Download Doubtnut Now · NEET REVISION SERIES EXCRETION AND ELIMINATION OF SUBSTANCES Revise Most...

NEETREVISIONSERIES

EXCRETIONANDELIMINATIONOFSUBSTANCES

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Q-1-34596665

Nitrogenous waste products are eliminated mainly as

(A)ureaintadpoleandammoniainadultfrog

(B)ammoniaintadpoleandureainadultfrog

(C)ureainbothtedpoleandadultfrog

(D)ureaintadpoleanduricacidinadultfrog

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Ammoniaisthemainnitriogenouswaste.Itissolublein

waterandhighlytoxic.Alargeamountofwateris

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requiresforitsexcretion.Tadpoleisaquaticandlivesin

plentyofwaterso,nitrogenouswastesintadpoleare

eliminatedasammonia.Frogbeingamphibiousexcretes

itsnitrogenouswastesasurea.

WatchVideoSolutionOnDoubtnutApp

Q-2-34596658

Uric acid is nitrogenous waste in

(A)mammalsandmolluscs

(B)birdsandlizards

(C)frogandcartilaginousfishes

(D)inssctsandbonyfishes

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

https://doubtnut.app.link/0E1C1Q3JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/kiCvjT3JW2

Uricacidisleastsolublenitrogenouswasteand1gofit

needsonly10mLofwatertobeexpelledoutofbody.

Anotheradvantageofitisthatitisleasttoxicamongall

nitrogenouswastesandcanberetainedinthebodyfor

longerperid,soitisofgreaterabvantagetoanimals

whichhavelimitedaccesstowaterlikebirdsandlizards.


Q-3-34596653

If kidneys fails to reabsorb water, the effect on tissue would

(A)remainunaffected

(B)shrinkandshrivel

(C)absorbwaterfrombloodplasma

(D)takemore frombloodO2

https://doubtnut.app.link/kiCvjT3JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/hEVghV3JW2

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Ifkidneyfailstoreabsrobwatertheconcentrationof

urinewillbelowandurinationwillbemorefrequent,a

conditioncalledpolyuriaasaresult,thetissuesofthe

bodywillbedehydratedandshrink.


Q-4-34596649

In adult Frog, the kidney is

(A)pronephros

(B)mesonephros

(C)metanephros

(D)opisthonephros

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CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Mesonephrickidneyconsistsofalargenumberof

tubuleswhichdevelopintermalglomerulienclosedin

capsulesformingMalpighianbodies.Inamphibians,

(e.g.frog)itisfunctionalbothinembryoaswellas

adults.


Q-5-34596648

In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by

(A)Ornithinecycle

(B)Coricycle

(C)Krebs'cycle

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(D)EMPpathway

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

Ureaisthemainnitrogenousexcretoryproductof

ureotelicanimals.Itisproducedbylivercellsfrom

deaminatedexcessaminoacidsviaureacycle,also

calledOrnithinecycleorKrebs-Henseleitcycle.


Q-6-34596645

Aquatic reptiles are

(A)ammonotelic

(B)ureotelic

(C)ureotelicinwater

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(D)ureotelicoverland

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Ureotelicanimalsnculude,Ascarisearthworm,

cartilaginousfishes,semiaquaticamphibiansaquaticor

semiaquaticreptillesliketurlesandalligators.


Q-7-34596636

Which one of the following is correctly matched pair of the given

secrtion and its primary role in human physiology?

(A)Sebum Sexualattraction

(B)Sweat Thermoregulation

(C)Salive Tastingfood

→

→

→

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(D)Tears Excretionofsalts

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Sweetglandsarecoiledtubularglandssituatedinthe

dermisandconnectedtoasweatductwhichopenas

poreonthesurfaceoftheskin.Thesesecretesweat

whichcontains0.1-04%ofsodiumchloride,sodium

acetatedandurea.

Sweatingoccurswhenthebodytemperatureincreases.

Assweatevaporatesfromthebodyaslatentheatof

vaporationandinthiswaysweatreducesbody

temperature.


Q-8-34596632

→

https://doubtnut.app.link/rFVxP33JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/wEMHM53JW2

In Protozoa like Amoeba and Paramecium, an organelle is found for

osmoregulation which is

(A)contractilevacuole

(B)mitochondria

(C)nucleus

(D)foodvacuole

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

UnicellularorganismssuchasAmoeba,Paramecium

havesomeorganellesThesearefreshwateranimalsi.e.,

theyliveinhypotonicsolution.Therefore,waterflows

fromoutsidetoinsideofthebodyoftheorganism.

