Download: Stakeholders´ Consultation Workshop II - Bangladesh

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Stakeholder’s Consultation Workshop

Loss and Damage Work Programme: Approaches and Policy Recommendations

17 November 2012 Spectra Convention Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Organized By

CENTER FOR PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (CPRD)

in cooperation with

GERMANWATCH

UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY (UNU)

MUNICH CLIMATE INSURANCE INITIATIVE (MCII)

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT (ICCCAD)

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C O N T E N T S

1. Background Note

2. Workshop methods and methodology

2.1. Inaugural Session

2.2. Technical Session

3. Discussion

3.1. STAGE I: Presentation on the key aspects of loss and damage for Bangladesh 3.2. STAGE II: Open discussion and opinion/feedback on the presented issues 3.3. STAGE III: Summing up of the discussion and synthesizing the

recommendations 4. Workshop Snapshot

5. List of Participants

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1. BACKGROUND NOTE

The second stakeholder consultation on loss and damage was held on 17 November 2012 at Spectra Convention Center in Dhaka. Mr. Mesbah ul Alam, Secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forests was present the workshop as the Chief Guest, while Dr. Saleemul Huq, Executive Director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) facilitated the workshop and moderated the sessions. Five presentations on key themes related to loss and damage in the context of climate change were given during the course of the workshop, and each was followed by a detailed discussion. Attended by a fair representation of government, NGO, researchers, academics and specialists, workshop participants discussed a diverse range of issues related to loss and damage in the context of climate change. The ultimate aim of this workshop was to obtain feedback and comments on potential approaches and policy recommendations to address loss and damage in Bangladesh and other LDCs. At COP 16 in 2010 the Cancun Agreements established a work programme on loss and damage, which will culminate in a decision on next steps for addressing loss and damage under the Convention at COP 18 to be held in Doha, Qatar in December 2012. To help LDCs develop an understanding of loss and damage, Bangladesh initiated a project, which is now being implemented by the International Centre for Climate Change and Development, Germanwatch, United Nations University and the Munich Climate Insurance Initiative. Several national institutions, including BRAC University, the Centre for Climate Justice Bangladesh, the Center for Participatory Research and Development (CPRD) and the Sustainable Networking Development Foundation are also involved in research on loss and damage in the national context of Bangladesh. 1

1 This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Netherlands Directorate-‐General for International Cooperation (DGIS) for the benefit of developing countries. However, the views expressed and information contained in it are not necessarily those of or endorsed by DFID, DGIS or the entities managing the delivery of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, which can accept no responsibility or liability for such views, completeness or accuracy of the information or for any reliance placed on them.

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2. WORKSHOP METHODOLOGY

The stakeholder consultation workshop consisted of two sessions:

3.1 Inaugural Session

3.2 Technical Session

The technical session consisted of presentations of research findings followed by an open discussion and recommendations for moving the issue of loss and damage forward in Bangladesh.

2.1 INAUGURAL SESSION At the onset, Dr. SM Munjurul Hannan Khan, Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forests welcomed all the participants and guests, and provided a brief overview of objectives and expectations for the workshop. Following this speech, Mr. M Hafijul Islam Khan, Policy Officer, Germanwatch, gave an introductory presentation entitled “Negotiation on Loss and Damage: Durban to Doha.” In the inaugural session Mr. Mohammad Abdul Qayyum, Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and Mr. Mesbah ul Alam, Secretary, of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, delivered speeches as Special Guest and Chief Guest respectively. Following this, Dr. Munjurul Hannan Khan delivered a speech outlining the parameters of the UNFCCC work programme on loss and damage. Through decision 1/CP.16, he told the audience, the Conference of the Parties (COP) established the programme to consider approaches to address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts in the developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The three thematic areas identified under the work programme are:

• Thematic area 1: Assessing the risk of ‘loss and damage’ associated with the adverse

effects of climate change and the current knowledge on the same

• Thematic area 2: A range of approaches to address ‘loss and damage’ associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including impacts related to extreme weather events and slow onset events, taking into consideration experience at all levels

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• Thematic area 3: The role of the Convention in enhancing the implementation of approaches to address ‘loss and damage’ associated with the adverse effects of climate change

