK. Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is a crop which is farmed throughout the world and fungal diseases are one of the major constraints on production. Fusarium oxysporum is an important soilborne pathogen of many crops and has different sub-species (formae speciales) which infect particular hosts. In onion, F. oxysporum forma specialis cepae (FOC) can cause disease at any growth stage resulting in 'damping-off' of seedlings and a basal rot of bulbs with losses estimated at £11M per annum in the UK alone. As FOC produces long-lived chlamydospores that survive in soil for many years, disease management is difficult and has previously relied on chemical approaches. Identifying onions with resistance to FOC is therefore very desirable. A highly pathogenic FOC isolate was used in a rapid screening test with onion seedlings to identify lines with much higher levels of basal rot resistance compared with current commercial cultivars. From this material, new onion populations that segregate for FOC resistance are now being developed to enable identification of resistance markers and the breeding of a basal rot resistant cultivar. This will potentially offer a more sustainable option for onion basal rot control in the future. Research is also investigating the genetic basis for pathogenicity in FOC. Through infection studies and whole genome sequencing using a diverse range of pathogenic and non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates from onion, we identified an almost complete correlation between pathogenicity and the presence of putative effector genes, some of which have homologues in other F. oxysporum formae speciales.
26
GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS STUDY AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH NDVI UNDER TERMINAL WATER DEFICIT AND WELL-IRRIGATED CONDITIONS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF
AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.).
Mekliche A.1, Hanifi-Mekliche L.1, Aïdaoui A.1, Monneveux Ph.2
1Laboratoire de recherche « Production Végétale » Département de Phytotechnie Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ex INA), El-Harrach, Alger, Algérie ;
2 SUPAGRO Montpellier (present adress : CIP, LA MOLINA 1895, LA MOLINA, LIMA, PERU)
Abstract
Six (1991) and four (1992) wheat varieties (one variety of Triticum durum Desf. in the two tests and five in the first and three in the second test of Triticum aestivum L.) were studied in two (1991) and three (1992) different water regimes: full irrigation (R1), mild water stress (R3) and severe water stress (R2) at Magneraud (France). Traits evaluated were grain yield and its components, Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between regimes and among the cultivars for all traits except between regimes for thousand grains weight in 1991. The regime × variety interaction was significant for grain yield, thousand grains weight and NDVI in 1992 and for grain yield in 1991. For all traits durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) has the highest reduction in the two water stress than the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Correlations studies revealed that grain yield, grains number/m², thousand grains weight and NDVI were associated with each other except for correlations between thousand grains weight on one hand and grain yield (1992) and grains number/m² (1991) on the other hand. 51.55 %, 27.88 %, 4.12 % (1991) and 75 %, 43 % and 20.2 % (1992) of grain yield, grains/m² and thousand grains weight variability respectively were explained by means NDVI variability. The grain yield and grains number/m² could be predicted using a single regression, with NDVI.
Keywords: Grain yield, grain yield components, NDVI, durum wheat and bread wheat
27
STUDY OF THE VARIABILITY OF AGRONOMIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 10 CLONES CLEMENTINE (CITRUS CLEMENTINA)
ESSALHI EL Mustapha1/2, BRHADDA Najiba 2, GMIRA Najib2, BENYAHYA Hamid1, ARSALANE Najat1,
HANDAJI Najat1 1 BP.257 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Kenitra, Maroc 2Université ibn toufail, Faculté des sciences Kenitra. Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ressources Naturelles, Maroc [email protected]
Abstract
In Morocco, the citrus industry has an important place at the National level and especially for the export of small citrus fruits, such as clementine. The objective of this study is to evaluate the variability of fruit quality and production of some clones clementine. 10 varieties of clementine grafted onto the troyer citrange, were planted at a density of 6 X 4 m² at the area of El Menzeh Kenitra in Morocco. The biochemical composition of fruits was studied for five years. Sugar, acidity, number of seed per fruit, average fruit weight, the percentage of juice and the ratio sugar content and acidity were defined. For the characters studied, analysis of the results showed great variability among clones clementine, sugar content varies between 7 and 13.4 with the sweetest clones Sidi Aisa, Marisol, and Berkane Jnv- 1, in addition the acidity varies from 0.47 to 1.51 with a low content in Berkane clones and NID-1. In addition outputs from 8 Kg minimum value as observed in Sidi Aisa and 113 Kg observed in NID-1. The variability of the composition of fruits highlighted will be the basis for a genetic and biotechnological improvement program.
Keywords: Citrus, Clementine, Improvement, Quality
28
EFFECT OF GERMINATION TIME ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SESAME SEEDS (SESAMUM INDICUM .L)
H.RIZKI1, F.KZAIBER2, M.ELHARFI1, H.LATRACH1, H.HANINE1.
1Laboratory of valorisation and security of food products, FST Beni-Mellal, Beni-Mellal, Morocco. 2Laboratory of applied spectro-chimie and environnement, FST Beni-Mellal, Beni-Mellal, Morocco. [email protected] Abstract
Germinated sesame seeds rich in bioactive antioxidant substances are used extensively as an important ingredient in daily food preparations and herbal formulations. The present study was carried out to identify active antioxidant principles, the changes of chemical composition and functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds before, during, and after germination. Sesame seeds were germinated for 168 hours; the replicates of 100 seeds were place in Petri dishes with filter paper.30 seeds per Petri dish were randomly selected, and measured for the germination ratio and the changes in root length. A collective sample of 100 seeds from the replicates was used to estimate their weight changes, phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols, antioxidant activity and chemical compounds. More than 70% of the seeds germinated after day 2. At the end of day 3, close to 95% of sesame seeds had already germinated, the most weight gain occurred between day 3 and day 4. The most significant seedling growth, evidenced by the most increase in sesame root length, was observed from day 2 to day 3, reaching 4.76 cm after day 3. Phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols contents were found in sesame seeds during germination with high quantity, the content of those compounds were increased steadily from the first until the day 4 of germination, this study indicates the potential of germinated sesame seeds for the development of effective physiologically bioactive compounds.
29
TOWARD CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF FOOD CEREALS AND LEGUMES GENETIC RESOURCES IN SAUDI ARABIA
Salem S. Alghamdi
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Massive loss of valuable plant species in the past centuries and its adverse impact on environmental and socioeconomic values has triggered the conservation of plant resources. Changes in farming practices, influx of breeds and cultivars from elsewhere and introduction of parasites and pathogens could result in loss of priceless genetic material. Activities addressing conservation of plant genetic resources have started recently in the collage of food and agricultural sciences at the King Saud University. In 2008, a food legume research unit was established at the college of agriculture with the main mandate of improvement of legume crops utilizing classical and modern tools. The importance of cereals and legume crops in food security is undoubtful as a source of protein and carbohydrates. For that, this project is raised to sustainable manage of cereals and legumes genetic diversity, guide national efforts to strengthen the contribution of these genetic resources and their products to food security and rural development and to prevent the erosion of these resources from the kingdom through collection, documentation, conservation and evaluation of these resources to be used in crop improvement. Appropriate identification and characterization of plant materials is essential for the successful conservation of plant resources and to ensure their sustainable useMolecular tools developed in the past few years provide easy, less laborious means for assigning known and unknown plant taxa. These techniques answer many new evolutionary and taxonomic questions, which were not previously possible with only phenotypic methods. These techniques differ in their resolving power to detect genetic differences, type of data they generate and their applicability to particular taxonomic levels. More than 100 accessions represented cereals and legume species were collected and conserved in the legume research unit (genebank) at department of plant production/ College of food and agricultural sciences/King Saud University and one copy from these accessions were prepared to be conserved at the national gene bank at The Ministry of Agriculture. The collected accessions from germplasms of barley, Wheat, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Chickpea, cowpea, Corn, Trigonella, mungbean, Lintel, Alfalfa, Rice, and faba bean were morphological characterization and seed increased. Molecular characterization was assessed using SRAP and AFLP markers for these accessions. The results of morphological and molecular showed wide intra and inter genetic diversity among accessions collected from these crops. This information will be useful for breeding programs to improve local germplasm for harsh environments. To assist in establishing cereal and legumes germplasm data base, gather information in relation with crops genetic resources status of conservation especially dedicated for old crops varieties, a professional questionnaire was developed. Descriptor list for cereals and legumes (wheat and faba bean) an examples was proposed to be used in description and evaluation of cereal and legume.
30
EFFECT OF GAMMA RAY IRRADIATION ON THE VARIABILITY OF SOME QUALITY CRITERIA IN MARISOL CLEMENTINE
Aderdour Tarik1/2, Ait El Aouad Bouchra½, Arsalane Najat 1, BenYahia Hamid 1, Brhadda Najiba 4, et
Handaji Najat 1
1Regional Institute for Agricultural Research Kenitra, Research Unit on plant breeding and conservation of plant genetic resources, Kenitra, Maroc 2Ibn Tofail University of Kenitra, microorganisms Laboratory of Plant Protection, Kenitra, Maroc
Abstract
Citrus fruits are a great socio-economic importance nationally. This work is part of a program of improvement and genetic diversification of citrus its purpose is to study the variability of selection criteria related to the quality of the fruit. 107 clones of clementine were applied by from gamma ray irradiation Buds Marisol’s clementine. They were grafted onto macrophylla and planted with a spacing of 3x5 m2. The evaluation was focused on the organoleptic and pomological criteria. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control and irradiated clones Clementine (Marisol) for all variables studied (sugar content, number of seeds per fruit, average fruit weight and percentage of juice and maturity index) except for the acidity of the fruit. Four clones of clementine from irradiation were selected because of the good quality (seedless fruits, large caliber) and later that Marisol clementine. Keywords: Citrus, clémentines, irradiation, variability, quality.
31
STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY OF QUALITY TRAITS AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AMONG
CLEMENTINES CULTIVARS EL MustaphaESSALHI 1/2, Hamid BENYAHYA1, Najiba BRHADDA 2, Najib GMIRA2, Najat ARSALANE 1,
Najat HANDAJI 1
1 BP.257 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Kenitra 2 Université Ibn toufail, Faculté des sciences Kenitra. laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ressources Naturelles [email protected] Abstract
The Moroccan citrus sector is one of the most important sectors of the national economy and plays an important socio-economic role. However varietal profile is restricted. Fot that, this study was undertaken evaluate genetic variability of quality and agronomic traits among 10 clementines cultivars grafted on troyer citrange rootstock. The trial was planted with density of 6 X 4 m² in INRA Morocco. During five years of study, statistic analysis showed great variability among clones clementine for all traits as sugar content (E), acidity (A), seed number per fruit, average fruit weight, juice content, maturity ratio (E/A) and.yield (kg/tree). Also, year effect is significant. Sugar content varies between 7 and 13.4 with the sweetest clones Sidi Aisa, Marisol, and Berkane Jnv- 1, the acidity varies from 0.47 to 1.51 with a low content in Berkane clones and Janvier-1.. These results prove that the genetic variability among clementines can provide parents basis for citrus improvement program.
