Dow Chemical Company - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

8/17/2019 Dow Chemical Company - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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The Dow Chemical Company

Type Public

Traded as NYSE: DOW

(https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS

S&P 500 Component

Industry Chemicals

Founded 1897

Founder Herbert Henry Dow

Headquarters Midland, Michigan, U.S

Area served Worldwide

Key people Andrew N. Liveris

(Chairman, President and CEO)

Products Chemicals, plastics, performance ch

catalysts, coatings, crop technology

oil and natural gas exploration and

production

Revenue US$48.778 billion (2015)[1]

Operating

income US$10.131 billion (2015)[1]

Profit US$7.685 billion (2015)[1]

Total assets US$68.026 billion (2015)[1]

Total equity US$25.374 billion (2015)[1]

Number of

employees51,635 (2015)[1]

Subsidiaries Dow AgroSciences, LLC.

Union Carbide Corp.

Rohm and Haas

ANGUS Chemical Company

Website www.dow.com (http://www.dow.co

ow Chemical Companym Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dow Chemical Company (NYSE: DOW

ps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOW)),

mmonly referred to as Dow, is an American

tinational chemical corporation headquartered in

land, Michigan. Dow provides chemical, plastic,

agricultural products and services to consumerkets that include food, transportation, health and

dicine, personal care and construction, and

rates in approximately 180 countries.[2][3][4]

of 2014, Dow ranked third in chemical production

er BASF and Sinopec), and as of 2015, was the

d largest chemical company in the world by

enue (after Sinopec and BASF).[5][6] Dow was

the world's largest chlorine producer, with 5.7on tons a year of production before Dow's

ociation with Olin was formed;[7] was ranked as

world's largest plastics manufacturer during

8,[8] and the largest manufacturer of polyalkylene

cols in 2013.[9]

w's principal lines of business include Agricultural

ences, Consumer Solutions, Infrastructure

utions, Performance Materials & Chemicals, and

formance Plastics.[10] It employs approximately

000 people worldwide.[11] Dow's 2014 sales

led approximately $58.2 billion.[5][12] Dow has

n called the "chemical companies' chemical

mpany" in that most of its sales are to other

ustries rather than end-users, although Dow sells

ctly to end-users primarily in the human and

mal health, agriculture and consumer productskets.[13]

company was founded in 1897 by Canadian-born

mist Herbert Henry Dow. After a period of major

ersification it became a major chemical company,

gnificant player in the world market, and a part of

military-industrial war effort during both World Wars.

http://www.dow.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_N._Liverishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland,_Michiganhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland,_Michiganhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Dowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Dowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_500https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dow_Chemical_Company_logo.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dow_Chemical_Company_logo.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dow_Chemical_Company_logo.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dow_Chemical_Company_logo.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Dowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Dowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Statista-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-PN-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-autogenerated2-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_markets-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Rudnick2013-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olin_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Forbes_chlorine-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Statista-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-CEN-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_chemical_producershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-10K-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Google_Finance-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Bloomberg-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrochemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrochemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_corporationhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Dowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-PN-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Statista-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-autogenerated2-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_markets-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Rudnick2013-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Slatter2007-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Forbes_chlorine-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olin_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-CEN-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Statista-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_chemical_producershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Bloomberg-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Google_Finance-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-10K-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrochemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland,_Michiganhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttps://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DOWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchangehttp://www.dow.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ANGUS_Chemical_Company&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohm_and_Haashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_AgroScienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Compa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ontents

1 Business lines

1.1 Agricultural Sciences

1.2 Consumer Solutions

1.3 Infrastructure Solutions

1.4 Performance Materials & Chemicals

1.5 Performance Plastics2 History

2.1 Early history

2.2 Diversification and expansion

2.3 Nuclear weapons

2.4 Vietnam War: Napalm and Agent Orange

2.5 Dow Corning breast implants

2.6 Bhopal disaster

2.7 DBCP

2.8 Dioxin contamination

2.9 Tax evasion2.10 Recent mergers, acquisitions and reorganization

2.10.1 1990s – transition from geographic alignment to global business units

2.10.2 Union Carbide merger2.10.3 2006–2008 restructuring

2.10.3.1 Rohm & Haas Co. purchase

2.10.3.2 Accelerated implementation

2.10.3.3 Strategy interruption

2.10.4 Sadara Chemical Company

2.10.5 2014 - New operating segments

2.10.6 U.S. Gulf Coast investments

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2.10.7 Consolidation, Acquisition, and Restructuring in 2015