Sharing his views on these themes, Dr. Khan stated that any international process to address loss and damage should include a) an insurance mechanism to share and transfer risk; b) a rehabilitation/compensatory component to address the negative impacts of climate change, such as sea-‐level rise, ocean acidification etc.; and c) a risk management component that supports and promotes risk assessment and management tools. Finally, Dr. Khan emphasized the need to identify gaps in assessing the risk of loss and damage by establishing a national-‐level institution to focus explicitly on this issue. The development of assessment standards and guidelines, including a step by step or toolkit approach to assessing exposure to loss and damage that accounts for national circumstances, could be a valuable tool that would help vulnerable countries in assessing risks. Mr. M Hafijul Islam Khan, Policy Officer, Germanwatch, then took the floor from Dr. Khan and delivered an introductory overview on the loss and damage negotiations Mr. Khan said that at the current rate of increase in global

temperature (about 1°C above pre-‐industrial levels), a wide range of climate change impacts has already been observed.

Global sea level has risen about 20cm in the past 100 years, while the rate of increase has doubled in the past two decades. Ironically, the existing commitment for mitigation is not consistent with a 2°C, let alone 1.5° C pathway, rather it would lead to an increase in global average temperature of 2.5° to 5°C, he asserted.

Mr. Khan stated that the approach required to address loss and damage differs from both mitigation and adaptation practice: mitigation seeks to prevent climate change impacts and adaptation seeks to manage them, but approaches to address loss and damage will target those impacts that cannot be avoided or managed. He added that several steps would be taken in the Work Programme on Loss and Damage under the UNFCCC to build on existing approaches for risk assessment, both at the national and international level. Addressing and assessing the risk of climate change-‐related ‘loss and damage’, said Mr. Khan, is a cyclical process. Mr. Khan then proceeded to discuss the gaps that have been identified both inside and outside of the Convention for coordinating approaches to loss and damage. Within the Convention, he stated, greater coordination was required between a variety of groups, including the Nairobi Work Programme and the Research Dialogue under SBSTA, the Global

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Climate Observation System (GCOS) and related processes, the National Communications Process and the work of the Consultative Group of Experts. Mr. Khan added that outside of the Convention there are a number of processes that are relevant to loss and damage including (inter alia) UNISDR (extreme events); WMO (observation), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and work on oceans (sea-‐level rise and associated desalinisation, ocean acidification), UNESCO (mountains), CBD (ecosystem and biodiversity losses), UNCCD (losses from desertification), IPCC and UNHCR (migrations). On the international level, both in regards to assessing and addressing loss and damage, there is a lack of coordination, Mr. Khan suggested. Furthermore, the relationship between loss and damage and funding institutions such as the Green Climate Fund needs to be considered further, he added. 2.2 TECHNICAL SESSION

The overall discussion of the workshop was introduced by following presentations:

-‐ Understanding Loss and Damage Due to Climate Change in Bangladesh by Dr. A.K.

Enamul Haque, Professor, Dept. of Economics, School of Business, United International University (UIU). In the presentation, Dr. Haque presented an overview of ‘loss and damage’ due to climate change impacts, discussed different methods and tools for analysis and identified existing data gaps and needs. The presentation was supplemented with a case study on flood and drought in different parts of Bangladesh.

-‐ Loss and Damage in the Context of Disaster Events by Mr. Mohammad Abdul

Qayyum, National Project Director, CDMP II. This presentation highlighted the convergence of disaster risk reduction and climate change issues to assess the ‘loss and damage’ scenario in Bangladesh.

-‐ Addressing the Risk of Climate Change Induced Loss and Damage in Bangladesh by

Mr. Nandan Mukherjee, Program Manager, Center for Climate Change and Environmental Research (C3ER), BRAC University. Mr. Mukherjee provided an overview of current approaches and measuring tools in the context of ‘loss and damage’ in this presentation.

-‐ Gender Dimensions of Loss and Damage: The Bangladesh Case by Dr. Ahsan Uddin Ahmed, Executive Director, Center for Global Change. This

presentation on gender and loss and damage highlighted the fact that the unique financial, social and physical abilities of women present different barriers to coping with loss and damage than those faced by men.

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-‐ Legal and Institutional Mechanisms to Address Loss and Damage by Dr. Abdullah Al Faruque, Professor, Department of Law, University of Chittagong. The focus of this presentation was the extent to which existing policy; legal and institutional frameworks are able to deal with climate change induced loss and damage. Dr. Faruque provided an overview of the gaps and constraints that would need to be overcome in order to establish an effective framework to address loss and damage.