Keywords: Citrus, Clementine, breeding, genetic variability, Quality, agronomic traits
32
NEXT GENERATION CROPS: INTEGRATING PROTEOMICS APPROACHES TOWARD SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Goritsa RAKLEOVA1, Ivelin PANCHEV1, Atanas ATANASSOV2, Magdalena TCHORBADJIEVA1
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, Dragan Tzankov Str. 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria 2Joint Genomic Center, Dragan Tzankov Str. 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract
Food shortages will be one of the most critical world issues by mid-21st century. The world population will increase to 9 billion people till 2050. That would call for a 70 % increase in food to meet demand. However, the main part of the land that is not already being farmed is with suboptimal characteristics for plant growth. In order to meet all these challenges, the genes and proteins that build the architecture of crop plants as well as stress resistance and tolerance must be identified to improve the crop productivity. Understanding the basics of these mechanisms is of considerable interest for building up agriculture breeding strategies which to result in sustainable productivity. DNA markers have been extensively used in plant breeding to follow the inheritance of major genes. However in the last decade the application of proteomics technologies to advance our knowledge in crop plant abiotic stress tolerance have gained increasing importance. A key advantage of proteomics over other “Omics” techniques is its possibility to reveal post-translational modifications (PTMs), which is a precondition for determining their functional impact on crop plant productivity. The two main techniques widely used in the proteomics field are two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography (LC) followed by varieties of mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis. Systems biology approach, that includes proteomics, holds great promise for crop improvements and for the future of agriculture as a whole.
33
IDENTIFICATION OF WATER-USE-EFFICIENCY QTL IN BRASSICA OLERACEA
Sajjad Awan1, Peter Walley1, Guy Barker1, Graham Teakle1, Graham Farquhar2, and Andrew Thompson3
1School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, CV35 9EF, UK; 2ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Canberra, Australia; 3Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, University of Cranfield, UK.
Abstract
Global changes in climatic conditions are expected to upsurge the intensity and spatial extent of drought caused by higher evapotranspiration driven by high temperature and erratic rainfall distribution. Rapid rise in world population also demands higher agricultural input efficiencies from new cultivars. The aim of present work is to improve our understanding of the genetic control of WUE by using genetic and genomic resources available in B. oleracea. During this study, phenotypic characterisation of a segregating mapping population (A12DHd x GDDH33) was carried out to identify WUE QTL. Subsequently, a panel of (A12DHd x GDDH33) substitution lines and 99 members of a B. oleracea Diversity Fixed Foundation Set (DFFS) were characterised under field and glasshouse conditions. Characterisation was achieved by measuring carbon isotope composition (δ13C), transpiration (δ18O), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and specific leaf area (g DW cm-2). The above-ground dry biomass was also measured to establish if WUE gains were at the expense of crop productivity. As a result of both field and glasshouse phenotyping an interesting substitution line (SL118) have been identified with significant QTL on BoLG01, BoLG06 and BoLG07 for WUE. Further characterisation of substitution lines using SNP markers and association mapping is targeted at providing molecular markers for WUE to facilitate genetic improvement of crops to allow sustainable production where water resources are limiting.
34
ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN FOREST TREE POPULATIONS USING MOLECULAR MARKERS: A CASE STUDY ON PINUS SYLVESTRIS
Behiye Banu BILGEN1, Deniz GUNEY2 and Nuray KAYA3 1-Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, 59000 Tekirdağ-TURKEY, [email protected] 2-Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, 61080 Trabzon-TURKEY 3-Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 07058 Antalya-TURKEY In this study, the use of molecular markers for assessment of the genetic diversity in forest tree populations is determined. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed member of the Pinaceae family in the world and the most southern populations of P. sylvestris lie in Turkey. Six cpSSR loci and 4 nSSR loci were analyzed. A total of 32 alleles and 78 alleles were determined for six cpSSR and four nSSR loci, respectively. The chloroplast microsatellite alleles were combined in 87 different haplotypes. 65.52% of the determined haplotypes were private and/or unique. Genetic diversity parameters for cpSSR; mean observed number of alleles was 4.07, effective allele number was 2.56, Shannon’s information index was 0.98. Genetic diversity parameters for nSSR; mean observed number of alleles was 12.75, effective allele number was 5.86, observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.667 and 0.758, respectively. AMOVA results for cpSSR and nSSR revealed that the genetic diversity within populations was very high proportion (99.3 % and 98 % respectively). Although the populations studied are the most southern populations of P. sylvestris, they still have high genetic variation. Populations with higher genetic variation have potential for adaptation to a changing environment. The results of our study suggest that populations with higher genetic variation should be given high priority for forestry practices such as selection of seed sources and in situ conservation activities. The most convenient populations for these purposes should be determined with strong emphasis on the consideration of geographic region and elevation gradients.
35
CORRELATION BETWEEN LIGNIN AMOUNT IN CORTEX AND CHERRY ROOTSTOCK VIGOUR
Hasan Cumhur Sarısu, Ömer Faruk Karamürsel, Fatma Pınar Öztürk, İsmail Demirtaş, İbrahim Gür,
Hakkı Koçal, Mehmet Aksu, Zehra Babalık, Şafak Sekmen Fruit Research Station, Egirdir, Isparta, TURKEY
Abstract
Cherries are important temperate fruits in Turkey. Prunus avium L., Prunus mahalep L. and Prunus cerasus L. seedlings and clones are used for cherries as rootstocks. Recently, hybrid rootstocks which have been obtained crosses between different species are also used in cherry growing. These rootstocks have been classified with vigour and adaptation talents to soil conditions. Dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks are important for decreasing of growing costs such as handling, pruning etc. in fresh sweet cherry cultivation. Selection or hybridization breeding in fruit rootstocks takes a long time. In this study, we looked for answer whether lignin in the cortex related to rootstocks vigour or not. We examined SL-64 (Prunus mahalep L.), Gisela 6 (P. cerasus × P. canescens), Gisela 5 (P. cerasus × P. canescens) standard rootstocks and K1, S13, KS5, S4 that we selected them from wild Prunus cerasus L. populations in Turkey. Lignin amounts of cortex in these rootstocks have been investigated via histological methods. Lignin layer measured with computer analysis program in tissue cross sections which were stained with safranin. Eventually, the highest lignin level was measured in the cortex of the strongest rootstock (SL-64; 185.38 µm). The lowest lignin level was 41.28 µm in the S4 which was the most dwarf rootstock. It was found positive correlation between K1, S13, KS5 and S4 lignin levels and their vigour. This method may be used for pre-selection in rootstocks breeding.
36
EXPRESSION OF PL6 GENE IN LEAVES OF TWO NILs AFTER INFECTION WITH SPORES OF Plasmopara halstedii
Nataša Ćurčić1 , Ljiljana Prokić2 , Siniša Jocić3, Dragan Škorić4, Dejana Panković1
1 Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia,
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
3 Institute of field and vegetable crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
4Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Begrade Branch in Novi Sad, Nikole Pašića 6, 21000 Novi Sad
ABSTRACT
Pl6 is a downy mildew resistance gene belonging to the class of TIR-NBS-LRR plant resistance genes. It is identified on linkage group 8 of the public sunflower genetic map and confers resistance to at least 11 races of P. halstedii. The aim of this work was to examine the early response of Pl6 gene to downy mildew infection in sunflower near isogenic lines. Sunflower seed of two NILs, with and without Pl6 gene, i.e. resistant and susceptible to downy mildew were surface sterilized and germinated. Healthy and uniform seedlings were transfered to trays with a mixture of peat:sand (3V:1V). Plants were grown in climate chamber at light intensity 10 000-12 000 lux (16h), temperature 17-190C and 70% humidity. When the first pair of true leaves appeared plants were spreyed with water (control) or with suspension of spores of P. halstedii (race 730). In the time period of 2 to 96 hours after treatment leaves were harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was isolated by RNAeasy kit (Quiagen). cDNA, synthetised by RevertAid First Stand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Fermentas) was used as template in PCR to examine the expression pattern of Pl6 gene. The amplicifation product was digested with RsaI and HhaI restriction enyzmes. Fragment of the same size ( 800 bp) was expressed constitutively in both NIL’s. The more significant difference between susceptible and resistant lines that was observed after digestion with resitriction enzymes is presented and disscussed. The results contribute to better understanding of sunflower resistance to downy mildew.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The research is co-financed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (Project No. III43010).
37
IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN STRAWBERRY
ANDREW D. ARMITAGE1, CHARLOTTE F. NELLIST1, ROBERT J. VICKERSTAFF1 AND RICHARD J.
HARRISON1
1East Malling Research, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
Abstract
The UK strawberry industry faces major challenges, with growers encountering increasing unpredictable and variable weather conditions, as well as the withdrawal of many fungicides and soil fumigants. These challenges are resulting in increased crop losses due to soil-borne diseases such as strawberry crown rot and strawberry red core, caused by the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora fragariae, respectively. The aim of the project is to identify and characterise pathogen effectors necessary for the infection process as well as identify and map resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in strawberry (Fragariae spp.). These markers for pathogen resistance will then be pyramided in parental germplasm, leading to disease resistant strawberry cultivars. Mapping populations segregating for resistance to P. cactorum and P. fragariae have been established and are being screened for resistance/susceptibility. The mapping populations have been SNP genotyped to produce a highly saturated octoploid strawberry linkage map. Genome sequencing of strawberry P. cactorum has shown that the RxLR and crinkler compliments are different between isolates. RNAseq experiments will allow the identification of key effectors and help determine the genetic basis for pathogen-host interactions. By studying both pathogen and host diversity simultaneously, this will enable us to provide more durable resistance against these devastating soil-borne pathogens.
38
AN EVERGREEN USEFUL METHOD: USE OF EMBRYO CULTURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESYNTHESIZED RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) FORMS DSIPLAYING EDIBLE OIL QUALITY
Fatih SEYİS
Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Field Crops Department, Kirazlık Mahallesi, Katori Mevki, Pazar/RİZE
Abstract
To broaden the diversity within Brassica napus gene pool, studies on resynthesis of rapeseed through crossing of selected subspecies of Brassica rapa L. and Brassica oleracea L. and obtaining plants through in vitro culture of isolated embryos in the early stage of their development have been published based on several investigations. It has been proved, that resynthesized plants are distinct from cultivars of winter oilseed rape which are bred and cultivated nowadays, so they would serve as sources of new genetic variability in rapeseed breeding programmes, including cytoplasmic and nuclear male sterility, resistance to diseases, insect or nematode pests and tolerance to cold, salt and drought conditions. The use embyo culture technique in Brassica species were ndeveloped in 1930’ s, but up to now it serves as a effective agent in the development of new germplasm for further Brassica breeding. The use of embryo culture in Brassica napus breeding programmes will be discussed in detail.