2.10.8 Merger with DuPont

3 Sustainability and corporate social responsibility

4 Environmental record

5 Board of directors

6 2007 dismissal of senior executives7 Major collaborations

7.1 Lab Safety Academy

7.2 Nature Conservancy

8 Outlook9 Subsidiaries and joint ventures

9.1 Subsidiaries

9.2 Current joint ventures

10 Notable employees

11 References

12 Further reading

13 External links

usiness lines

ricultural Sciences

w’s Agricultural Sciences segment provides crop protection and seed/plant biotechnology products annologies, urban pest management solutions and oils. The business invents, develops, manufactures a

kets products for use in agricultural, industrial and commercial pest management, and food service.[

ment has sales in 135 countries, with global research and development and manufacturing facilities,

ounted for 12.5% of Dow’s total sales in 2014.[15] In late November 2015, the Dow Chemical Comp

ounced it struck a deal to sell part of its herbicide business, driven by "low crop prices" and its subse

ng sales. Its portfolio of dinitroanilines, weed killers, would pass to Gowan Company as part of the

l as registrations and trademarks such as Treflan and a packaging facility in Alberta, Canada.[16]

nsumer Solutions

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w’s Consumer Solutions segment consists of three global businesses: Consumer Care, Dow Automot

tems and Dow Electronic Materials. These businesses develop and market customized materials usin

nology and patented chemical processes for specialty applications, including semiconductors and or

t-emitting diodes, adhesives and foams used by the transportation industry, and cellulosics for

rmaceutical formulations and food applications.[17][18] The businesses in the Consumer Solutions se

e multiple markets including automotive; electronics and entertainment; healthcare and medical; and

onal and home care goods. Consumer Solutions made up 8% of Dow’s sales in 2014.[15]

rastructure Solutions

Infrastructure Solutions segment is composed of four global businesses: Dow Building & Construct

w Coating Materials, Energy & Water Solutions, and Performance Monomers.[19][20][21][22] These

nesses produce products such as architectural and industrial coating applications, building insulation

esives, microbial protection for the oil and gas industry, and water technologies.[23][24] Dow Energy

er Solutions for example, manufactures Filmtec reverse osmosis membranes which were used during

0 and 2008 Summer Olympics. Infrastructure Solutions accounted for 14.5% of Dow’s sales in 2014

rformance Materials & Chemicals

Performance Materials & Chemicals segment consists of five global businesses: Chlor-Alkali and V

orinated Organics, Epoxy, Industrial Solutions and Polyurethanes. Products produced by this segmen

ous end markets, ranging from agriculture, consumer goods, electronics and construction. Most of D

TDA margin expansion at this division comes from reduced raw material costs in turn due to the int

propylene production facility in Freeport. Performance Materials & Chemicals accounted for 26% o

s in 2014.[15][26] The Company completed its chlorine products transaction to Olin on October 5, 20

ued at $5 billion.

[27][28]

rformance Plastics

Performance Plastics segment is the world’s leading plastics franchise and is composed of five glob

nesses: Dow Elastomers, Dow Electrical and Telecommunications, Dow Packaging and Specialty P

rgy, and Hydrocarbons. Products from this segment are used for ubiquitous applications, ranging fro

per liners to beverage bottles and oil tanks. The products are based on the three major polyolefins –

ystyrene (such as Styron resins), polyethylene and polypropylene. Performance Plastics made up 39%

w’s sales in 2014.[15][29][30][31]

story

rly history

w was founded in 1897 by Canadian-born chemist Herbert Henry Dow, who invented a new method

acting the bromine that was trapped underground in brine at Midland, Michigan.[32] Dow originally

y bleach and potassium bromide, achieving a bleach output of 72 tons a day in 1902. Early in the com

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bromidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-invent-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland,_Michiganhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brominehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Henry_Dowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Starr1999-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_Annual_Report-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styron_(company)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyolefinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Stocks_Newswire-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Fox_Business_News-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Forbes_margins-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_Annual_Report-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeport,_Texashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBITDAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Bhattacharya2012-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Plunkett2007-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_Annual_Report-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-.292010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-PandeyReddy2014-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor


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Dow Corporate headquarters in Midland

ory, a group of British manufacturers tried to drive Dow out of the bleach business by cutting prices.

vived by also cutting its prices and, although losing about $90,000 in income, began to diversify its p

.[33]

905, German bromide producers began dumping bromides at low cost in the U.S. in an effort to prev

w from expanding its sales of bromides in Europe. Instead of competing head-on with the German pr

w bought the cheap German-made bromides and shipped them back to Europe, undercutting his Germ

mpetitors.[34] Even in its early history, Dow set a tradition of rapidly diversifying its product line. Wit

nty years, Dow had become a major producer of agricultural chemicals, elemental chlorine, phenol a

stuffs, as well as magnesium metal.[35][36][37][38][39]

ing World War I, Dow supplied many war materials the U.S. had previously imported from Germany

duced magnesium for incendiary flares, monochlorobenzene and phenol for explosives, and bromine

dicines and tear gas. By 1918, 90% of Dow production was geared towards the war effort.[40] At this

w created the diamond logo that is still used by the company.[41] After the war, Dow continued resear

gnesium, and developed refined automobile pistons that produced more speed and better fuel efficien

Dow metal pistons were used heavily in racing vehicles, and the 1921 winner of the Indianapolis 50