Following the above presentations, the workshop participants, most of whom were climate change and DRR experts from government and different national and international organizations, engaged in a group discussion, sharing their views, concerns and suggestions for approaches and policy recommendations for a ‘loss and damage’ work programme in Bangladesh.

3. PRESENTATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 STAGE I: PRESENTATIONS Dr. A.K. Enamul Haque, Professor, Dept. of Economics, School of Business, United International University_UIU, gave a clear overview of their research he and his team undertook, which aimed at assessing the risk of loss and damage. Conceptualizing the issue was the first step, he said, while the second step was to identify tools to assess risks and to determine how they can be applied. A third step of the research involved a case study on flood and drought that sought to determine the data and capacity gaps, and how policies could be targeted to address the same. Drawing from the literature, Dr. Haque summarized ten of the most devastating natural disaster events in Bangladesh to demonstrate the extent of loss and damage. He said that most damage results from floods, followed by cyclone and other natural events. In terms of damage to rice crops due to drought, boro crop was the most affected and aman crop was sthe econd most affected crop. According to Dr. Haque, in 2007-‐8, the total loss of rice due to natural hazards caused by floods and cyclones was estimated at 1.7 million metric tonnes. He also revealed that loss and damage resulting from Cyclone Sidr, which struck the Bangladesh coast in 2007, has been at over 115 million BDT across four major sectors. Dr. Haque also described the concept of hazards related to climate change and focused on the confusion between rapid onset and slow onset hazards. Though rapid onset hazards are well known and discussed often, slow onset hazards are neglected. Salt-‐water intrusion and drought have been identified as two key slow onset events and the study also noted additional slow onset events that could significantly affect the life and livelihoods of Bangladesh’s population, he said.

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In climate literature, risk is defined as a future event not a past event, Dr. Haque told the audience. He then discussed the ‘ECLAC method’, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and focusing on loss and damage related to specific risks, which has been used as an assessment tool for climate change-‐related loss and damage.

Dr. Haque described three steps for risk mapping in a particular area, including hazard, exposure and vulnerability analysis. Hazards analysis gives the probability of hazards related to climate event for a given geographic, while exposure analysis requires a prediction of variations in the socio-‐economic environment in the future, he maintained. Dr. Haque told the audience that vulnerability analysis uses information about socio-‐economic, poverty and inequality levels to complete an analysis of vulnerability in terms of human welfare, environmental consequences and ecosystem services.

‘ Dr. Haque maintained that hazard analysis should be carefully conducted. He also mentioned that few government policies are attuned to the assessment of climate change-‐related loss and damage except the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009, Disaster Management Act 2012, Disaster Management Plan 2010 and the Draft Disaster Management and Health Policy 2011. In conclusion, Dr. Haque emphasized the importance of data collection and the need to minimise existing data gaps in order to provide better assessments of loss and damage, and encouraged the government to take further action to attune its policies to the issues of climate change.

Mr. Mohammad Abdul Qayyum, National Project Director, CDMP II, highlighted different schools of thought on loss and damage in the context of climate change. In the beginning of the presentation he said that comprehensive assessment of climate change-‐related loss and damage is essential for emergency response and recovery planning. Climate change, Mr. Qayyum stated, will alter risk patterns in several ways; for example, increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events also leads to increases in vulnerability as underlying risk factors are compounded by climate-‐change-‐specific hazards, he added. Mr. Qayyum suggested that for better management of loss and damage issues the two schools of thought of DRR and climate change adaptation need to be merged. He argued that the application of different approaches to assess loss and damage could lead to varying estimates that hinder response efforts.. In this regard, he asserted, we should try to better understand how to integrate the schools of DRR and climate change to contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable development.