39
SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: PLACING CROP GENETIC IMPROVEMENT INTO CONTEXT
IAN CRUTE
Agriculture & Horticulture Development Board, Stoneleigh Park, Warwickshire, CV8 2TL, UK
Abstract
During the last decade the need to increase the quantity and nutritional quality of food has been widely accepted as a global challenge with high priority; the reasons for this have been well elaborated in the “Perfect Storm” scenario enunciated since 2007. However, a step change in agricultural system performance is required to achieve a long-term balance between food supply and demand in the face of projected global climate change and the need to halt or reverse environmental degradation. Requirements for land, fresh water and other resources will have to reduce (or at least not increase) while production per unit of resource use is increased. This objective is captured in the concept of “sustainable intensification”. The genetic improvement of crops for yield and quality is a fundamental component of future production systems defined by their increased resource-use efficiency. However, genetic knowledge and technologies do not, on their own, deliver the required outcomes. The routes to delivery of practical outcomes from advances in science and technology are diverse and complex. They involve many payers and components other than genetic gain (important though this is). This paper will seek to place the importance of crop genetic improvement into the wider context of science and the management of agricultural systems. It is necessary to recognise the need for integration of knowledge and skills throughout the complex network of interactions that lie between progress in the research laboratory and increased productivity in farmers’ fields.
40
THE BEHAVIOUR DYNAMIC OF THE ALTERNATIVE MODEL PARAMECIUM SP. TREATED BY A PESTICIDE
Benamara M, Benosmane S, Berrebah H, Djebar M.R
Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology
Po Box 12, 23000. Annaba - Algeria
Abstract:
The abusive use of the pesticides had procreated an important loss of balance up to standard of the different ecosystem and the freshwater particularly. Our work is based and aimed to study the toxic effect of an fungicidal widely used in Algeria, on a alternative biological pattern (model), bioindicator of pollution Paramecium sp. In the beginning, we were interested to follow of the growth kinetics. Our results show an inhibition of the growth and disturbance in the motion of microorganisms. Biochemical assays showed a significant increase in the rate of the total protein. However, the application of the biomarker has firstly shown a significant reduction of the catalase and on the other hand, it showed a disturbance in the AChE activity.
Keywords: fungicide, Paramecium sp., toxicity, xénoéstrogen, CAT, AchE.
41
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTRIBUTION TO VALORIZATION OF SOME VARIETIES OF OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA
Jihane OUMATO1, Saadia ZRIRA1, Bouchta SAIDI1, Mohammed BOUJNAH2
1Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II. B.P. 6202. Madinat Al Irfane. Rabat
2INRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomique - Rabat
Abstract: The cactus is a xerophytic plant that produces edible fruit and fodder for livestock. His snowshoes are rich in water and nutrients. It can be considered an adequate species for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid, thanks to its drought resistance and its contribution in the diet of humans and livestock. In Morocco, as in other North African countries, the species of cactus the most widespread are dillenii Opuntia, Opuntia vulgaris, Opuntia compressa and Opuntia ficus indica. The latter is the main species that produces edible fruits (prickly pears). The aim of this work is to determine the morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of some Opuntia Ficus Indica cultivars the most abundant in Morocco, and to extract the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for flavor by Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with Gaz- Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). This work based also to valorize the plant through the production of candied fruits and flavored yoghurts. These new products will be subject to hedonic tests and various monitoring and controls, among other things, compariason the chemical composition of candied fruit with that of fresh and microbilogical conrole to ensure good quality and product stability. This work will allow te realice a cartography of Opuntia Ficus Indica cultivars traited , it will alwo allow the implementation of two new products on the market: Candied fruits and flavored yogurts and to assure the popularization of the virtues of these products and integrate them into the field of the agro-industry.
Key words: Opuntia Ficus Indica, volatile organic compounds, SPME, GC-MS, candied fruits, flavored yoghurts
42
CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) CALLUS INDUCTION
Zohra IGHILHARIZ
Biology Department, Nature and life Sciences Faculty, University of Oran 1 , Algeria.
ABSTRACT:
Chickpea Callus induction of was studied in leaflets and internodes of three cultivars, ICC 3996 C, Zouaoui and Flip 82 150 C on MS (Murashige and Skoog) nutrient medium, supplemented with several hormonal combinations of 2, 4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). The results show that rates of callus production was significantly influenced at 5 % level, by individual and interactive genotype, explants source, hormonal balance added to the nutrient medium effects. Among the genotypes tested, Zouaoui cultivar showed better callogenic ability (61, 66%) compared to ICC 3996 C (50, 66%) and Flip 82 150 C (45, 75%). The two types of explants explained different reactivity. Internodes were significantly more callogenic and formed 61, 66 % of produced callus, whereas with leaflets, only 45% were obtained. In addition, from the range of hormonal regime tested, MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP 0, 5 mg 2, 4-D, or 0,5 mg/l NAA with 2,25 mg/l BAP, expressed the greatest callus formation rate with respectively 76,80% and 71,92%. However, MS containing 2, 4-D or NAA without cytokinine, showed low percentages of produced callus.
Key words: Cicer arietinum L., Genotype, Growth regulators, Iinternodes, Leaflets.
43
SNP DISCOVERY AND SUBSEQUENT USE
Stuart J. Lucas1, Bala Anı Akpınar2, Burcu Alptekin2, Hikmet Budak1,2
1Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Universite Cad. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 2Sabancı University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Universite Cad. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul Abstract Molecular markers have an important role in modern crop improvement, as they enable breeders rapidly to screen large numbers of plants for traits for which the phenotype cannot easily be measured – the basis of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). Among the many marker types that have been developed, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) offer unparalled opportunities for research and breeding. SNPs are by far the most abundant and ubiquitous differences between any two genomes, meaning that they are highly effective for resolving the location of important trait genes. They are also readily amenable to high-throughput screening. In the last decade, Next-Generation Sequencing techniques have provided a rapid increase in the availability of crop genome sequences, which are a rich resource for SNP discovery. We are mining the recently published draft genome sequences of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to discover SNPs that will be a useful tool for improving a crop whose large, complex genome and low recombination rate have been a major hindrance to genetic mapping and marker-assisted breeding. The challenges of accurately identifying SNPs in NGS datasets from complex genomes will be discussed, along with the bioinformatic tools and strategies available to address them. Technical methods available for employing SNPs in breeding programmes will also be presented. Using these methods, it is becoming increasingly possible to screen and select for complex, multi-component traits such as drought resistance.
44
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM LEAF SEGMENTS OF FIG (FICUS CARICA L. CV. ‘SARILOP’)
Damla TURAN BÜYÜKDİNÇ ¹ Gonca GÜNVER DALKILIDz
¹ Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Department of Horticulture Rize, Turkey ² Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Aydın, Turkey [email protected] Abstract Somatic embryogenesis has a considerable potential of quick formation and genetic transformation studies of fig. In this study, multiple somatic embryo is targeted via direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis using leaf segments of “Sarılop” fig cultivar which has a good fresh and drying quality. The apical buds taken from “Sarılop” fig trees in November and March were proliferated in Murashige-Skoog (MS) nutrient medium, then developed leaves were used as explants. Callus (66.66%) were obtained on the leaves in spring K-2 combination (2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L kinetin) of MS medium for indirect somatic embryogenesis, but somatic embryo growth was not acquired. For direct somatic embryo formation, leaf explants were cultivated in MS medium containing TDZ (Thidiazuron) and 2IP (N6-2-isopentenyladenine) combinations, and callus formation, explant elongation, root formation and embryo formation were observed. In elongation of leaf explants, the longest leaf length is measured as 3.09 cm on average in spring. The highest root formation ratio (42.76%) and the highest embryo formation ratio (20%) were obtained in spring regenerants of DE-4 (MS + 2 mg/L TDZ + 8 mg/L 2IP) combination. Somatic embryo per explant is 0.83. In DE-2 (MS + 2 mg/L TDZ + 4 mg/L 2IP) medium, 83% callus growth ratio was observed.
Keywords: Fig, Ficus carica L.,’’Sarılop‟, somatic embryogenesis.
45
EFFECTS OF THREE FUNGICIDES WIDELY USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF WHEAT SEED ON MYCELIAL GROWTH OF THE TARGET PEST FUSARIUM SP.
Djekoun M*, Berrebah H, Djebar M.R
Laboratory of Cell Toxicology , Department of Biology, Badji Mokhtar University. PO Box 12, 23000. Annaba. Algeria.
Abstract:
Fusarium wilt attack the plants of major economic interest including wheat. This disease causes many problems for farmers and economic loss resulting are often very heavy. Chemical control is currently one of the most effective ways to fight against these diseases. In this study, the efficacy of three fungicides (tebuconazole, thiram and fludioxonil - difenoconazole mixture) was tested, in vitro, on the phytopathogenic Fusarium sp. isolated from seeds of wheat. The active ingredients were tested at different concentrations: 0.06, 1.39, 2.79, 5.58 and 11.16 mg/l for tebuconazole, 0.026, 0.052, 0.105, 0.21 and 0.42 mg/l for thiram and finally, for the mixture fludioxonil- difenoconazole 4 concentrations were tested : 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l. Toxicity responses were expressed as effective concentration, which inhibits mycelial growth by 50%, (EC50). Of the three selected fungicides, thirame proved to be the most effective with EC50 value of the order of 0.15 mg/l followed by the mixture of fludioxonil - difenoconazole with 0.27 mg/l and finally tebuconazole with a value of 3.79 mg / l.
Keywords: Fusarium sp., thiram, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, difenoconazole, EC50
46
A BETTER RUBISCO FOR CROPS: IMPROVING CROP PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH INCREASED PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Doug Orr, André Alcântara, Elizabete Carmo-Silva, John Andralojc, Martin Parry
Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
Abstract Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase) enables net carbon fixation through the carboxylation of RuBP during photosynthesis. Rubisco first evolved 3 billion years ago, in a CO2-rich environment with very little molecular oxygen. The enzyme found in land plants today resulted from multiple changes in the primary structure that accumulated slowly over the aeons. Some characteristics of Rubisco are still constrained by its ancient reaction mechanism, making the enzyme surprisingly inefficient and compromising photosynthetic productivity in current and future crops. Even though only a small fraction of the diverse forms of Rubisco have been characterized, natural variation in its catalytic properties has already been seen. This suggests that further natural variation in Rubisco characteristics exists in nature. Selection of a better Rubisco has the potential to deliver improved photosynthetic performance in specific crops and environments. Establishing natural variation in Rubisco kinetics in search of a better enzyme is one of the objectives of RIPE: Realising Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency for Sustainable Increases in Crop Yield. Germplasm has been selected for screening Rubisco catalytic properties on the basis of fast plant growth rates (predicted to have fast carboxylation rates) and performance under less favourable conditions such as hot-arid environments (predicted to have high CO2/O2 specificity). Rubisco catalytic properties are being characterised in the selected genotypes to identify superior Rubisco forms that can be exploited to improve photosynthesis in the RIPE mandate crops: rice, soybean and cassava. Presented will be catalytic data from a diverse range of plant species.