Dow metal pistons in his vehicle.[40]

he 1930s, Dow began producing plastic resins, which

uld grow to become one of the corporation's major

nesses. Its first plastic products were ethylcellulose,

de in 1935, and polystyrene, made in 1937.[8][42]

versification and expansion

m 1940 to 1941, Dow built its first plant at Freeport,as, in order to produce magnesium extracted from

water rather than underground brine, marking the first time that humans had mined the ocean for

al.[43][44] The Freeport plant is now home to Dow's largest site - and one of the largest integrated che

nufacturing sites in the world.[45] The site grew quickly - with power, chlorine, caustic soda and ethy

soon in production.[44] Growth of this business made Dow a strategically important business during

II, as magnesium became important in fabricating lightweight parts for aircraft.[46][37] Based on 20

3 data, the Freeport plants (known as "Texas Operations" internally) produced 27 billion pounds of p

1% of Dow's global production.[47] In 1942, Dow began its foreign expansion with the formation of

mical of Canada in Sarnia, Ontario to produce styrene for use in styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber.

gnesium production from Freeport in 1942 amounted to 84% of the whole country's production capa

o during WWII, Dow and Corning began their joint venture, Dow Corning, to produce silicones for m

, later, civilian use.[47][8]

"Ethyl-Dow Chemical Co." plant at "Kure's Beach" NC, the only plant on the East Coast producing

mine from seawater, was attacked by a German U-boat in 1942.[49][50][51]

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Aerial view of the Rocky Flat

from directly overhead in 195

he post-war era, Dow began expanding outside of North America, founding its first overseas subsidia

an in 1952 as Asahi-Dow Limited, and in several other nations soon thereafter.[52] Based largely on i

wing plastics business, Dow opened a consumer products division beginning with Saran wrap in 195

ed on its growing chemicals and plastics businesses, Dow's sales exceeded $1 billion in 1964, $2 bil

1, and $10 billion in 1980.[8]

clear weapons

m 1951 to 1975, Dow managed the Rocky Flats Plant near Denver, Colorado. Rocky Flats was a nucpons production facility that produced plutonium triggers for hydrogen bombs.

re were several instances of radioactive waste leakage and

tamination propagated from fires during Dow's management of the

lity.[54] In 1957 a fire burned plutonium dust in the facility and sent

oactive particles into the atmosphere.[55]

Department of Energy transferred management of the facility to

kwell International in 1975. In 1990, nearby residents filed a classon lawsuit against Dow and Rockwell for environmental

tamination of the area; the case was litigated in federal court. In

8, a federal judge ordered Dow and Rockwell to pay a combined

5 million in damages to the plaintiffs.[56] However, in September

0, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit reversed

decision.[57] According to the Appellate court, the owners of the 12,000 properties in the class-action

not proved that their properties were damaged or they had suffered bodily injury.[58] Rocky Flats is

ky Flats National Wildlife Refuge.

tnam War: Napalm and Agent Orange

United States military dropped napalm bombs on North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Dow was

eral manufacturers who began producing the napalm B compound under government contract from 1

Torrance, California plant.[59] After experiencing protests and negative publicity, the other suppliers

ontinued manufacturing the product, leaving Dow as the sole provider.[60] The company said that it

fully considered its position, and decided, as a matter of principle, "its first obligation was to the

ernment."[61] Despite a boycott of its products by anti-war groups and harassment of recruiters on so

ege campuses, Dow continued to manufacture napalm B until 1969.[61][62] The U.S. continued to dro

alm bombs on North Vietnam until 1973.[63][64]

nt Orange, a chemical defoliant containing dioxin, was also manufactured by Dow in New Plymouth

land, and in the United States for use by the British military during the Malayan Emergency and the

tary during the Vietnam War.[62] In 2005, a lawsuit was filed by Vietnamese victims of Agent Orang

nst Dow and Monsanto Co., which also supplied Agent Orange to the military.[65] The lawsuit was

missed.[66]

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Dow plant in Terneuzen.

w Corning breast implants

ajor manufacturer of silicone breast implants, Dow Corning (a joint venture between Dow and Corn

) was sued for personal damages caused by ruptured implants. On October 6, 2005, all such cases pe

United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit against the company were dismissed. The comp

ed: "Should cases involving Dow Corning's breast implant and other silicone medical products be fil

nst the company in the future, they will be accorded similar treatment."[67][68]

opal disaster

on Carbide became a subsidiary of Dow in 2001. The Bhopal disaster of 1984 occurred at a pesticide

ned by Union Carbide India Limited, a subsidiary of Union Carbide, 17 years before Dow’s acquisiti

cloud containing methyl isocyanate and other chemicals spread to the neighborhoods near the plant

e than half a million people were exposed. More than 27 years after the event, the actual number of

ill unknown.[69]

ivists are seeking to have Dow held responsible for the ongoing cleanup of the site.[70] Dow maintai

Madhya Pradesh state government is responsible for the cleanup.[71]