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Mr. Qayyum maintained that defining areas for improvement is an important aspect of the disaster risk management conceptual framework. To this end, he described some disaster risk reduction and adaptation strategies, including:

• Policy and planning reforms • Institutional strengthening • Capacity building • Integration of risk analysis and predictions within development project designs • Preparedness and response systems including early warning

Mr. Qayyum highlighted some issues with assessment, including the story of an Upazila Parishad (UP) chairman who exaggerated the extent of a disaster in order to obtain more relief. Other issues, he asserted, include time constraints or limitations on information (e.g. no valid baseline data, outdated census data, unavailability of census data for some sectors, time pressure, and vehicle shortage) provided. Furthermore, at the government level, there are no guidelines or coordination on the purpose and methodology for risk assessments, he added. Finally, Mr. Qayyum concluded that there are additional challenges for assessing risk in Bangladesh, including huge geographic variations in the country and a tendency to overestimate risk with the expectation of higher resource flows. Mr Nandan Mukherjee, Program Manager, Center for Climate Change and Environmental Research (C3ER), BRAC University, delivered a presentation that focused on existing approaches to address loss and damage. Mr. Mukherjee began his presentation with some background on the evolution of loss and damage discussions in the UNFCCC negotiations. The Cancun Agreements under UNFCCC Decision 1/CP.16 established a work programme in order to consider approaches to address climate change-‐related loss and damage in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, he said. The overall objective of this decision, he observed, was to reduce vulnerability and to build resilience.

Mr. Mukherjee told the audience that there is no agreed definition of the term loss and damage under the UNFCCC, but the Cancun Agreements provides differentiates between extreme weather and slow onset events. On the other hand, the damage and loss assessment (DaLA) methodology defines damage as “. . . the monetary value of partially destroyed assets, assuming that assets will be replaced in the same condition – in quantity and quality – as before the disaster” and loss as “. . . changes in the flow of goods and services that will not be forthcoming until the destroyed assets are rebuilt, over the time span that elapses from the occurrence of the disaster to the end of the recovery period.”

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In his presentation, Mr. Mukherjee demonstrated that risk would be higher if exposure and sensitivity are high and adaptive capacity is low. The adoption of mitigation measures reduce the hazard intensity while land use planning and infrastructural adaptation reduce the exposure, he revealed. Mr. Mukherjee maintained that reducing sensitivity and increasing adaptive capacity of DRR approaches would be effective on this context.

Mr. Mukherjee presented some existing risk reduction practices that were used by the government of Bangladesh including:

• Rehabilitation and relocation (e.g. The Ashrayan project, Provision of housing for highly vulnerable communities)

• Improving food security through food assistance programs (e.g. Food for Works Program (FFW), the Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) Program and the Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) Program)

• Employment Generation Program for the Ultra-‐Poor (e.g. Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar -‐ One House, One Farm)

• Agricultural emergency support (e.g. seed distribution, cash support) • Agricultural research (e.g. salinity-‐resistant rice, drought and flood tolerant rice,

decoding of genome sequencing of jute, BR-‐33 short duration rice) Mr Mukherjee also discussed the gaps and needs in risk reduction approaches with respect to government social security programmes. For example, he described a study by the World Bank (2006), which revealed that 27 percent of VGD beneficiaries are not poor. In 2007, an IFPRI study entitled ‘Relative Efficacy of Food and Cash Transfers’ estimated that the inclusion error in the VGD program is 26 percent, he said. Many safety net programmes use similar targeting criteria, which include land ownership, female-‐headed households and employment in casual labour, Mr. Mukherjee noted. However, he asserted, the proportion of poor female-‐headed households (48 percent) is actually somewhat less than the proportion of poor male-‐headed households (50 percent) and some programmes may therefore not serve the most needy. Similarly, a recent study showed that beneficiaries of these programmes usually owned significantly more land than non-‐beneficiaries (6.0 decimals as compared to 1.9 decimals), he added. While programmes that target vulnerable and food-‐insecure Upazillas ensures a better chance of reaching the poor, argued Mr Mukherjee, it also means that vulnerable households within less-‐poor Upazillas are denied assistance. Furthermore, he suggested, there is evidence that programme resources can be captured by elite members in the community, who select beneficiaries based on personal preference, to the detriment of households who may be more in need. As such, Mr. Mukherjee revealed that these social protection programmes are often used by politicians to benefit their political clients, as opposed to helping the poor.

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Dr. Ahsan Uddin Ahmed, Executive Director, Center for Global Change, described the difficulties faced by women in coping with climate change induced loss and damages as a result of their differential financial, social and physical ability.