47
GENETIC STUDIES ON SEED YIELD AND STRESS TOLERANCE RELATED TRAITS IN SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CROSSES
Zine El Abidine Fellahi 1,*, Abderrahmane Hannachi 1, Hamenna Bouzerzour 2
1Algerian National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRAA), Research Unit of Setif, Algeria. 2Ecology & Biology Dept., Fac. Life and Natural Sciences, LVRBN Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Algeria. [email protected]
Abstract
The present study was carried out at the National Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Unit of Setif, during 2012/13 crop season. This study aimed to determine the inheritance mechanism of yield and some traits related to abiotic stress tolerance in F1 and F2 populations of two spring wheat crosses (Acsad1135 × Hidhab and Ain Abid × Rmada). Significant genotypic differences were observed within and among the studied generations for all the traits under consideration. F2 broad sense heritability estimates were moderately high for chlorophyll content (0.67-0.57), Plant height (0.61-0.80), spike length (0.50-0.62) and thousand-grain weight (0.72-0.55), but were somewhat lower for grain yield (0.44-0.17). A large number of effective genes, involved in the genetic control of yield indicated polygenic inheritance of this trait. Gain from selection is amendable by selection for all the traits. Desirable significant heterosis was found for all traits except chlorophyll content and thousand-grain weight in both crosses. Inbreeding depression was observed in both crosses for plant height (3.05 - 0.22), thousand-grain weight (13.54-12.31) and grain yield (44.17-21.63). Potence ratio indicated partial to over-dominance for all studied traits in the two crosses except for plant height in the cross Ain Abid × Rmada, suggesting that delayed selection would be better to practice. Altogether, the obtained results indicated that the crosses understudy would be of interest in the breeding program and an effective progress for yield improvement in the considered populations can be made through selection under rainfed environment.
Keywords: Bread wheat, heterosis, inbreeding depression, semi-arid, variances, yield.
48
IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR MODELING OF CHORISMATE SYNTHASE (CS) PROTEINS IN PLANTS
Ertugrul FILIZ1 Ibrahim KOC2
1 Duzce University, Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, 81750, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey
2Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
Abstract
The shikimate pathway is crucial for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in fungi, bacteria, and plant species and the chorismate synthase (EC 4.6.1.4) is one of the most important enzymes in shikimate pathway. In this study, we have performed in silico analyses of CS genes and proteins in six plant species, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Glycine max, Populus trichocarpa, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, and Zea mays. Based on domain analyses, all CS proteins contained chorismate synthase (Pfam:01264) domain and all CS were in slightly basic in character except for G. max. The analyses of sub-cellular prediction revealed that all CSs were predicted to be localized in chloroplast. The interacting partners of CS were found as including 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, chorismate mutase, anthranilate mutase, p-aminobenzoate, and isochorismate synthase. In silico analysis of CS gene expression profile showed that the highest ratio of expression level was found in leaves in both tomato and maize among different anatomical parts. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that green alga, monocot, and dicots separated from each other, but monocot and dicot clustered in group A. According to the 3D structure and active site analysis of CSs, some structural and sequence divergence were detected. Notably, green alga C. reinhardtii indicated more diverged 3D structure and active site than other higher plants.
49
RESISTANCE GENE ENRICHMENT SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN R GENE IDENTIFICATION IN CROP AND MODEL SPECIES
OLIVER J. FURZER1, VOLKAN ÇEVIK1AND JONATHAN D. G. JONES1
1The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Abstract
In plants, strong immunity against pathogens and pests such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, oomycetes and insects is conferred by so-called Resistance genes (R genes). R genes typically encode nucleotide binding, leucine rich repeat proteins (NB-LRRs). R gene enrichment sequencing (“RenSeq”) is a state of the art, RNA bait based method, that can be used to select the putative NB-LRR encoding gene complement of a plant DNA sample (Jupe et al, 2013, The Plant Journal). Such enrichment makes both the sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analyses more efficient. My presentation will focus on two main applications of this method. The first is the identification of functional R genes using RenSeq in combination with either classical or forward genetics. RenSeq was developed for this purpose in the Solanaceae. We applied the method to the Brassicaceae, including accessions and bulk segregant pools of Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. We used RenSeq data and a “next-generation mapping” approach to identify several novel R genes in A. thaliana against White Rust pathogen species. Secondly, I will highlight the potential of RenSeq in the study of the natural diversity of NB-LRR encoding genes. In A. thaliana, large-scale sequencing projects have revealed that NB-LRR clusters are incredibly diverse and difficult to resolve using short Illumina reads. We are using RenSeq to build up our knowledge of the diversity of NB-LRRs and are using this information to further our understanding of the evolutionary history of these fascinating genes.
50
A PIPELINE FOR EFFECTOR DISCOVERY USING NGS AND ITS APPLICATION IN MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING
RICHARD HARRISON1, CHARLOTTE NELLIST1, ROBERT VICKERSTAFF1, SOPHIEN KAMOUN2 AND
ANDREW ARMITAGE1
1East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK.
2The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Abstract
Pathogen effectors are important tools in plant breeding, as the frequency and patterns of molecular variation can be utilized to determine the evolutionary pressures acting upon them. Interpreting the variation in the subset of effectors that are detected by known resistance genes allows plant breeders to make judgments about which resistance genes to pyramid. Resistance genes detecting effectors under the greatest degree of evolutionary constraint may, in combination, provide long lasting resistance. This could be equally applicable to quantitative and major gene resistances. Genome sequencing now allows the rapid and affordable characterization of pathogens at the population level, however the current state of the art genome sequencing technologies lead to fragmented genome assemblies and difficulties in assigning effectors into orthologous groups and unambiguously identifying lineage-specific effectors. Furthermore, there may be many effectors in pathogen genomes and so the identification of those effectors that cause host recognition is difficult unless supplementary sources of information are present, such as in planta RNA sequencing data and rapid assays to screen effectors. A set of bioinformatics tools to aid effector classification is presented, along with a strategy for using these effectors as a tool for screening the host for resistance.
51
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THIRAM ON MAIZE
Ilgın AKPINAR1, Muammer ÜNAL2
1İstanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey,
Abstract
In our study, the effects of fungicide, thiram, on germination rates, root growth, total peroxidase were studied on maize (Zea mays L.). For the germination and physiological experiments, seeds of maize was treated with one of the most common fungucide thiram in different doses (80,160 and 240 µM/L). Maize (Zea mays L.) seeds were obtained from the Pioneer Company of Turkey. Seeds were surface sterilized in 1% NaOCl (w/v) for 20 min, rinsed with distilled water, and imbibed for 12 h. After imbibition, the seeds were placed in petri plates containing moist filter paper in the dark at 25 °C in an incubator for totally 5 days. The first leaves and roots of treated and control plants were harvested 72h and 120h after the start of the thiram treatment, frozen in liquid N2, and stored at -80 °C until analysis. Some morphological defects occurred on the root tips of maize treated with thiram. The root elongation was inhibited by the treatment with thiram . In conclusion, thiram showed negative effects on germination rates, root morphology, root elongation and POX activity. At the end of this research, physiological effects of fungicides have been detected on plants, which haven’t been targeted. We realized that fungicides which under the group of other pesticides are all harmful on plants. Because of that for protecting nature and environment preventing the pollution on the agricultural fields more ecological techniques and biocontrol agents have to be use by farmers and researchers.
Key words: Physiological effects, Fungicide, Maize, Thiram.
52
RECENT INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENICITY OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA
Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, TR Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Ea), is a highly virulent necrogenic vascular disease in Rosaceae family. Three main classes of virulence genes (ams, hrp and dsp) are crucial in Ea. The hrp-associated enzymes region contains five genes, including three hrp-associated systemic virulence genes, which have not been found within other bacterial pathogenicity islands. The pathogenicity of Ea involves a hrp-dsp gene cluster including secretion genes that encode constituent proteins of a type III secretion system (TTSS), and genes encoding secreted proteins that contribute to virulence, and regulatory genes. The hrp/hrc region contains regulatory genes (hrpL, hrpS and hrpXY), hrc genes constitute the core structural components of the TTSS, including HrpA, a pilin protein, elicitor regions encode two harpin proteins (HrpN and HrpW). The effector genes [eop1, eop3 (hopX1), eop4 (avrRpt2), dspA/E, and hopPtoC (hopC1)] and several chaperones (dspF/B, esc1 (orfC), and esc3) play a considerable role in virulence. Protein lysine acetylation (LysAc) profiles in Ea alter the ability to cause disease on different apple genotypes. In addition, AmyR, an amylovoran repressor, is an orphan protein and is characterized as a negative regulator of EPS production in Ea. The RcsCDB, promoter of the ams operon involved in amylovoran biosynthesis, system is demonstrated to be essential for virulence. Recently, the multiple Hfq-dependent sRNAs, a novel sRNA RmaA, rpoN gene and ArcZ, which has a pleiotropic regulation of all major virulence factors characterized in Ea has been evidenced to control various virulence functions and the pathogenicity. In conclusion, gaining insight into infection strategies by Ea and defense mechanisms of the host plant is crucial in obtaining a fire-blight-free environment.
53
THE ROLE OF THE POPLAR FOR THE PHYTOEXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL AND INVESTIGATION OF POPLAR GENES RESPONSIBLE IN TOLERANCE TO BORON TOXICITY
Kubilay Yildirim1, Dilek Kaya Ozdogan2, Teoman Kahraman3
1Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey, 2Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 3Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, Izmit, Turkey Abstract
Boron pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems affecting more than 20% of agricultural area in Turkey. The present study investigated the capacity of some populus species (Populus alba, Populus nigra and hybrid poplar) for the phytomanagement of boron. For this purpose, we established pot trial including one year old poplar seedlings. Then boron treatment was applied within the irrigation water to these seedlings over the course of a growing season. The total concentration of boron was measured in the roots, stems, green leaves, fallen leaves, and thecorresponding soil. Our results indicated that all poplar species could resist 8 ppm boron contamination in the soil. At this critical level poplar leaves had an average B concentration of 1050 mg/kg, while the stems contained 120 mg/kg B. Leaf B concentrations increased linearly with leaf age and the fallen leaves had higher boron concentrations. Boron has an important usage in wood industry as a fire retardant. Therefore, the wood material obtained from the boron treated seedling were subjected to a burning test in the study. The results of this test indicated that the wood that is obtained from the boron treated seedlings were 18% resistant to fire compared to control materials. The study revealed that the poplar is an excellent species for phytoextraction of boron from the contaminated sites. Harvesting alternate rows of trees on contaminated soils or river sites would remove boron and produce high quality wood material that is resistant to fire. In the study, the tolerant and sesceptible poplar clones have been also identified to compare gene profilies under different boron toxicty levels. Totally 36 Affymetrix poplar genome arrays was used to study differential gene expression in the leaves and the roots of the boron senstive and tolerant poplar clones
54
PHENOTYPING PATHOGEN RESISTANCE IN CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY ROOTS USING
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING
HELEN COCKERTON, BO LI, RICHARD J. HARRISON
1
East Malling Research (EMR), New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a major soil-borne pathogen that causes a vascular wilt disease in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) leading to substantial crop loses. The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans has been reported to form a disease complex with V. dahliae on the host plant strawberry. Specifically, the presence of P. penetrans, activates the disease potential of V. dahliae at levels below the threshold that would normally cause disease. Thus far, eleven V. dahliae resistance loci have been identified through aboveground phenotyping. The development of a belowground phenotyping system using hyperspectral imaging will allow a faster and more comprehensive assessment of disease symptoms. Preliminary experiments have determined a root water index that can quantify the hydration level of roots. It is believed that the occlusion of xylem vessels by V. dahliae will allow the root water index to be used as an infection indicator. Screening of a mapping population segregating for resistance to P. penetrans will assist with the confirmation of known quantitative trait loci (QTL) and also the identification of novel QTL controlling resistance to both pathogens. Ultimately, the natural resistance alleles present in cultivated strawberry and their wild relatives may be pyramided into high quality fruit lines in order to produce commercial cultivars with robust resistance to V. dahliae and P. penetrans.