CP

il the late 1970s, Dow produced DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane), a soil fumigant, and nematic

under the product names Nemagon and Fumazone. Plantation workers who became sterile or were

h other maladies subsequently sued both Dow and Dole in Latin American courts, alleging that their

ments were caused by DBCP exposure.[72] While the courts agreed with the workers and awarded the

0 million in damages, they have been unable to collect any payment from the companies.

roup of workers then sued in the U.S., and, on November 5, 2007, a Los Angeles jury awarded them

ion. Dole and Dow vowed to appeal the decision.[73] On April 23, 2009, a Los Angeles judge threw

es against Dole and Dow due to fraud and extortion by lawyers in Nicaragua recruiting fraudulent pla

make claims against the company.[74] The ruling casts doubt on $2 billion in judgments in similar

suits.[75][76]

oxin contamination

as along Michigan's Tittabawassee River, which runs within yards of

w's main plant in Midland, were found to contain elevated levels of

cancer-causing chemical dioxin in November 2006.[77] The dioxin

located in sediments two to ten feet below the surface of the river,

, according to the New York Times, "there is no indication that

dents or workers in the area are directly exposed to the sites".[78]

wever, people who often eat fish from the river had slightly elevated

ls of dioxin in their blood.[78] In July 2007, Dow reached an

eement with the Environmental Protection Agency to remove 50,000

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ic yards (38,000 m3) of sediment from three areas of the riverbed and levees of the river that had bee

e contaminated.[79] In November 2008, the Dow Chemical Company along with the United States

ironmental Protection Agency and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality agreed to establi

erfund to address dioxin cleanup of the Tittabawassee River, Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay.[80]

x evasion

ebruary 2013 a federal court rejected two tax shelter transactions entered into by Dow that created

roximately $1 billion in tax deductions between 1993-2003.[81] In the stated opinion, the Court term

sactions "schemes that were designed to exploit perceived weaknesses in the tax code and not design

timate business reasons." The schemes were created by Goldman Sachs and the law firm of King &

lding, and involved creating a partnership that Dow operated out of its European headquarters in

tzerland.[82][81] Dow stated that it had paid all tax assessments with interest. The case was a lawsuit

Internal Revenue Service seeking a refund of the taxes paid.[83] The case was appealed to the United

rt of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, where Dow's claims were again rejected. Dow has petitioned for

c hearing by the 5th Circuit, arguing that the decision was contrary to established case law.[84] The c

ied this petition.[85]

cent mergers, acquisitions and reorganization

0s – transition from geographic alignment to global business units

he early 1990s, Dow embarked on a major structural reorganization.[86] The former reporting hierarc

graphically based, with the regional president reporting directly to the overall company president and

new organization combines the same businesses from different sites, irrespective of which region th

ong (e.g. the vice president for Polystyrene is now in charge of these plants all over the world). [87][88

on Carbide merger

he beginning of August 1999, Dow agreed to purchase Union Carbide Corp. (UCC) for $9.3 billion i

k.[90] At the time, the combined company was the second largest chemical company, behind DuPont

s led to protests from some stockholders, who feared that Dow did not disclose potential liabilities re

Bhopal disaster.[92]

liam S. Stavropoulos served as president and chief executive officer of Dow from 1995 to 2000, then

m 2002 to 2004.[93] He relinquished his board seat on April 1, 2006, having been a director since 199

rman since 2000. During his first tenure, he led the purchase of UCC which proved controversial, as

med for poor results under his successor as CEO Mike Parker.[94] Parker was dismissed and Stavropo

rned from retirement to lead Dow.[95][96]

6–2008 restructuring

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August 31, 2006, Dow announced that it planned to close facilities at five locations:[97]

Sarnia, Ontario was Dow's first manufacturing site in Canada.[98] In 1942, the Canadian governmeinvited Dow to build a plant there to produce styrene (an essential raw material used to make syntrubber for World War II). Dow then built a polystyrene plant in 1947. Up to the early 1990s, the CValley site contained numerous plants, while Dow Canada's headquarters was located at the Mode

Centre, and a new River Centre complex was opened which housed Research and Development.[9

then, several plants (Dow terminology for a production unit) on the site have been dismantled andDow Canada headquarters moved to Calgary, Alberta. The Dow Fitness Centre was donated to the

YMCA of Sarnia-Lambton, and the Modeland Centre was sold to Lambton County and the City oSarnia. In 2002, the steam plant was demolished and land on the site was sold to TransAlta which

natural gas power plant.[100]

One plant at its site in Barry (South Wales), a triple string STR styrene polymer production unit. Iin the company's development of the super high melt foam specific polymers & Styron A-Tech hi

gloss, high impact polymers.[101]

One plant at its site in Porto Marghera (Venice), Italy.[102]

Two plants at its site in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada.[98]

November 2, 2006, Dow and Izolan, the leading Russian producer of polyurethane systems, formed ture Dow-Izolan iand built a manufacturing facility in the city of Vladimir.[103] Also in 2006, Dow f

Business Process Service Center (BPSC).