He pointed out that women possess little financial capital, which diminishes their ability to consider important pre-‐hazard preparatory measures that can reduce their particular sensitivity to imminent hazards. Women’s access to natural capital in Bangladesh is low and severely restricted, especially for poor and marginalized women. When family-‐owned resources lose productivity due to climate change induced hazards or extreme weather events, it further restricts women’s ability to adapt, exacerbating loss and damages, he added. The physical ability of women (i.e., human capital) is lower than that of men, which restricts their access to post-‐hazard supports. It dampens and decelerates post-‐hazard rehabilitation processes, thereby increasing loss and damage costs. A lower level of skills among women further limits opportunities to diversify economic activities, he said. It restricts access to income and investment for adaptation. This, in turn, increases damage burden. Finally, Women have less access to information with respect to early warning systems for natural disasters, reducing their ability to take necessary safety measures and increasing their vulnerability to extreme events. He said weaknesses in social capital in specific cases involving women put them in a more vulnerable situation. Early warning systems often do not reach women in time. Moreover, responsibility for ensuring the safety of children and the elderly can also serve to make them more vulnerable relative to men. Dr Ahmed said that inadequacies in physical capital in some specific cases affect women more than men. The design of the cyclone shelters was found to be insensitive to women’s particular needs, which provided a disincentive for women to relocate there even after receiving early warnings. This, he said, resulted in a higher rate of death and injury for women. Responsibility to fulfill additional household duties during prolonged disasters event such as floods also exacerbates the plight of women, who are required to cover longer distances to collect non-‐contaminated water and to collect dry biomass. However, the most distinct damage faced by the women in Bangladesh, argued Dr. Ahmed, is perhaps nutritional erosion due to food insecurity. Occasional food insecurity occurs when food production is affected by hazards such as floods and flash floods, drought, salt water intrusion, saline water surges following a cyclone and the resultant water logging of farm land. In cases of food insecurity, he said, women tend to take extraordinary measures such as reduced food consumption, resorting to poor quality food items or cheaper food

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and skipping meals. This in turn adversely affects their nourishment and overall health condition. During this post-‐hazard rehabilitation phase, women are also required to work harder towards optimizing food production within the courtyard or having greater access to food through income, he added. Dr Abdullah Al Faruque, Professor, Department of Law, University of Chittagong, described the legal and institutional mechanisms relating to ‘loss and damage’ induced by climate change impacts. In the beginning, he pointed out the fact that past and current global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) originated in developed countries, least developed countries like Bangladesh are facing the impact of climate change disproportionately. The causal liability shifts the burden to the industrialized developed countries to take full responsibility for mitigation, adaptation and to respond to ‘loss and damage’ associated with adverse impacts of climate change. Thus, developed countries are obliged to provide financial and technical assistance for facilitating adaptation measures, particularly in least developing countries based on their proportional contribution to climate change. In his speech, he suggested that least developing countries, which are the most vulnerable to climate change, should utilize the support available from the global community and also mobilize the domestic resources by adopting appropriate national policy frameworks to protect their own citizens. Although developed countries are responsible for loss and damage, the national government should take initiative to protect the lives and livelihoods of its citizen with the financial and technical supports received from developed countries. In order to address and redress loss and damage, appropriate legal, policy, and institutional frameworks are needed at national, regional and international levels within and beyond the current adaptation framework, he said. He described the legal framework on loss and damage in Bangladesh elaborately, focusing on the drawbacks of several acts. The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 contains provisions for ecological harm and compensation, but does not include climate change. Further, the Climate Change Trust Fund Act (2010) establishes a trust fund to address the negative impacts of climate change, but is silent about financing for loss and damage. As a final example, he discussed the Standing Order on Disasters (2010), which outlines disaster management arrangements and describes the detailed roles and responsibilities of different institutions involved in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and emergency response management.