55
MOLECULAR MARKERS CORRELATED WITH FRUITS CHARACTERS IN OLIVE
Meryem Ipek1, Murat Seker2, Ahmet Ipek1
1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey 2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Şırnak University, Şırnak, Turkey
Abstract
Olive has long juvenile period which restricts breeding studies in this important fruit crop. Therefore, molecular markers linked to traits of interest are highly desirable in olive to improve breeding and other genetic studies. In this study, in order to identify molecular markers significantly associated with fruit traits, an olive core collection were characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and fruit traits. A total of 168 polymorphic AFLP markers and seven fruit traits including fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, stone weight, stone width, stone length and total polyphenols contents were used in correlation analysis. The correlation analysis with multiple regression analysis (MRA) with stepwise addition of AFLP markers revealed five AFLP markers significantly correlated with fruit weight, fruit length, stone weight, stone length and total polyphenols (P < 0.05). The EACA/MCAT4382 marker correlated with four traits including fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, stone weight, and stone length. Only marker (EAGG/MCTC9246) had correlation with total polyphenols contents of olive fruits. Molecular makers correlated with fruit traits could be useful to increase selection efficiency of breeding programs in olive.
56
FUTURE-PROOFING POTATO – PROTECTING TUBERIZATION FROM ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS
WAYNE MORRIS1, ROBERT HANCOCK1, LAURENCE DUCREUX1, PETE HEDLEY1, JENNY MORRIS1,
GLENN BRYAN1, SUSAN VERRALL2, MUHAMMAD USMAN3, MARK TAYLOR1
1Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5HZ, UK. 2Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5HZ. 3Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. Abstract
Potato is the third most important food crop in the world with global crop production exceeding 300 MT. The sensitivity of tuber yield to temperature is a serious constraint to production in many areas. Good tuber yield under high temperature is thus increasingly becoming a target for potato breeders. As heat stress tolerance is likely to be multi-genic, characterising the responses to elevated temperatures is necessary to develop heat tolerant potato genotypes either by conventional or transgenic approaches. Although a number of studies have previously examined heat stress responses in potato they have primarily focussed on responses to heat shock or the immediate acclimation phase following a shift to elevated temperature. Our study focuses on the impact of high temperatures following acclimation of tuberizing plants to either normal daytime (22oC) or elevated (30oC) temperature. We have combined physiological, biochemical and molecular analyses with a detailed time series of transcriptional and metabolite profiles in both leaves and tubers. Our data suggests that following acclimation potato plants grown under elevated temperatures are not subject to stress and that observed yield reductions are instead the result of systemic transcriptional reprogramming that results in alterations in carbon partitioning, shifts in metabolite pools and favours aerial over tuber growth. We have also characterised the biochemical and transcriptional responses in two divergent potato genotypes under contrasting day length regimes and revealed new insights into tuberization, particularly the presence of an additional StSP6A allele that is associated with tuber formation under long day-length conditions.
57
EVALUATION OF ADVANCED CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) ACCESSIONS BASED ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE INDICES AND SSR MARKERS AGAINST DIFFERENT WATER TREATMENTS
Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Aslam*1, Hina Ali2, Tariq Mahmud Shah2
1Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan ABSTRACT Chickpea is mainly grown in marginal lands and faces problem of erratic rainfall that causes lack of water availability especially during terminal growth stages. Therefore, evaluation of chickpea genotypes for drought tolerance especially at terminal growth stages is very effective for marginal lands. Forty chickpea advanced lines were grown under three different water regimes; T1: one irrigation during field bed preparation and 2nd irrigation at flowering stage, T2: single irrigation applied during field bed preparation, T3: no irrigation given and lysimeter conditions provided in which field beds were protected from rainfall by rain shelters. Same set of the experiment with same treatments was repeated for two years (2012-13 and 2013-14). At physiological maturity data for yield and yield components were collected which were subjected to three factor factorial analysis of variance. Highly significant differences among genotypes and water treatments were observed. Grain yield under rainfed was higher than under irrigated conditions which showed that irrigation at flowering stage was not in favor of yield. Forty genotypes were categorized into four distinct groups on the basis of PCA based biplot for different drought tolerance indices (Stress Tolerance Index, Geometric Mean Productivity, Yield Index, Mean Productivity, Stress Susceptibility Index and Yield Stability Index). Group-1 consists of drought tolerant genotypes and Group-4 consists of susceptible genotypes. Genotypes in Group-2 perform better only under normal conditions while genotypes in Group-3 perform better only under stress conditions. Twenty eight SSR primers were used for sorting out genotypes either as drought tolerant or susceptible and to find association with results of drought tolerance indices. Only nine markers were found to be polymorphic while others were either monomorphic or not amplified. H3DO5 and TA8 with Group-I, TR19 and ICCM0035 with Group-II, ICCM0035 with Group-III and TA25 was strongly correlated with results of Group-IV. Genotypes of group-I (CH16/06, CH81/06 and D097-11) were selected as drought tolerant. Key words: Chickpea, water deficit, Pakistan, irrigation, lysimeter, SSR markers and Biplot graph.
58
CELL TYPE SPECIFIC ANALYSIS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE REGULATORY MECHANISM OF LEAF SENESCENCE
NİHAL GÖREN-SAĞLAM1, VICKY BUCHANAN-WOLLASTON2
1Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Süleymaniye, Istanbul, TURKEY 2 Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV35 9EF, UK.
Abstract
Senescence is an important developmental procedure which is seen in annual crop plants overlaps with the reproductive phase and resulted in death of cell, tissue, organ or the whole plant. Despite of plenty of studies conducted on senescence, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. This may result from the fact that internal and external factors may play a role in the regulation of senescence, solely or together. Of internal factors, especially plant hormones can induce or inhibit senescence. Dark is a very important external factor that induces senescence. Dark induction of senescence has been utilized experimentally as an easy way to study the progress of leaf senescence. In agriculture, leaf senescence is an important crop improvement. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of leaf senescence is important for manipulating senescence for increasing crop yield. Cell-specific resolution of gene activity is critical to understand specific developmental events. However, such high resolution data have been difficult to obtain at a genomic level because specific types of cell need to be isolated. One of the most efficient method to isolate specific cells from neighboring cells in the same organ or tissue is FACS. The isolated cells can be used for genomic analysis. In this study dark-induced senescent Arabidopsis thaliana leaves that the GFP genes transferred were examined. After the protoplasting, GFP cells and other cells were sorted the individual tubes using FACS machine. qPCR and microarray analysis were performed with obtaining cells. The fractions sorted are highly enriched for GFP-containing cells, as demonstrated by qPCR.
59
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SSR AND SRAP MARKERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVEN ACCESSIONS OF CITRUS
Adetula Olagorite National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin P.M.B. 5432, Ibadan, Nigeria. [email protected]
Abstract
Molecular marker techniques allow the analysis and detection of genetic variation at the genomic level. The aim of the study is to compare different molecular markers (SSR and SRAP) and their application in seven citrus characterization. The study would also evaluate the genetic similarity obtained with both markers and compare their effectiveness in estimating genetic similarity among the Citrus accessions. Young leaves of Citrus plant collected from National Center of Citrus Breeding (NCCB), Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) Wuhan, China were used for genomic DNA extraction. Simple sequence Repeat (SSR) and Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to identify, characterize and detect variation among the seven Citrus accessions. Significant molecular marker polymorphisms were detected among seven Citrus. SSR proved to be the most efficient marker because of their capacity to reveal several bands in single amplification. The genetic relationship between the Citrus varieties was determined using Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS) statistical software.
60
PLANT GENOME EDITING USING CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM
Yasin F Dagdas1, Vladimir Nekrasov1, Angela Chaparro Garcia1, Khaoula Belhaj1, Sophien Kamoun1
1 The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, UK
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is a rapidly evolving targeted genome-editing technology that is considered as an alternative to classical breeding and genetic modification techniques. Until recently, genome-editing toolbox contained zinc finger nucleases and TAL effector nucleases. However, due to complicated design and assembly procedures plant biology community did not exploit these tools widely. CRISPR/Cas9 system is an easy and cheap genome editing technique, which has been shown to work in many plant species. A short guide RNA is coexpressed with the Cas9 nuclease for targeted modification of genomic DNA. The customizable flexible design and quick assembly protocols posit CRISPR/Cas9 technique as a game changing technology for crop improvement. In this talk I will present basics and recent advances of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome editing.
61
PRESENT TRENDS IN WINTER OILSEED RAPE BREEDING
Fatih SEYİS
Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Field Crops Department, Kirazlık Mahallesi, Katori Mevki, Pazar/RİZE, TURKEY
Abstract
The breeding of oilseed rape is still largely done using classical breeding techniques and as breeding technologies improve, new methods can and have been incorporated into this process. The breeding process could be shortened using biotechnological methods, with microspores and double haploids Work that was earlier carried out on the field can be now completed in greenhouses and laboratories. Based on this advancement it is possible to produce more than one generation per year and speed up the development of varieties with desired market traits e.g. high oil content etc. The demands of the market change extremely quickly and therefore, breeding techniques that have a quicker turnaround time are required.. With the use of modern technologies you can nearly predict the result of a cross between two different oilseed rape plants. This reduces the lengthy, time intensive and expensive test-cross-breeding in the field. Present trends in winter oilseed breeding will be discussed in detail.
62
RUBISCO PROPERTIES OF WHEAT RELATIVES PROVIDE SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ANNEKE PRINS1, DOUGLAS J. ORR1, P. JOHN ANDRALOJC1, MATTHEW P. REYNOLDS2, ELIZABETE CARMO-SILVA1, MARTIN A. J. PARRY1
1Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ UK.
2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Texcoco CP 56130, Mexico.