December 2007, Dow announced a series of moves to revamp the company. A December 4 announce

ealed that Dow planned to exit the automotive sealers business in 2008 or 2009.[104] Within several w

w also announced the formation of a joint venture, later named K-Dow, with Petrochemical Industrie

C), a subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation. In exchange for $9.5 billion, the agreement includ

ng 50% of its interest in five global businesses: polyethylene, polypropylene and polycarbonate plas

ylenamines and ethanolamines.[105] The agreement was terminated by PIC on December 28, 2008.[10

m & Haas Co. purchase

July 10, 2008, Dow agreed to purchase all of the common equity interest of Rohm and Haas Co. for

on, which equated to $78 per share.[107] The buyout was to be financed with equity investments of $

on by Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and $1 billion by the Kuwait Investment Authority.[108] The purpose

was to move Dow further into specialty chemicals, which offer higher profit margins than the comm

ket and are more difficult to enter for the competition. The purchase was criticized by many on Wallo believe the company overpaid (about a 75% premium on the previous day's market capital) to acqu

mpany; however, the high bid was needed to ward off competing bids from BASF.[109] The transactio

chase the outstanding interest of Rohm and Haas closed on April 1, 2009.[110]

lerated implementation

December 8, 2008, Dow announced that due to the 2008 economic crisis, it would accelerate job cut

lting from its reorganization. The announced plan included closing 20 facilities, temporarily idling 1

nts, and eliminating 5,000 full-time jobs (about 11% of its workforce) and 6,000 contractor positions

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tegy interruption

ng the global recession that began in the latter half of 2008, the Kuwaiti government scuttled the K-D

nership on December 28, 2008.[112] The collapse of the deal dealt a blow to Dow CEO Andrew Live

on of restructuring the company to make it less cyclical. However, on January 6, 2009 Dow announc

e in talks with other parties who could be interested in a major joint venture with the company.[113] D

announced they that it would be seeking to recover damages related to the failed joint venture from

.[113]

er the K-Dow deal collapsed, some speculated that the company would not complete the Rohm & Ha

saction, as the cash from the former transaction was expected to fund the latter.[114] The deal was ex

e finalized in early 2009 and was to form one of the nation's largest specialty chemicals firms in the

.[115][116][117] However, on January 26, 2009 the company informed Rohm and Haas that it would be

omplete the transaction by the agreed upon deadline.[118] Dow cited a deteriorated credit market and

apse of the K-Dow Petrochemical deal as reasons for failing to timely close the merger. Around the

e, CEO Andrew Liveris said a first- time cut to the company's 97- year- old dividend policy was not

e." On February 12, 2009, the company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.15/share, down from $0.

vious quarter. The cut represented the first time the company had diminished its investor payout in th

dend's 97-year history.[119][120]

transaction to purchase the outstanding interest of Rohm and Haas closed on April 1, 2009.[121] Aft

otiating the sale of preferred stock with Rohm and Hass' two largest stockholders and extending thei

r bridge loan an additional year, the company purchased Rohm and Haas for $15 billion ($78 a share

ch 9, 2009.[122]

ara Chemical Company

011, Dow and Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) developed the joint venture, Sadara Che

mpany (Sadara, worth $20 billion),[123] with initial plants to come on stream in 2015.[123] The joint v

xpected to enable Dow’s strategy to drive long-term profitable growth, and is the largest chemical co

e built in a single phase.[124] As part of two "key strategic planks" for the company, construction of t

est single-construction petrochemicals complex will represent a tenfold increase in Dow's storage an

dling requirements, together with Dow's US Gulf Coast investments. Besides storage, the plant will p

nge of chemicals, particularly those used in textiles, packaging and food additives.[125]

4 - New operating segments

he fourth quarter of 2014, Dow announced new operating segments in response to its previously ann

ership changes. The company stated it would give further support to its end-market orientation and i

lignment to Dow’s key value chains – ethylene and propylene.[126]

. Gulf Coast investments

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eral plants on the Gulf Coast of the US have been in development since 2013, as part of Dow's trans

y from naphtha. Dow estimates the facilities will employ about 3000 people, and 5000 people durin

struction.[127] The plants will manufacture materials for several of its growing segments, including h

medical, transportation, electrical and telecommunications, packaging, consumer durables and sport

ure.[128]

w’s new propane dehydrogenation (PDH) facility in Freeport, Texas, is expected to come online in 20

h a first 750000 metric tonne per year unit, while other units could become available in the future.[12

ethylene production facility is expected to start up in the first half of 2017.[131][132][133]

nsolidation, Acquisition, and Restructuring in 2015

March 27, 2015, Dow and Olin Corporation announced that the boards of directors of both companie

nimously approved a definitive agreement under which Dow will separate a significant portion of its

orine business and merge that new entity with Olin in a transaction that will create an industry leader

enues approaching $7 billion.[134] Olin, the new partnership, became the largest chlorine producer in

ld.[7]

December 11, 2015, Dow announced that it had reached a deal to acquire Corning Incorporated's sta

r joint venture Dow Corning for $4.8 billion in cash and a roughly 40% stake in Hemlock Semicond

poration.