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He then proceeded to discuss the current policy framework on loss and damage. The 2005 National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) sets out priorities only for climate change adaptation. The Bangladesh Climate Change Strategic Action Plan (BCCSAP), 2009, has focused on adaptation, mitigation, technology transfer and financing. BCCSAP has some provision on ‘loss and damage’. The BCCSAP puts emphasis on risk mapping, risk analysis and risk management as well as assessment of current and future ‘loss and damage’ and addresses the issue of ‘loss and damage’ in its programme of action in different ways. Programme-‐T1P9 speaks about livelihood protection for vulnerable socio-‐economic groups, including loss of employment and income. Programme T2P4 makes provision for comprehensive disaster risk management against loss of income and property through an effective insurance system established by the government. Programme T4P6 clearly recognizes the need for the protection and support of displaced people. Dr Faruque then discussed about the compensation window in adaptation funding. He suggested that the issue of ‘loss and damage’ should be integrated in the existing structure of climate funds of Bangladesh, especially within BCCRTF. A portion of BCCRTF may be allocated for payment of compensation for climate victims who have no direct access to any financial support. According to Dr. Faruque, the BCCRTF should have a separate window of compensation for the climate victims. Existing legal and policy frameworks, he said, provide a limited scope to assess and to address the existing and potential risk of ‘loss and damage’ associated with climate change. This may be due to the fact that legal norms on the ‘loss and damage’ issue are still evolving and there is considerable uncertainty about international legal development in this area. Provisions of existing policies and laws related to addressing environmental harm, disaster risk management, micro-‐insurance and social safety nets provide the basis to establish a legal and institutional framework for ‘loss and damage’ in Bangladesh. Given the vulnerability of Bangladesh to both extreme and slow on-‐set events associated with climate change, its legal, policy and institutional framework should accommodate the ‘loss and damage’ issue adequately, beyond the adaptation and mitigation measures already being taken to protect its citizens from ‘loss and damage’, he concluded 3.2 STAGE II: Open discussion and opinion/feedback on the presented issues Dr. Saleemul Huq, Executive Director, ICCCAD, facilitated open discussion session to reveal stakeholders’ opinion regarding the approaches and policy recommendations for climate change related ‘loss and damage’. He requested the participant to point out their opinion very clearly and about the core issue mentioned in earlier presentations. The first comment to air their comments was Mr Tanjir Hossain, Deputy Manager, ActionAid Bangladsh. He gave thanks to MoEF and CDMP for taking some policy measures

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on ‘loss and damage’ issues by finalizing the Disaster Management Act after a long time. He raised a concern about any international insurance mechanism that deals with business exceeding three trillion US dollars. How, he asked, will insurance business practices play into ‘loss and damage? Having such a large population, how can Bangladesh adopt this mechanism? Overall, his opinion is that ‘loss and damage’ discussion provide an opportunity to link equity and justice perspectives. From a very grassroots’ perspective, we must think further about how we can support the farmers, he suggested.

Mr Zakir Hossain Khan of TIB said that the methodology section, especially in vulnerability assessments, should include the governance issue. Low level of governance or delaying response in any climatic events can serve to increase vulnerability. If we cannot include this governance issue into the assessment process, it will lower resulting ‘loss and damage’ estimates. He requested, accordingly, that experts concerned should consider governance issues into the assessment process.

He mentioned that in the Cancun agreement there is a provision to

address climate induced displacement. Thus, there is scope for us to materialize this clause to link with the global green climate fund. He suggested that researchers and experts should seek to establish this section at COP 18 in Doha.

Mr Kazi Shahidur Rahman, working at NIRAPAD, was more focused on disaster events than slow-‐onset climate change issues. ‘We are not focusing on slow onset disaster. How can we monitoring the slow onset disaster? What is the damage and need of the slow on set disaster?’ The basic issue in this regard that is missing in our every steps and actions, he said, is entitlement. If you go into the legal framework of disaster law, he said, you don’t find any entitlement of people. He emphasized national and global level commitment to establish true entitlement of the affected people. As significant uncertainty remains about the impacts of climate, we need

technology, flexibility, and a new approach to deal with the uncertain issue in our changing circumstances.

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3.3 STAGE III : Summing up of the discussion and synthesizing the recommendations Dr Saleemul Huq, Executive Director, ICCCAD, welcomed the guests and participants and congratulated them for their warm and fruitful participation in the session programme

regarding approaches and policy recommendations to address ‘loss and damage’.

He said this ‘‘loss and damage’ topic was first raised at negotiations some years ago by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), the political group of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) which is one of three groups of developing countries which are recognised to be "particularly vulnerable" (the other groups being the Least Developed Countries and Africa).