Thecontractilevacuolesintheseorganismscollectthis

excesswaterandgraduallyincreaseinsize.Whenthe

https://doubtnut.app.link/wEMHM53JW2

vacuolesreachacriticalsizetheycontract,squeezing

outtheircontentsthroughtheprocessofsimple

diffusion.


Q-9-34596601

The principal nitrogenous exretory compound in humans is

syntheised

(A)inkidneysbuteliminatedmostlythroughliver

(B)inkidneysaswellaseliminatedbykidneys

(C)inliverandalsoeliminatedbythesamethroughbile

(D)intheliverbuteliminatedmostlythroughkidneys

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

https://doubtnut.app.link/wEMHM53JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/Qlwje83JW2

Inhumans,theprincipalnitrogenousexcretory

compound(i.e.,urea)issynthesisedinliverbyOrnithine

cycleandiseliminatedmostlythroughkidneyas

nitrogeneousexcretoryproduct.Inliver,onemoleculeof

isactivatedbybiotinandcombineswithtwo

moleculesof inthepresenceofcarbamyl

phosphateandonemoleculeofof isreleased.

CarbamlyphosphatereactswithOrnithineandforms

Citrulline.Citrullinecombineswithanothermoleculeof

ammoniaandformargininethatisbrokenintoureaand

Ornithineinthepresenceofanenzymearginaseand

water.


CO2

NH3

H2O

2NH2 + CO2Arginase−−−−→ NH2 − CO− NH2 + H2O

https://doubtnut.app.link/Qlwje83JW2

Q-10-23778913

Columns of Bertin are found in

(A)Testes

(B)Ovaries

(C)Kidney

(D)Liver

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-11-23778915

The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of

(A)Uricacid

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(B)Urea

(C)Urochrome

(D)Melanin

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-12-23778917

Certain carbonates and phosphates are removed by

(A)skin

(B)Liver

(C)Kidney

(D)Noneoftheabove

CORRECTANSWER:A

https://doubtnut.app.link/s09p8b4JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/U2iv2d4JW2


Q-13-23778947

The pH of human urine is approximately

(A)7.1

(B)

(C)

(D)9.9

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-14-23779276

which one is both osmoregulator as well as nitrogenous products

6.0

8.4

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(A)

(B)Urea

(C)Uricacid

(D)Alltheabove

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-15-14145709

Which one of the following organisms is correctly matched with its

excretory organs?

(A)Humans-Kidneys,sebaceousglandsandtearglands

(B)Earthwork-Pharyngeal,integumentrayandseptal

nephridia

NH3

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(C)Cockroch-Malpighiantubulesandentericcaeca

(D)Frog-Kidneys,skinandbuccalepithelium

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-16-34596661

Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through

(A)activetransport

(B)passivetransport

(C)osmosis

(D)diffusion

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

https://doubtnut.app.link/ddLOLm4JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/7cOZOo4JW2

Gloucoseistakenbackfromglomerularfiltratethrough

activetransportinproximalconvolutedtubule.


Q-17-34596668

Brush border is characteristic of

(A)neckofnephron

(B)collectingtube

(C)proximalconvolutedtubule

(D)Alloftheabove

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

Proximalconvolutedtubuleispresentincortexandis

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convoluted.Itisabout12-24mminlength.Itislinedby

brushborderedcuboidalepitheliumwithnumerous

microvilli.Thesecellshavenumerousmitochondriafor

activetransport.


Q-18-34596666

Under normal conditions which one is completely reabsorbed in the

renal tubule ?

(A)Urea

(B)Uricacid

(C)Salts

(D)Glucose

CORRECTANSWER:D

https://doubtnut.app.link/CPgWNq4JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/7eA49s4JW2

SOLUTION:

Glucoseishighthresholdsubstance,i.e.,itistotallyor

mostlyreabsorbedfromthenephricfiltrateintheblood

capillaries.

Renalthreshold,i.e.,upperlimitofkidneytoreabsorb

suchhighthresholdsubstancesofkidneyfor

reabesorptionofglucoseisabout180mg/100mLof

nephricfiltrate.Whenbloodsugerlevelreachesbeyond

thissugaralsoappearsinurine.