Dow Chemical Company has begun to shed commodity chemical businesses, such as those making

c ingredients for grocery bags and plastic pipes, because their profit margins only average 5-10%. D

f 2015, focusing resources on specialty chemicals that earn margins of at least 20%.[135][7] This is in

h its restructuring, together with reducing debt, and expecting to raise more than $11 billion from ass

mid-2016.[136]

rger with DuPont

December 11, 2015, Dow announced that it would merge with DuPont, in an all-stock deal. The com

mpany, which will be known as DowDuPont, will have an estimated value of $130 billion, be equally

shareholders of both companies, and maintain their headquarters in Michigan and Delaware respecti

hin two years of the merger's closure, expected in late-2016 and subject to regulatory approval, Dow

be split into three separate public companies, focusing on the agriculture, chemical, and specialty pr

ustries. Estimates are it will take up to two years for the tax-free split. Shareholders of each company

d 50% of the combined company.[137] Dow Chemical CEO Andrew N. Liveris will become executiv

rman of the new entity, while DuPont CEO Edward D. Breen will become CEO.[138] The sale is exp

e in early 2016.[139][140] Commentators have noted that the deal is likely to face antitrust scrutiny in

ntries.[141]

stainability and corporate social responsibility

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Dow works in Kings Lynn.

995, Dow launched its first set of 10-year goals.[142] By 2005, its Sustainability Goals focused on sa

rgy, conserving resources, and reusing waste.[142] The company then launched its 2015 Sustainability

which the company pledged to use science and technology to address

eral social and environmental challenges and reduce its global

print.[142][143] As part of these goals, the company's corporate social

onsibility arm commits itself to help address climate change, protect

man health, and improve energy efficiency, among others. Addressing

e goals, Dow has created a process for purifying water via reverse

osis with a reduction of energy usage of 30%; it has also created ahway to produce Omega-9 oils, thus trying to reduce the amount of

mful fats, such as trans fats from the American diet.[144][145]

w launched its 2025 Sustainability Goals in April, 2015. Its five goals

ude offsetting three times more carbon dioxide throughout its products' life cycles, facilitate the turn

te into new products, generating $1 billion in cost savings or new cash flow, give 600 thousand hour

port students and teachers in several fields of education, and reducing its water consumption, among

ers.[146][147] Most notably, its concept considering "natural capital" as part of major capital expenditu

ired by its collaboration with the Nature Conservancy. This collaboration saw the creation of a coastland to mitigate the impact of one of Dow's Texas plants. Dow's goal is to replicate this experience a

er projects.[148]

w supports its STEM education program by providing financial support and stimulating employee

olvement.[149][150]

nvironmental record

003, Dow agreed to pay $2 million, the largest penalty ever in a pesticide case,[151] to the state of Ne

making illegal safety claims related to its pesticides. The New York Attorney General's Office stated

w AgroSciences had violated a 1994 agreement with the State of New York to stop advertisements m

ty claims about its pesticide products. Dow stated that it was not admitting to any wrongdoing, and t

agreeing to the settlement to avoid a costly court battle.[152][153][154]

ording to the EPA, Dow has some responsibility for 96 of the United States' Superfund toxic waste s

ing it in 10th place by number of sites. One of these, a former UCC uranium and vanadium processi

lity near Uravan, Colorado, is listed as the sole responsibility of Dow.[155][156]

The rest are shared wmerous other companies. Fifteen sites have been listed by the EPA as finalized (cleaned up) and 69 ar

construction complete", meaning that all required plans and equipment for cleanup are in place.[157]

007, the chemical industry trade association - the American Chemistry Council - gave Dow an awar

ceptional Merit' in recognition of longstanding energy efficiency and conservation efforts. Between 1

5, Dow reduced energy intensity (BTU per pound produced) by 22%. This is equivalent to saving en

tricity to power eight million US homes for a year.[160] The same year, Dow subsidiary, Dow Agros

n a United Nations Montreal Protocol Innovators Award for its efforts in helping replace methyl brom

mpound identified as contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer. In addition, Dow Agrosciences

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_bromidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-CSR_News-160https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTUhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemistry_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Law360_can.27t_be-158https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-157https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-156https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-155https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uravan,_Coloradohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraniumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_wastehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Law360_colo-154https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-New_York_State_Attorney_General_Office-153https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-152https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_AgroScienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Attorney_Generalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-151https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Philadelphia_Business_Journal-150https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Change_the_Equation-149https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEM_fields#Educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-GreenBiz-148https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-The_Guardian_society-147https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_2025-146https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsettinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Michigan_live-145https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-environmentalleader-144https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fatshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_goals-143https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-LeeRamasamy2014-142https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprinthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-LeeRamasamy2014-142https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-LeeRamasamy2014-142https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_Lynnhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dow_Chemical_works_-_geograph.org.uk_-_650287.jpg