Abstract
Rubisco is the key enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Constraints associated with its complex reaction mechanism make the enzyme surprisingly inefficient and limit photosynthetic productivity in current and projected climates. However, natural variation in Rubisco kinetic properties exists and can be exploited to improve photosynthesis in crop species. We have used biochemical activity assays to survey the kinetic properties and specificity factors of Rubisco from 25 Triticeae species, including wild relatives of wheat. Measurements were taken at two temperatures (25 and 35°C). For all genotypes, carboxylation rates were higher at 35°C than 25°C, while specificity factor (Sc/o) was lower at the elevated temperature. A positive correlation was found between carboxylation rate (Vc) and Michaelis-Menten constant for CO2 (Kc), while Vc and Sc/o were inversely related. Some, but not all, of the observed variation was consistent with Rubisco large subunit sequence polymorphism. Through modelling of photosynthetic rate using the measured kinetic parameters, we have identified Rubisco from two Triticeae species that perform better than control wheat Rubisco in a model wheat leaf. These species represent useful candidates for wheat photosynthetic improvement through breeding or other techniques such as genetic engineering.
63
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN APOIDEA AND PLANTS (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) IN THE SUBURB OF EL HARRACH (ALGIERS, ALGERIA)
BOUTI Fella 1 DOUMANDJI Salaheddine1
1 Agri. Forest. zool. Dep., Agri. Sup. Nati. Scho. El Harrach (Algiers)
Abstract:
This study is led during the period going of July 2012 until April 2013, concerning the diversity of the group of Apoidea (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the oriental part of Mitidja. The observations reveal the presence of 47 species of Apoidea, with 2 subspecies of honey bees, 5 families of apoidea represented by 14 Kinds. These 5 families are Apidae with 37,0% abundance, represented by the kinds Apis, Anthophora, Amegilla, Eucera, Melecta, Bombus and Xylocopa. Among Halictidae (30, 9%) there are the kinds Halictus and Lasioglossum. Andrenidae corresponds to 22, 2% of the captured species, with single kind Andrena. Megachilidae (8, 6%) is present by 3 kinds those of the Megachile, Osmia and Heriades. Colletidae is little mentioned with a single species of the kind Hylaeus (1, 2%). The diversity of the sampled species gets closer to the maximal value with a value of the index of Shannon-Weaver equal to 5, 1 bits and equitability equal to 0, 91.
Keywords: Apoidea, El Harrach (Algiers), Andrenidae, Halictidae, Apidae
64
OVERVIEW OF POLLINATION BY THE HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA (L., 1758) (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA, APINAE) OF SOME PLANT SPECIES SPONTANEOUS ORNAMENTAL AND GROWN IN THE
SUBURB OF EL HARRACH (ALGIERS, ALGERIA)
BOUTI Fella 1 DOUMANDJI Salaheddine 1
1Agri. Forest. zool. Dep., Agri. Sup. Nati. Scho. El Harrach (Algiers)
Abstract:
This study was conducted during the period between September 2012 and April 2013 on pollination by honey bees of spontaneous plants in the eastern part of the Mitidja (Algiers, Algeria). For the plant species used by the honey bee and their favorite pastures, a census of the dominant vegetation of the area is made. Vegetation identified during flowering is very diverse. 77 flowering plants were observed during the study divided into 39 botanical families. The most mentioned family is Asteraceae which corresponds to 15.6% of species. During the spring period, 57 species bloom in March and April. They belong to 29 families, 74.0% of the vegetation identified. The abundance of Apis mellifera visits followed on plants is 87.6%. The beginning of the daily activity of these bees is irregular. It can start early in the morning from 6 h 40' or later from 10 h 30' in some cases. The bee activity reached a maximum peak between 11 h 00' and 13 h 00', but at 15 h 00' it start to decrease. The diversity of plants pollinated by Apis mellifera is 3.72 bits, with equal fairness 0.59. The Simpson diversity index calculating floral visits of the honey bee is 0.11. The purpose of the food honey bee foraging plants is studied. Visits for mixed crop of both pollen and nectar represent 52.9%. The number of visits front, as positive affect harvesting pollen, corresponding to 28.5%. But 18.7% are negative or side visits relate exclusively harvest nectar.
Keywords : Apis mellifera, Apoidea, Flora honey, Diversity, floral visit, Mitidja (Algiers)
65
UTILIZATION OF ASSOCIATION MAPPING IN PLANT BREEDING PROGRAMS
Muhammet ŞAKİROĞLU1
1Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars/TURKEY.
Abstract
Mapping the genomic regions that control agronomic traits and using those regions in selection programs could speed the breeding process. There are two mapping approaches widely practiced to achieve the goal. Classical biparental mapping uses two distinct parents and the created linkage between phenotype and markers to detect the chromosomal segments that control the trait of interest. However, Association mapping (AM) uses broad based populations with an aim to detect marker-trait associations by taking advantage of historical linkage disequilibrium (LD). Nevertheless, there are several challenges while conducting AM. One of the practical problems is the elevated number of false positives arisen from population structure. A number of statistical approaches are available to reduce the false positives. Estimating family structure and using as a control factor has been proven to reduce the unreal associations. The other major challenge for wider application of association mapping in plant breeding is the unavailability of a higher number of robust genome-wide markers for many crop species. Candidate gene approaches could serve better tool if the species of interest does not have a well established genomic resources. Recently, high-throughput genotyping strategies becoming more cost effective and could provide a large number of robust markers evenly distributed across the genome and thereby could increase the efficiency of the AM strategies in plant breeding.
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CROP IMPROVEMENT USING TAL EFFECTORS - HISTORY, MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS FOR PLANT GENOME EDITING
SEBASTIAN SCHORNACK
Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
Abstract
Xanthomonas TAL effectors constitute a great example of how plant-microbe research can lead to technological breakthroughs. TAL effectors are bacterial proteins which are secreted from Xanthomonas species into host plant cells. Inside the host nucleus they bind DNA and activate transcription of plant genes to support bacterial infection. The DNA-binding domain of TAL effectors has a unique structure consisting of nearly identical amino acid repeats. However, variations of amino acids 12 and 13 in each repeat facilitate binding to a DNA base with ultimate specificity. By utilising this repeat – DNA base code we can generate customized repeat arrays, resulting in DNA binding domains for any desired DNA sequence. This has led to the generation of TAL DNA binding domain fusions to DNA nucleases which can be employed as molecular scissors to cut DNA in a sequence specific fashion. The cell’s DNA repair machinery subsequently attempts to repair the cut, which often results in loss or insertion of bases. The combination of cutting and imperfect repair enables generation of stop codons or frame shifts which essentially switch off the targeted gene. Sequence specific cuts in addition enable the site-specific integration of novel sequences. In summary, TAL effector nucleases permit genome editing. In this presentation I will briefly summarise history and mechanism of TAL effectors and will provide prominent examples of their use with a focus on applications for improvement of crop plants.
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IDENTIFICATION OF A GENE CONTROLLING TOMATO FRUIT TEXTURE
Selman Uluisik
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK.
Abstract
The cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is probably the most important fruit crop, in the human diet on the basis of amount consumed both as a fresh and processed product. Tomato is also the model for investigating the biological basis of ripening in fleshy fruits. Ripening is an important developmental process involving the expression of hundreds of genes that control the colour, texture and flavour of the fruit. Texture is a particularly important quality attribute, but its molecular basis is highly complex and still relatively poorly understood. Evidence indicates that texture of tomato involves numerous cell wall remodelling events including pectin degradation caused by cell modifying enzymes such as, polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase and pectate lyase . In this project we used the crop wild-species relative Solanum pennellii to resolve quantitative trait locus (QTL) for texture. Introgression lines with S. pennellii segmented in a genetic background of S. lycopersicum (M82) were previously screened and a texture QTL identified on Chromosome 3. Initial experiments have mapped this effect to a 2.1 Mb interval on this chromosome. This project aims to identify the gene under this texture QTL by further linkage mapping and then test candidate gene in transgenic tomato fruits.
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COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS AND HETEROTIC EFFECTS FOR COTTON FIBER QUALITY TRAITS
Remzi Ekinci Sema Basbag
University of Dicle, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey
ABSTRACT
Combining ability analysis and heterotic effects for cotton fiber quality traits were studied in a set of diallel crosses involving six cotton genotypes. The aim of this study was to estimate general combining ability of parents, special combining ability of F1 diallel crosses, heterotic effects of F1 diallel crosses in in the breeding programme to develop high quality cotton varieties. Randomized complete block design was used to test 15 F1 diallel crosses, and 6 parents. Although analysis revealed significant general combining ability effects for all the investigated traits and additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of the traits, analysis revealed significant SCA effects for only fiber fineness and spinning consistency index traits and additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of the traits. General combining ability was found significant for all investigated traits, revealing the important role of additive gene effects. Specific combining ability was found significant for the Mic and SCI, revealing that non-additive gene effects, as dominant or epistatic are important, but not for Len, Str and SFI.
Keywords: Cotton, Fiber Quality, Gene Action, Diallel Analysis
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“WHEAT × MAIZE CROSSING SYSTEM” AN EFFICIENT WAY OF PRODUCING DOUBLED HAPLOIDS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Shadab Shaukat1*, Muhammad Ahsan Khan1, Abdus Salam Khan1, Muhammad Kashif1, Javed Ahmad2, Ihsan Khaliq1
1Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 2Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. [email protected]
Abstract
The conventional breeding methods take 6-7 years, after which stability is achieved. So to avoid this laborious and time consuming job we can produce homozygosity within two years through doubled haploid (DH) technique. Wheat × maize cross have proved to be more efficient in the production of DH lines than the anther or ovule culture techniques, because of its lower genetic specificity and further maize pollens are highly responsive to wheat carpel which ultimately initiate stable propagule population. Wheat is being used as female parent and maize as a male parent for the production of doubled haploid. This technique facilitates the development of homozygous plants within one generation. The system is developed through haploid production, followed by chromosome doubling, to produce homozygous plants in a single generation. DH technology also produced uniformity and homozygosity in our samples.The purpose of this study was to find out the possibilities to improve efficiency of DH production of wheat via various protocols for haploid embryo production. The information so obtained would be very useful for developing a practically feasible haploid breeding program to enhance the wheat production in the country. The development of DH is a significant advancement in wheat breeding because time period required for repeated selection cycles is reduced, valuable homozygous DH lines make the identification of superior genotypes easy.