Q-19-14145722

Which one of the following is not a part of renal pyramid?

(A)Peritubularcapillaries

(B)Convolutedtubules

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(C)Collectingducts

(D)LoopofHenle

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Renalpyramidsaretheconicalareasofmedulla.

Peritubularcapillaries,collectingductsandloopofHenle

lieintherenalpyramidswhileconvolutedtubulesliein

thecortexofthekidney.


Q-20-14145746

Effective filtration pressure in glomerulus is caused due to

(A)powerfulpumpingactionoftheheart

(B)secretionofadrenaline

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(C)afferentarterioleisslightlywiderthanefferent

arteriole

(D)vacuumdevelopsinproximalconvolutedtubuleand

sucksandblood.

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

Thediameterofafferentarterioleislargerthanthe

efferentarteriole.Thisincreasesthevolumeofbloodin

glomerulusandincreasesthefiltrationrate.Thiscauses

theeffectivefiltrationpressurewhichisthetotalpressure

thatpromotesfiltration.


Q-21-23778992

Which blood vessel contains the least amount of urea ?

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(A)Hepaticvein

(B)Renalvein

(C)Hepaticportalvein

(D)Renalartery

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-22-14145763

Which one of the following statements in regard to the exretion by

the human kidneys is correct?

(A)DescendinglimbofloopofHenleisimpermeableto

water.

(B)Distalconvolutedtubuleisincapacbleofreabsorbing

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ions.

(C)Nearly99percentoftheglorularfiltrateis

reabsorbedbytherenaltubules.

(D)AscendinglimbofloopofHenleisimpermeableto

electrolytes.

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-23-14145765

Which one of the following is a correct pair showing the function of

a specific part of the human nephron?

(A)Podocyten:createminutespaces(slitpores)forthe

filtrationofbloodintotheBowman'scapsule

(B)Henle'sloop:mostreabsorptionofthemajor

Na+

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substancesfromtheglomerularfiltrate

(C)Distalconvolutedtubule:reabsorptionof ions

intothesurroundingbloodcapillaries

(D)Afferentarteriole:carriesthebloodawayfromthe

glomerulustowardsrenalvein

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

Mostreabsorptionofthemajorsubstancesfromthe

glomerularfiltratetakesplaceinprocimalconvoluted

tubule.InDCT,selectivesecretionof and

occurtomaintainpHandNa-Kbalanceinblood.

Afferentarteriolecarriesthebloodtowardsthe

glomerulus.


K +

H + K +

https://doubtnut.app.link/GINlyL4JW2

Q-24-23778977

Liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowman's capsule is

(A)Concentratedurine

(B)Plasmaminusbloodprotenis

(C)Glycogenandwater

(D)Sulphatesandwater

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-25-14145756

Which of the following is removed from the filtrate at loop of

Henle?

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(A)Aminoacids

(B)Hormones

(C)Water

(D)Glucose

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

IndescendinglimbofloopofHenle,waterisreabsorbed

duetoincreasingosmolarityofinterstitialfluid


Q-26-34596643

The ability of producing concentrated (hypertonic) urine in

vertebrates generally depends on

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(A)areaofBowman'scapsuleepithelium

(B)lengthofHenle'sloop

(C)lengthoftheproximalconvolutedtubule

(D)capillarynetworkformingglomerulus

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

LengthofHenle'sloopdeterminedtheconcentraationof

urine.Urineisconcentratedthroughcountercurrent

mechanismwhichinvolves(a)theloopofHenle(b)the

vasarecta(c)nearbycollectingtubulesandducts,(d)

theinterstitialfluid.


Q-27-23779272

https://doubtnut.app.link/mMQc6R4JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/7WOtiU4JW2

The longest loop of Henle is found in

(A)KangarooRat

(B)RhesusMonkey

(C)Opposum

(D)Rabbit

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-28-23779231

Vasopressin stimulates reabsorption of water and reduction of urine

secretion. Hence vasopressin is otherwise called

(A)Synovialfluid

(B)Neurotransmitter

https://doubtnut.app.link/7WOtiU4JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/Uwk4NW4JW2

(C)Antidiuretichormone

(D)Growthregulatingsubstance

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-29-14145772

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from

the codes given below.