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A "Best of the Best" Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award.[161] The United States Environmental Pr

ncy named Dow as a 2008 Energy Star Partner of the Year for excellence in energy management and

uctions in greenhouse gas emissions.[162]

oard of directors

rent members of the board of directors of the Dow Chemical Company are:

Ajay Banga - President and CEO, MasterCard Incorporated[163]Jacqueline K. Barton - Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial Professor of Chemistry, Chair, Divis

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology[163]

James A. Bell - former Executive Vice President, Corporate President and CFO, The Boeing

Company[163]

Richard K. Davis - Chairman, President and CEO, U.S. Bancorp[163]

Jeff M. Fettig - Chairman and CEO, Whirlpool Corporation[163]

Mark Loughridge - former CFO, International Business Machines (IBM)[163]

Raymond J. Milchovich – Lead Director, Nucor Corporation; former Chairman and CEO, Foster W

AG[163]

Robert S. Miller – President and CEO, International Automotive Components (IAC) Group; form

Hawker Beechcraft, Inc.; former Executive Chairman, Delphi[163]

Paul Polman – CEO, Unilever PLC and Unilever N.V.[163]

Andrew N. Liveris – President, CEO and Chairman, the Dow Chemical Company[163]

Dennis H. Reilley - Non-Executive Chairman, Marathon Oil Corporation; former Chairman, Covi

Ltd.[163]

James M. Ringler – Chairman, Teradata Corporation[163]

Ruth G. Shaw - former Group Executive for Public Policy and President, Duke Nuclear; former Pand CEO, Duke Energy Corp.[163]

07 dismissal of senior executives

April 12, 2007, Dow dismissed two senior executives for "unauthorized discussions with third partie

potential sale of the company" - the two figures were executive vice president Romeo Kreinberg, and

ctor and former CFO J. Pedro Reinhard. Dow claimed they were secretly in contact with JPMorgan

he same time, a story surfaced in Britain's Sunday Express regarding a possible leveraged buyout of

w.[164] The two executives filed lawsuits claiming they were fired for being a threat to CEO Liveris, a

allegations were concocted as a pretext.[165] However, in June 2008, Dow and the litigants announce

ement in which Kreinberg and Reinhard dropped their lawsuits and admitted taking part in discussio

ich were not authorized by, nor disclosed to, Dow's board concerning a potential LBO" and acknowl

it would have been appropriate to have informed the CEO and board of the talks. [166]

ajor collaborations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-166https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/litiganthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-165https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-164https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Reinhardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo_Kreinberghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Energy_Corp.https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruth_G._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teradatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_M._Ringler&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covidien_Ltd.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_Oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dennis_H._Reilley&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_N._Liverishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilever_PLChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Polmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_Automotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcrafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Millerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster_Wheeler_AGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_J._Milchovich&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Loughridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_M._Fettig&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Bancorphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_K._Davishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Bellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Bartonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-dow.com-163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastercardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajay_Bangahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_directorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-162https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Starhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-161


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w sponsors and collaborates with partners such as Change the Equation, Habitat for Humanity and K

erica Beautiful.[149][167][168]

eptember 2004, Dow obtained the naming rights to the Saginaw County Event Center in Saginaw,

higan; the center is now called the Dow Event Center. The Saginaw Spirit (of the Ontario Hockey L

ys at the Center, which also hosts events such as professional wrestling and live theater.[169][170]

October 2006, Dow bought the naming rights to the stadium used by the Great Lakes Loons, a Single

or league baseball team located in its hometown of Midland, Michigan. The stadium is called Dow

mond.[171] The Dow Foundation played a key role in bringing the Loons to the city.[172][173]

uly 2010, Dow Dow signed a 10-year deal with the International Olympic Committee and became th

cial Chemistry Company of the Olympic Games. The sponsorship extends to 2020.[174] Dow aimed

chemistry, technology, and science" to help make the Olympic Games "more sustainable, higher

orming, and safer" for participants.[175] Dow sponsored the Olympic Stadium wrap during the 2012

mpics, and was involved in carbon footprint mitigation programs for the Sochi Winter Olympics, an

6 Rio Olympics.[176][177][178][179]

w also sponsors NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver Austin Dillon's #3 Chevrolet.[180]

b Safety Academy

May 20, 2013, Dow launched the Dow Lab Safety Academy, a website that includes a collection of v

resources that demonstrate best practices in laboratory safety.[181] The goal of the website is to impr

reness of safety practices in academic research laboratories and to help the future chemical workforc

elop a safety mindset. As such, the Dow Lab Safety Academy is primarily geared toward university

ents.[182] However, Dow has made the content open to all, including those already employed in the

mical industry. The Dow Lab Safety Academy is also available through the Safety and Chemical

ineering Education program, an affiliate of American Institute of Chemical Engineers; and The Cam

itute, an organization focusing on environment, health and safety practices.[6]

Dow Lab Safety Academy is one component of Dow’s larger laboratory safety initiative launched in