The main topic of concern for all three groups of vulnerable

countries has been adaptation to climate change (and financing adaptation). However, for the small island states in particular, there is a limit to their ability to adapt. For example if the entire country of Kiribati goes under water there is no more adaptation left for them. He mentioned Bangladesh has consistently been playing a strong supporting role and was instrumental in getting the LDC Group to support AOSIS and achieve the breakthrough in Cancun. Since Durban in 2007, the government of Bangladesh has again played a proactive role in persuading a funder called Climate Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to support a major research programme on behalf of all the vulnerable countries. He said that a Bangladeshi team of experts, working in close collaboration with the government, carried out a series of studies examining different aspects of ‘loss and damage’, including physical, economic, gender, legal and other aspects. All these research findings and feedback from different stakeholders should enable us to support a good outcome from Doha, Qatar. The topic of ‘loss and damage’ is still a very new one, and also very important one, as it opens up a major new strategy to respond to climate change beyond mitigation and adaptation. The discussions around this topic are still in their infancy but will undoubtedly grow in importance over time. Bangladesh has an opportunity to be a leader on this topic.

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WORKSHOP SNAPSHOT

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WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS NAME E-‐MAIL/ADDRESS

Ms Erin Roberts Research Coordinator International Center for Climate Change and Development -‐ICCCAD House # 10, Road # 16/A Gulshan Avenue Dhaka-‐1212, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Mesbah ul Alam Secretary Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr SM Munjurul Hannan Khan

Deputy Secretary Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Dr Saleemul Huq Executive Director, International Center for Climate Change and Development -‐ICCCAD House # 10, Road # 16/A Gulshan Avenue Dhaka-‐1212, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Dr Abdullah Al Faruque Professor Department of Law University of Chittagong Chittagong-‐4331, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Shamsuddoha Chief Executive Center for Participatory Research and Development-‐CPRD House-‐138, Flat-‐A/6 Road-‐3, Block-‐A Niketon Housing, Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected];

Mr Kazi Shahidur Rahman Coordinator NIRAPAD 19/13 (Ground Floor), Babar Road, Block-‐B, Mohammadpur, Dhaka-‐1207 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Bushra Monowar Duti Bangladesh Youth Network on Climate Change E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr M. Hafizul Islam Khan Policy Officer GermanWatch

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Kaiserstr. 201 Bonn D-‐53113 Germany E-‐mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ms Iliya Sumana Senior Assistant Secretary Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Sanjib Kumar Saha Adaptation Specialist Climate Change Adaptation Specialist CDMP Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor) 92-‐93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail:[email protected]

Dr Pranab Kumar Mozumder

Coordinator Nature Conservation and Management_NACOM House: 41/1 (5th floor), Road No-‐1, Block-‐A, Niketan Housing , Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Mahbubul Alam Majumder

Deputy Secretary Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Dr Sayidur Rahman BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212 E-‐mail: sayid-‐[email protected]

Mr Imon Rahman BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Tahmid Huq Easher BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Muhammad Mizanur Rahman

Program Assistant International Union for Conservation of Nature-‐ IUCN House #16, Road #2/3, Banani, Dhaka 1213 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr A.K.M. Enamul Haque Executive Director Economic Research Group House-‐ 9/4, Block-‐D, Lalmatia, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Elish Arun Majumder Consultant-‐DRR TEAR fund

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TEAR FundProject. House 468, Lane-‐8 (2nd floor). DOHS, Baridhara, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Nabir Mamnun Program officer Bangladesh Center for Advance Studies_BCAS House # 10, Road # 16/A Gulshan Avenue Dhaka, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Ashrafuzzaman Khan Salim

ASPADA ASPADA Bhaban G/23 Bhaluka Pourashava-‐2240 Mymensingh, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Abu Shama Md Afam Rahman

Deputy Director Bangladesh Bank Motejheel, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Arif M Faisal Asian Development Bank Plot E-‐31, Sher-‐e-‐Bangla Nagar Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Eshrat Sharmen Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies -‐BIDS E-‐17 Agargaon, Sher-‐e-‐ Bangla Nagar, GPO Box 3854, Dhaka-‐1207, Bangladesh E-‐mail: eshrat-‐[email protected]

Mr Abdul Latif Khan Disaster Response Management Specialist Climate Change Adaptation Specialist CDMP Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor) 92-‐93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-‐1212

Mr Shanaz Ahmed Bangladesh Youth Network on Climate Change E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Gazi Sipar Hossain Research Assistant Climate Change Cell Department of Environment, E-‐16, Agargoan, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Elora Ferdous Oxfam Bangladesh House 4, Road 3 , Block 1 Banani, Dhaka-‐1213 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Rashedur Rahman Rashid

Department of Geography & Environment Jahangirnagar University

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Savar, Dhaka E-‐mail:[email protected]