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND FTIR STUDIES ON TUNISIAN VICIA SATIVA SEEDS
Aouida Marwa1*, Khediri Mannai1, Jebara Moez1
1Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology- Borj Cédria,Tunisia
[email protected] Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in grain legumes can be divided into several groups based on their chemical and physical properties. Non protein amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides, pyrimidine glycosides, isoflavones, tannins, oligosaccharides, saponins, phytates, lectins or protease inhibitors are amongst these properties. In this investigation, preliminary phytochemical screening and functional groups identification of cyanogenic compounds on seeds extracts of Vicia sativa Thus, additional studies need to be carried out to reduce these anti-nutritional factors. Additionally, FTIR spectra proved to be a powerful technique in rapid screening of cyanogenic compounds varieties was performed. Three different subspecies, of Vicia sativa; Vicia sativa ssp sativa, Vicia sativa ssp macrocarpa, and Vicia sativa ssp niga, were subjected to the screening using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. The seed extracts were further tested to investigate the availability of cyanogenic compounds. The use of FTIR spectrum showed the presence of nitrile (C≡N stretching) in the seeds extracts of these three subspecies. The results confirm that Vicia sativa possesses an important content of cyanogenic compounds in grain legumes.
Keywords: Vicia sativa, ANFs, FTIR spectroscopy, C≡N stretching
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DETERMINATION OF OUTCROSSING DISTANCE AND RATE IN SOME COWPEA (Vigna sinensis L.) ECOTYPES
Özlem AKAN Tulin BAŞ
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the outcrossing distances and rate of some local cowpea ecotypes. At the beginning two ecotypes, which is collected from this region before, were used (no:15, black eyed white seeded maternal parent and KK, black seeded paternal parent). At the second repetition of the experiment another local ecotype was included (no:19 as second paternal parent, brown seeded). Morphological markers were used to determine the outcrossing distances of the landraces. Some traits, which are defined in IBPGR’s cowpea descriptor, were used for this purpose. At the first year of the study (2005), to obtain information about the direction and the distance of outcrossing, the landraces were planted in a special arrangement and allowed for outcrossing. At the second year of the study (2006), the seeds obtained from the plants of the first step were grown and observed as the second generation. At the following two years (2007-2008) the study was repeated. The data subjected to cluster analysis and PCA by using NTSYSpc 2.2 version. The plants which were in the same cluster with paternal ecotypes, accepted as outcrossed. At the first study (2005), the outcrossing distance at north, south, east and west was 23m, 32m, 18m and 21m respectively; at the repetation of the study (2007) the outcrossing distance at north, south, east and west was 8m, 5m, 4m and 17m respectively. It is supposed that the differences of outcrossing distance between the two years is based on the ecological (especially the temperature and humidity) factors and the differences between the activities of the pollinator insects in that conditions. Although it is supposed to obtain natural outcrossing ratios by using inheritance of seed-colour character, reliable results could not obtain because of the complication of seed colour inheritance.
Key words: Vigna sinensis L., cowpea, outcrossing rate, outcrossing distance, cluster analysis, morphologic markers
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BREEDING ACTIVITIES OF KASIB NETWORK ON CREATING NEW VARIETIES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA
Zhapayev R.,1 Zelenskiy Y.,1 Karabayev M.,1 Tsigankov V.,3 Sereda G.,3 Chudinov V.,3 Bekenova
L.,3 Belan I.,3 Tyslenko A.,4 Ganeyev V.,3 Shamanin V.,3 Akhmetova A.,1 Abugaliyeva A.,3 Morgounov A.2
1CIMMYT-Kazakhstan, PO 1443, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
2CIMMYT, PO Box 39, Emek 06511, Ankara, Turkey 3Kazakh-Siberian Network of Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB), c/o CIMMYT 4 All-Russian Institute for Organic Fertilizers and Peat, Russia
Abstract
Spring wheat is the main food crop in North Kazakhstan, Western Siberia, Ural, Altay, and Volga regions. This area represents relatively uniform conditions growing close to 20 million ha of spring wheat. Average wheat yield is 1.0-1.8 t/ha depending on the year, and in favorable years up to 2.5 t/ha. The drought conditions, fertile soils and the grown genotypes provide with high protein (13-18%) and gluten (25-34%) content. Wheat varieties grown in the regions are primarily developed by the public research institutions. In 2000 CIMMYT established the Kazakhstan-Siberia Network of Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB), which unites now 19 breeding and research programs of Kazakhstan and Russia. The goal of KASIB is to improve the breeding of spring wheat in Kazakhstan and Siberia through the exchange of new varieties and involving international germplasm to the breeding process. Over 600 varieties and advanced lines of bread and durum wheat have been studied in KASIB nurseries within 15 years. "Shuttle breeding" program between KASIB and CIMMYT-Mexico was established to integrate resistance to leaf and stem rusts into local germplasm under Kazakh-Shuttle Breeding Nurseries (KSBN). On the base of CIMMYT's genetic recourses and "Shuttle material" the local breeders developed a range of new varieties of spring wheat such as Stepnaya 60, CIMKAR 20, Sigma, Niva Priirtishiya, Ayna and triticale such as Amigo, Norman and Carmen. Thus, KASIB become a very effective Network contributing to breeding of spring wheat in high latitude regions.
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ANALYSIS OF BREAD MAKING QUALITY PARAMETERS OF TAJIK WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES
Eva Johansson1, Hafiz Muminjanov2, Larisa Gustavsson1, Marufqul Mahkamov 1, 2 1SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2TAU, Tajikistan, [email protected]
Wheat is a major crop for human consumption in a number of countries around the world. Because of the large consumption, wheat has a crucial role into the daily diet of human. The seed storage components are important while consumed and also for baking bread or production of other types of food from the grain flour. This work has focused on the evaluation of wheat quality of Tajik wheat varieties and lines using a numbers of quality parameters. The protein composition and content, thousand kernel weight, wet gluten, gluten deformation index, glassiness, bread volume, total and dry gluten, falling number, water absorption and dough strength was analysed. A high variation in protein composition was found among the investigated wheat varieties and lines. The most widely present HMW-GS were 2*, 7+9 or 7+8 and 5+10 encoded on Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1. The investigated wheat varieties and lines were largely found to be inhomogeneous for the protein composition i.e. several types of HMW-GS were found in the same wheat varieties and lines. Seventeen varieties/lines out of 22 were found to carry glutenin subunits 5+10 encoded on Glu-D1 which is positively correlated to gluten strength and bread making quality. The lines Vorona and Tnmu/munta showed high protein concentration and the lines Cmn82a, Yn3np, Tam200 and Skauz showed higher gluten strength as compared to the other cultivars and lines evaluated. The lines Yusufi and Sarvar shoved the highest bread volume among the investigated varieties/lines and also compared to the standard variety. Also two mentioned lines shoved higher value of dough strength as compared to the other lines. Significantly positive and negative correlations were found between different protein fractions and quality parameters. Significantly positive correlation was found between extractable large monomeric proteins (eLMP), unextractable small monomeric proteins (uSMP) and gluten index. The total extractable proteins (TOTE) also correlated significantly and positively with wet gluten.
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VARIATION OF COLEOPTILE LENGTH IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINTER WHEAT GERMPLASM AND ITS EFFECT ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS
E.Koc1*, B. Akın1, S.Belen2, N. Gummadov1 , U. Kucukozdemir3, E. Ozer4, I. Ozturk5, K. Subasi1, A.
Morgounov1
1CIMMYT, Ankara, Turkey 2–Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Eskisehir, Turkey 3–East Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, Erzurum, Turkey 4–Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey 5–Thrace Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted during season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 in the field and at room conditions at CIMMYT office in Ankara, Turkey. The main objective of this study was to determine the coleoptile lengths of synthetic lines, landraces and modern germplasm and its effect on agronomic traits. Coleoptile lengths were measured after 14th day and classified into four groups: under 5 cm is short group, between 5-5,9 cm is medium group, 6-6,9 cm is medium-long group and bigger than 7 cm is long coleoptile group. Coleoptile length of synthetic lines was found mostly in short and medium group, landraces showed normal distribution and 17 landraces were measured longer than 7 cm and included in long coleoptile group, modern germplasms were measured mostly under 5 cm in short coleoptile group. Correlation was found between coleoptile length and plant height of modern germplasm had positive and significant but in landraces had poor correlation. Positive correlation of spike parameters with coleoptile length was effective on yield in synthetics. Positive but non-significant correlation was found between coleoptile length with 1000KW and yield in landraces and modern germplasm.
Key Words: Coleoptile, synthetic, landrace, modern germplasm, correlation.
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IDENTIFICATION OF CLEMENTINE × BODRUM MANDARIN HYBRIDS USING PCR-BASED RAPD MARKERS
Zeynel DALKILIÇ1, Ahmet Rıza AĞIR2, Anıl AYDOĞANLAR2, Kağan AVCILAR2
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, South Campus 09100 Aydın, Turkey,
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the DNA fingerprinting of the hybrids obtained from Clementine × Bodrum mandarin controlled crosses using RAPD markers in PCR analysis. Twenty four flowers at the white balloon stage were hand pollinated on 13 April 2013. Fruit were harvested on 04 October 2013. Eleven seeds with testa (+) and 11 seeds without testa (-) obtained from one fruit were sown in Petri dishes containing two-layer moistened Whatman papers. Seeds were incubated at 30°C in an incubator until germinated. Total DNA from the fresh leaves of germinated seeds was extracted using a commercial kit. Total of 15 µl solution mixture and seven different 10-mer primers (P) were used during PCR analysis. PCR program used is as follows: 1) 94°C 5 min, 2) 94°C 30 s, 3) 35°C 30 s, 4) 72°C 1 min, 5) go to 2 × 34 cycle, 6) 72°C 5 min, 7) hold at 4°C to ∞. After amplified DNA samples were run on 1% agarose prepared with 0.5% TBE buffer, their photographs were taken under ultravolet light. When bant is present or absent, ‘1’ or ‘0’ is recorded, respectively. Fruit set was 16.7% and seed number per fruit was 16.25. The seeds sown without testa started to and finished germination earlier than that of with testa. While seedlings from without testa had more leaves than that of with testa, they had similar seedling diameter and lesses height than that of testa. Out of seven RAPD primers used, three polymorphic and total of 21 bands were obtained. P3, P5, and P8 primers had one polymorphic band each and total of three, five, and six bands, respectively. Seedling Nos. 6+, 7+, 8+, 9+, 10+, 3-, 5-, and 9- were different than the other seedling showing polymorphism which identifed their hybrid nature
Key words: Citrus reticulata, C.deliciosa, hand-made crossing, seed germination, RAPD markers, PCR, DNA fingerprinting
* Prepared in the Bachelor of Science (B. S.) BB402 Project and Thesis Study course
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEEDLING AND ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE FOR YELLOW AND LEAF RUST IN WINTER WHEAT
K. Subasi1*, K. Akan2, B. Akin1, E. Koc1, Z. Mert2, K. Nazari3, I. Ozseven4, A. Morgunov1
1 CIMMYT, Ankara, Turkey 2 Central Research Institute for Field Crop, Ankara, Turkey 3 ICARDA, Izmir, Turkey 4 Maize Research Station, Sakarya, Turkey [email protected]
Abstract
This study was conducted in the season of 2012-13. The relation between resistance of winter wheat during seedling and adult plant stages against to yellow rust and leaf rust reactions has been determined. International Winter Wheat Improve Program (IWWIP) crossing program genotypes and advanced genotypes came from outside have been used as material of the study. For seedling plant reactions have determined in Ankara Yenimahalle Locations greenhouse condition. The material was inoculated with local Pt and Pst populations. Stripe and leaf stem rust development on each entry were scored twice using the McNeal scale (0-9) and PBI scale (0-4) respectively and when the susceptible check Little Club and Demir 2000had reached 8 and 3 respectively. For adult plant reactions; The Modified Cobb Scale method has been used to evaluate the disease data that is collected from Sakarya, Ankara-Ikizce and Izmir locations fields. The correlation between Ikizce-Ankara and Izmir locations for yellow rust were positive and significant. Besides, considering the number of lines used in this study, it can be observed that number of adult plant resistance is relatively high. The number of major genes against to leaf rust was found higher than yellow rust in Crossing block genotypes. Breeding lines and varieties with resistance to both rusts have been identified.