ColumnI ColumnIIA. PCT (i). Minimumreabsorption

B. DCT (ii). Filtrationofblood

C. LoopofHenle (iii).

Reabsorptionof70-80%electrolytesD

.Countercurrentmechanism

(iv). Ionicbalance

E. Renalcorpuscle (v).

Maintenanceofconcentrationgradientinmedulla

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(A)A-(iii),B-(iv),C-(i),D-(v),E-(ii)

(B)A-(iii),B-(v),C-(iv),D-(ii),E-(i)

(C)A-(i),B-(iii),C-(ii),D-(v),E-(iv)

(D)A-(iii),B-(i),C-(iv),D-(v),E-(ii)

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-30-14145785

Which someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.

(A)Whensomeonedrinkslotofwater,ADHreleaseis

suppressed.

(B)ExposuretocoldtemperaturestimulatesADH

Release

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(C)Anincreaseinglomerularbloodflowstimulates

formationofangiotensinII.

(D)Duringsummer,whenbodyloseslotofwaterby

evaporation,thereleaseofADHissuppressed.

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

Whensomeonedrinkslotofwater,thevolumeofbody

flidincreases,thisswitchesofftheosmoreceptorsinthe

bodyandsuppressestheADHrelease


Q-31-23778970

Collecting tubes are lined by

(A)Squamousepithelium

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(B)Columnarepithelium

(C)Cuboidalepithelium

(D)Cuboidalandcolumnarepithelium

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-32-14145740

The dotted appearance of cortex of kidney is due to

(A)ductsofBellini

(B)convolutedparts

(C)loopofHenle

(D)collectingtubes.

CORRECTANSWER:B

https://doubtnut.app.link/byEGg44JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/tkqrD64JW2

SOLUTION:

Thedottedappearanceofcortexofkidneyisduetothe

presenceofconvolutedpartsofthetubule(proximaland

distalconvolutedtubules).


Q-33-14145750

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

(A)juxtaglomerularcellstoreleaserenin

(B)adrenalcortextoreleasealdosterone

(C)adrenalmedullatoreleaseadrenaline

(D)posteriorpituitarytoreleasevasopressin.

CORRECTANSWER:A

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SOLUTION:

AfallinGFRcanstimulatetheJGcellstoreleaserenin

whichcanstimulatetheglomerularbloodflowand

therebytheGFRcomesbacktonormal.


Q-34-14145782

Diuresis is the condition in which

(A)theexcretoryvolumeofuineincreases

(B)theexcretoryvolumeofurinedecreases

(C)thekidneysfailtoexcreteurine

(D)thewaterbalanceofthebodyisdisturbed.

CORRECTANSWER:A

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Q-35-34596576

A decrease in blood pressure volume will not cause the release of

(A)renin

(B)atrialnatriureticfactor

(C)aldosterone

(D)ADH

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Adecreaseinbloodpressure/volumestimulatesthe

hypothalamustoreleaseADH(AntiDiureticHormone)

aswellasJGA(JuxtaglomerularApparatus)cellsto

releaserenin.Reninbyreninangiotensinmechanism

/

https://doubtnut.app.link/qv3Kcb5JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/zV1rFd5JW2

activeatestheadrenalcortextoreleasealdosterone.

AtrialNetriureticFactor(ANF)isproducedbyatriaof

heartduringincreasedbloodpressure/volume.Itcan

causevssodilationandthereby,decreasetheblood

prssure,therefore,option(b)iscorrect


Q-36-34596620

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

(A)maculadensacells

(B)endothelialcells(cellsliningthebloodvessels)

(C)livercells

(D)Juxtaglomerular(JG)cells

CORRECTANSWER:C

https://doubtnut.app.link/zV1rFd5JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/scIqXf5JW2

SOLUTION:

Angiotensinogenisaplasmaproteinproducedand

secretedbythelivercells.Reninissecretedfrom

juxtaglomerularcellsandactsenzymaticallyon

angiotensinogentorelease10aminoacidcontaning

peptideangiotensin-I.Maculadensaisactuallyaplaque

inwallattheendofthickassendinglimbofnephrons.