Mr Md Tariq-‐ul-‐Hassan Khan

BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Joanne Manda Climate Change and Environment Advisor Department for International Development (DFID), United House, 10, Gulshan Avenue Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: j-‐[email protected]

Dr Ahsan Uddin Ahmed Executive Director, Center for Global Change Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mr Saniruzzaman Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services _ CEGIS House-‐6, Road-‐23/C Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Abdul Mannan Nature Conservation and Management_NACOM House: 41/1 (5th floor), Road No-‐1, Block-‐A, Niketan Housing , Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Mahfuza Begum Network on Climate Change, Bangladesh (NCC,B) 29, Ring Road (holding no. 6/1/A), Shyamoli, Dhaka. E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr M.A. Quayyum Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor) 92-‐93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Nandan Mukherjee Program Manager, Centre for Climate Change and Environmental Research (C3ER) BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212

Ms Roufa Khanum Research Associate, BRAC University 66 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka 1212

Mr Shuman Majumder Program Officer Nature Conservation and Management (NACOM) House: 41/1 (5th floor), Road No-‐1, Block-‐A, Niketan Housing Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Marufa Ishaque Department of Geography & Environment

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University of Dhaka E-‐mail: marufa-‐[email protected]

Mr M Zakir Hossain Khan Project Coordinator Transparency International Bangladesh House-‐141, Block-‐E, Road-‐12 Banani, Dhaka -‐1213 E-‐mail: zhkhan@ti-‐bangladesh.org

Mr A.K.M. Khusrul Amin SDNF E-‐17 Agargaon, Sher-‐e-‐ Bangla Nagar, GPO Box # 3854, Dhaka-‐1207, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]; E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Quamrul Islam Chudhury

Chairperson Forum of Environmental Journalists Bangladesh 42/1/Kha Segun Bagicha Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Rashiduzzam Ahmed Nature Conservation and Management_NACOM House: 41/1 (5th floor), Road No-‐1, Block-‐A, Niketan Housing Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka-‐1212 E-‐mail: [email protected];

Ms Fatimatul Botul Democracy Watch 7 Circuit House Road, Ramna, Dhaka-‐1000 E-‐mail: [email protected];

Mr Biman Lal Roy SDNF E-‐17 Agargaon, Sher-‐e-‐ Bangla Nagar, GPO Box # 3854, Dhaka-‐1207, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected];

Mr K.M. Khaleduzzaman Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh E-‐mail: [email protected],

Mr Muzammel Haque Program Assistant International Union for Conservation of Nature-‐IUCN House 16, Road 2/3, Banani, Dhaka 1213 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Sayed Monjurul Haque Project Officer Article 19 House 18, Road 3, Shyamoli, Dhaka 1207 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Raisin Akhter Feroz SMEC Bangladesh Ltd. House 200, Lane 2, DOHS Baridhara,

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Dhaka 1206 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Ekhtekharul Islam Lecturer East West University Plot No-‐A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar Main Road, Dhaka 1219 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Atikul Alam Officer Dhaka Bank Plot 7, Block SE(D), Holding 24, Dhaka

Mr Md Sumria Raihan Officer Dhaka Bank Plot 7, Block SE(D), Holding 24, Dhaka

Mr Tanjir Hossain Deputy Manager ActionAid Bangladesh House 8, Road 136. Gulshan 1; Dhaka: 1212 E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Md Kamruzzaman Program Officer International Union for Conservation of Nature-‐IUCN House 16, Road 2/3, Banani, Dhaka 1213

Mr Mohammad Shahid Ullah

Consultant House 120, Road 18 Dhanmondi, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Ms Sharmin Neelormi Associate Professor Jahangir Nagar University, Savar, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

Mr Khaleduzzaman Center for Natural Resources Studies-‐ NACOM House: 41/1 (5th floor), Road No-‐1, Block-‐A, Niketan Housing , Banani, Dhaka [email protected]

Mr M Forruq Rahamn Rumi Research Associate Center for Participatory Research and Development-‐CPRD House-‐138, Flat-‐A/6 Road-‐3, Block-‐A Niketon Housing, Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

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Mr Muhammed Atukul Haque

Research Associate Center for Participatory Research and Development-‐CPRD House-‐138, Flat-‐A/6 Road-‐3, Block-‐A Niketon Housing, Gulshan-‐1, Dhaka E-‐mail: [email protected]

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