Key Words: Leaf rust, yellow rust, wheat, adult-plant, seedling
77
POSSIBILITIES OF LEGUME FORAGE SEED PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
Aybegün TON1 A.Emin ANLARSAL1
1 Çukurova Üniversity, Agricultural Faculty Field Crop Department
Abstract
There are suitable ecological regions of Turkey for seed production of legume forage crops. High-quality seed is essential for good field stands. At the stage of blooming and seed maturation low humidity and high temperature can cause to reduction in seed yield. Seed crops should be produced taking into consideration with seed production rules. Control of seed quality in seed production must conform to statutes of National Certification Standart. High yields of good quality seed are obtained under good management such as sowing time and rate, irragation, fertilizer, weed control, storage conditions isolation distance and certification rules. Public organizations should cooparate with the contracted farmers to produce forage seed. The farmer producing seed crop should market their products with satisfactory prices.
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IDENTIFICATION OF BROADLY ADAPTED WINTER WHEAT GENOTYPES BASED ON INTERNATIONAL TRIALS
Gummadov N.1, Akin B.1, Keser M.2, Koc E.1, Sharma R. C.3, Subasi K.1, Morgounov A.1
1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Emek, Ankara, Turkey 2International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Emek, Ankara, Turkey 3International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Tashkent, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted 2013-2014 growing season in 27 countries including in twelve countries under rainfed conditions and fifteen countries under irrigated condition in the context of International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP: www.iwwip.org). Two trials were conducted: 17th International Winter Wheat Yield Trial for irrigated conditions (IWWYT-IRR) and 16th IWWYT for semi-arid conditions. The trials were conducted in randomized block design, with 2 replications. Thirty six varieties including checks were used in eachtrial. Main objective of the study was identification of broadly adapted winter wheat genotypes. Grain yield, plant height, days to heading, test weight and kernel thousand weight were measured in the trial. According to the average yield and its stabilitythe following lines from 16th IWWYT-SA lines were the best: 9907 (T67/X84W063-9-45//KARL92/3/GUN91/MNCH/4/SAULESKU#44/TR810200), 9918 (W0405D /HGF112//W7469C/HCF012/3/MERCAN-2), 9931 (OK05204), 9932 (BC01007-7), and 9933 (CO050322). The best performance in 6 locations with average yield under 3 t/h was obtained from lines 9907, 9920 (MV DALMA//SHARK/F4105W2.1), 9928 (KARL//CTK /VEE /3/ F1502W9.01 /4/STEPHENS), 9932 and 9933. In the 17th IWWYT-IRR the highest yield and stability was observed for lines 9815 (SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/BAGCI2002), 9816 (TAM200/HBB313E//2158 (OK98697)/5/SITE/MO/4/NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/MIRLO/BUC/6/JGR/CUSTER//JGR* (OK0062278)), 9822 (KARL//CTK/VEE/3/F1502W9.01/4/STEPHENS), 9830 (TURKOAZ) and 9933 (ATTILA/2* PASTOR//YUMAI 29). Eleven lines from 16th IWWYT-SA and seven lines from the 17th IWWYT-IRR showed better performance than local checks. The lines with superior performance can be used as potential variety candidates or parents for crosses.
Key words: Winter bread wheat, grain yield and adaptation
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THE PROBLEMS OF LEGUME FORAGE SEED PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
Aybegün TON1* A.Emin ANLARSAL1
1Çukurova Üniversity, Agricultural Faculty Field Crop Department
Abstract
Alfalfa, common vetch, sainfoin and clover are most important among the forage crops cultivated in Turkey. Some cultivars belonging to above the mentioned species have been developed in Turkey. However, seed production quantity and demand/supply rate have varied from year to year due to changing sowing area. Seed production quantitiy in Turkey is too low to meet the needs of legume forage seeds. Generally certificed alfalfa and vetch seed production is higher sainfoin. Farmers haven’t got custom of variety using and their seed is expensive. Generally, the farmers are using the seeds that they produce on their own. Some farmers use imported seed. The farmers should provide cheaper seed and through an easier way. Widespread using certified seed will increase profitability and quality of forage production .
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DISCRIMINATION OF TUNISIAN CULTIVATED OATS USING ELECTROPHORESIS OF AVENIN PROTEIN
PATTERN IN MATURE SEEDS
Manel BORGI1, CHIBANI Farhat2, ZOGHLAMI Najia1, BOUAMAMA Badra1, Abdelwahed GHORBEL1 1 Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunisia 2 Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunisia [email protected] Abstract: Identification of oat genotypic variability based on avenin protein pattern is important to accurately differentiate and identify genotypes. Therefore, this study was accomplished to discriminate cultivated oat accessions derived from 19 districts in Tunisia and two commercial (Avena sativa) varieties (Madjerda and Meliane). Although, the batches of collected oat mature seeds are heterogeneous, it is very difficult to distinguish varieties on the basis of morphological traits alone (grain color and size). Consequently, avenin fractions (alcohol soluble proteins) were extracted with ethanol (52%) from mature seeds and analyzed through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The characterization technique of avenins showed a number of discriminating bands among accessions and within the same batche. The analysis of number and intensity bands and their molecular weights indicated that differences among genotypes were significant. In fact, the number of bands detected for each accession ranged from 10 to 20 while their molecular weights varied from 8 to 184.7 kDa. This demonstrates clearly the genotypic variability of oats in Tunisia which are originated from different regions.
Key words: Avenin, SDS-PAGE, cultivated oat discrimination, mature seeds, genotypic variability
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AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. USING SEMI SOLID AGAR GELLED PRIMED SEEDS AS EXPLANT
S. D. Royandezagh, K. M. Khawar
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey [email protected]
Abstract
The opium poppy Papaver somniferum is self-pollinating herbaceous annual plant with various rates of out-crossing and is cultivated since prehistoric times. It is used to obtain number of medicinally important alkaloids, rarely to obtain edible oil and is used as an ornamental plant. There is need to improve poppy by developing objective oriented superior cultivars. Traditional breeding methods for the development of improved new opium cultivars is very slow, due to high labor and lengthy breeding procedures. This makes it necessarry to look alternatives like developing easy and repeatable genetic transformation protocols. Previous reports in poppy suggest that it is very recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration, rooting and is difficult to acclimatize. Moreover, all regeneration protocols are variety and genotype dependent. The study aimed to develop an efficient genetic transformation protocol in poppy. To achieve the objective various explants including hypocotyl-cotyledon explant and poppy cultivar Ofis 96 seeds primed on agar solidified MS medium for 7 days were treated with with Agrobacterium tumefaciensstrain GV 2260 harbouring p35 GUS INT plasmid for 30 minutes. Cocultivation was on MS medium for 48 hours. These seeds were selected on MS selection medium containing 50 mg/l Kanamycin and 500 mg/l Augmentin. After achieving length of 5-6 cm, the putative transgenic seedlings were transferred to pots for growth, development and acclimatisation. The leaves from acclimatised plants were subjected to GUS histochemical analysis. Gus positive plants were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Putatve Transgenic plants were grown in glasshouse to flower and set seeds.
Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, PCR, GUS analysis , Papaver somniferum, transgenic
82
VERNALIZATION – AN EPIGENETIC SWITCH
Jie Song1, Andrew Angel2, Martin Howard3, Caroline Dean3
1Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
2 University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
3John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7NH, UK
Plant growth and development are strongly influenced by environmental signals. However, it is still unclear how plants measure and record exposure to their environment, in order to align developmental transitions to specific seasons. Understanding of these features will significantly expand our toolbox for crop improvement towards future food security. We study vernalization in Arabidopsis. Plants remember the prolonged cold exposure in winter by quantitative silencing of a floral repressor locus FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), and hence accelerate floral transition. Through the combination of molecular biology and computational modelling, our study reveals that the silencing is epigenetically stable and is mediated by a conserved Polycomb-based epigenetic silencing mechanism. The epigenetic stability, and the ability to switch to silencing, can be explained by chromatin dynamics and localized nucleation of the chromatin-modifying Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Cold induces association of PRC2 with a specific region in the target locus and therefore the local cluster of the chromatin mark H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). This enables a cell-autonomous switch to the epigenetically silent state, marked by blanketing of the gene with high levels of H3K27me3. This process occurs with different dynamics in natural accessions of Arabidopsis adapted to a wide range of climates, which may be a general mechanism contributing to evolutional change, and could potentially be used to model and predict crop yield in the changing climate.
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PLOIDY DETERMINATION IN Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn POPULATIONS COLLECTED FROM EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY BY USING FLOW CYTOMETER
Gulsemin Savas Tuna1, Gulru Yucel2, Huseyin Keles2, Ilker Nizam2, Evren Cabi3, Metin Tuna2
1Ebru Nayim Fen Lisesi, Tekirdag 2Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Tekirdag 3Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Tekirdag [email protected] Abstract Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn (Crested wheatgrass) is a long-lived perennial forage grass native to the cold and dry plains of eastern Russia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, Turkey, and Iran. It is most commonly used for pasture, hay, and soil conservation. Agropyron cristatum represents ploidy states from diploid (2n=14) to hexaploid(2n=42). Therefore, ploidy determination of Agropyron cristatum germplasm is necessary before it can be effectively used in breeding or genetic studies. The objective of this study was to determine the ploidy of 15 populations of Agropyron cristatum collected from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Ploidy analysis was done based on nuclear DNA content of the plants determined by Flow cytometer using Secale cereale as internal standart. Nuclear DNA content of the plants were correlated to ploidy level with root tip chromosome counts on slected plants. On the basis of this study, the mean nuclear DNA content (2C value) of the Agropyron cristatum populations were determined as 13.04 pg ± 0.05 while all the plants used in chromosome counting determined to be diploid, with 2n=14 mitotic chromosomes suggesting that tetraploid and hexaploid Agropyron cristatum plants are likely very rare or absent in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Key words: Agropyron cristatum, Flow cytometer, nuclear DNA content, ploidy This study was funded by TUBITAK (TOVAG 113O156)
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88
89
SILVER SPONSORSHIP
90