Q-37-34596593

Which one of the following statement is correct respect to kidney

function regulation

(A)ExposuretocoldtemperularstimulatesADHrelease

(B)Anincreaseinglomerularbloodflowstimulates

formationofangiotensin-II

https://doubtnut.app.link/scIqXf5JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/n0qgYh5JW2

(C)Duringsummerwhenbodyloseslotofwaterby

evaporationthereleaseofADHissuppressed

(D)WhensomeonedrinkslotofwaterADHreleaseis

stopped

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

Whensomeonedrinkslotofwaterwhichisnotrequired

bybody,theosmorgeulationofthebloodwilldecrease.

Thedecreaseinosmoregulationwillinhibitthereleaseof

ADH.


Q-38-14145769

Which of the following options has the correct pair of nephron parts

that maintain pH and ionic balance of blood?

https://doubtnut.app.link/n0qgYh5JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/WJ4uZj5JW2

(A)ProximalconvolutedtubuleandHenle'sloop

(B)Distalconvolutedtubuleandcollectingduct

(C)Proximalconvolutedtubuleandglomerulus

(D)collectingductandHenle'sloop

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

DCTmaintainsthepHandionicbalanceinthebloodby

reabsorptionof ,water, andselective

secretionof and .Collectingductplays

aroleinthemaintenanceofpHandionicbalanceof

bloodybyreabsorptionofwater,andelectivesecretion

of and ions.


Na+ HCO−3

H + , K + NH3

H + K +

https://doubtnut.app.link/WJ4uZj5JW2

Q-39-14145774

Select the incorrect statement regarding mechanism of urine

formation in man.

(A)Theglomerularfiltrationrateisabout125mlper

minute.

(B)Theultrafiltrationisopposedbythecolloidalosmotic

pressureofplasma.

(C)Aldosteroneinducesgreaterreabsorptionofsodium

(D)Thecountercurrectsystemcontributesindilutingthe

urine.

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

Countercurrentmechanismhelpstoconcentratethe

https://doubtnut.app.link/8Z0llm5JW2

urine.


Q-40-23779213

Chemical composition of renal calculi, besides uric acid is

(A)Bilesalts

(B)Bariumchloride

(C)Zincsulphate

(D)Calciumoxalate

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-41-23778963

In human beings, gout is caused by

https://doubtnut.app.link/8Z0llm5JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/l5Lqdo5JW2https://doubtnut.app.link/UqiZOq5JW2

(A)Deficiencyofiodine

(B)Excessivesecretionofthyroid

(C)Excessiveliberationofuricacid

(D)Depositionofuricacid

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-42-34596652

Cholera patient is administrated by 'saline drip' because

(A) ionsareimportantcomponentofbloodplasma

(B) ionshelptoretainwaterinthebody

(C) ionsareimportantintransportofsubstances

acrossmembrane

Cl−

Na+

Na+

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(D) ionshelpintheformbraneofHClinstomach

fordigestion

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Severdiarrhoea,vomiting,waterystoolsarethechief

symptomsofcholrea.Alltheseleadtodehydration.The

toxinsecretedbyVibriocholeraecausesacontinuous

activationofadenylatecyclaseofintestinalepithelial

cells.

TheresultanthighconentreationofcAMPtriggers

contiunalsecretionof andwaterintothe

lumenoftheintestine.Administrationofsalinenotonly

supportsthesodium-potassiumpumpthroughwhich

waterincellisrestored,butglucoseisalsosymorted

alongwithsodium.

Cl+

Cl− , HCO−3

https://doubtnut.app.link/3FIv2t5JW2


Q-43-34596646

A condition of failure of kidney to form urine is called

(A)deamination

(B)entropy

(C)anuria

(D)Noneofthese

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

Thetermsanuria,oligonuria,polynuriaanddysuriaare

usedforabsenceofurinescantyurine,largeamountsof

urineandpainfulurinationrespectively.Deaminationis

theremovalofanamino groupfrequently( − NH2)

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fromanaminoacidbytransaminaseenzymes.


Q-44-23778949

Haematuria is the disorder involving

(A)Thelossofbloodthroughtheurine

(B)LossofhaemoglobininR.B.C.

(C)Lossofglucoseinurine

(D)Theincreaseinconcentrationbloodurea

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-45-23778956

Excretion of bile pigments in the urine indicates

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(A)Anaemia

(B)Diabetes

(C)Rickets

(D)Jaundice

CORRECTANSWER:D


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