2, following a report from the U.S. Chemical Safety Board[183] that highlighted the potential hazard

ociated with conducting research at chemical laboratories in academic institutions. Seeking to share i

practices with academia, Dow partnered with several U.S. research universities to improve safety

reness and practices in the departments of chemistry, chemical engineering, engineering and materia

ough the pilot programs with U.C. Santa Barbara, University of Minnesota, and Pennsylvania State

versity, Dow worked with graduate students and faculty to identify areas of improvement and develo

ure of laboratory safety.[184]

ture Conservancy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-chemistryworld-184https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_studenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesotahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.C._Santa_Barbarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-183https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Chemical_Safety_and_Hazard_Investigation_Boardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-CEN-6https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Campbell_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Chemical_Engineershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-DavisWhite2015-182https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-181https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_safetyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Nascar-180https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Dillonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Sustainable_Brands_olym-179https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Reuters_Rio-178https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-177https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-BBC_News_wrap-176https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi_Winter_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprinthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_London_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(London)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-IOC_Marketing_Report-175https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Bloomberg_olympics-174https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Gameshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-173https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-172https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Mullin2014-171https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Diamondhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_league_baseballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Leaguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes_Loonshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-170https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-169https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_Leaguehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saginaw_Spirithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Event_Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saginaw,_Michiganhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-KAB-168https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Inside_Philanthropy-167https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Change_the_Equation-149https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep_America_Beautifulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Change_the_Equation&action=edit&redlink=1


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Bettye Washington Gree

professional African Am

woman chemist at Dow

anuary 2011, The Nature Conservancy and the Dow Chemical Co. announced a collaboration[185] to

grate the value of nature into business decision-making. Scientists, engineers, and economists from T

ure Conservancy and Dow are working together at three pilot sites (North America, Latin America, a

D[186]) to implement and refine models that support corporate decision-making related to the value an

urces nature provides. Those ecosystem services include water, land, air, oceans and a variety of pla

mal life. These sites will serve as a "living laboratories", to validate and test methods and models so t

sed to inform more sustainable business decisions at Dow, with a goal to influence the decision-mak

ness practices of other companies.[187]

utlook

ording to the American Chemistry Council, chemical production in the

. will continue to expand across 2015 and 2016, spurring the growth of

mpanies such as Dow. As for exports, there may be a reduction in their

rall attractiveness in overseas markets due to the stronger dollar. At the

e time, the production costs are set to decrease, given the abundant supply

hale gas and natural gas. This will likely mean increased exports in the

g run.[188]

h annual sales of over $58 billion and a net income of around $3.8 billion

2014, Dow holds a significant position in the US economy overall. Its

nings per share adjusted for non-operating items increased by almost 25%

r-on-year, and while the company might reduce production costs due to

her operating leverage, the decrease in the price of oil will likely cut its short-term profits.[189] Howe

O Andrew Liveris has pointed out that the increased demand due to lower oil prices might in fact inc

fits, in part as a result of Dow's ongoing divestment program.[189] He went as far as to say that the lo

atural gas as opposed to crude oil will add $2.5 billion per year to its earnings.[190]

lower energy and feedstock prices will, in turn, feed manufacturing, thus potentially increasing Dow

fits.[190] The company has several projects underway in sub-Saharan Africa, and the $20 billion Sada

mplex in Saudi Arabia.[191] All in all, the company's first-quarter net income for 2015 rose to 84 cents

e.[192][193][194][195]

bsidiaries and joint venturesw has a number of subsidiaries and joint ventures.[2]

bsidiaries

Arabian Chemical Company (Latex) Ltd.Arabian Chemical Company (Polystyrene) LimitedBattleground Water CompanyBiotechnology Research and Development CorporationBlue Cube Holding LLC (and affiliates)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-10K-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_venturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-MarketWatch_shares-195https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-The_Street_share-194https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Dow_-_10Q-193https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Bloomberg_share_price-192https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Crain.27s_Detroit_Business-191https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-CEN2-190https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedstockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-CEN2-190https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Forbes_outlook-189https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divestmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Liverishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-Forbes_outlook-189https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_leveragehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/year-on-yearhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-operating_incomehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_per_sharehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-ACC-188https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemistry_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-187https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-186https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-185https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettye_Washington_Greenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bettye_Washington_Greene_at_work.tif


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Buildscape, Inc.Buildscape, LLCCanStates Holdings Inc. (and affiliate)CD Polymers Inc.Centen Ag Inc. (and affiliates)Chemars III LLCChemtech II L.P.Clean Filtration Technologies LLCDC Partnership Management Inc. (and affiliate)DCOMCO, Inc.Denmerco Inc.Diamond Capital Management Inc.Dofinco, Inc.Dow Business Services LLCDow Capital International LLCDow Chemical (China) Investment Company Limited (and affiliates)Dow Chemical (Singapore) Private Limited (and affiliates)Dow Chemical China Holdings Pte. Ltd.Dow Chemical Delaware Corp. (and affiliates)Dow Chemical International Ltd. (and affiliates)Dow Chemical Kuwait B.V.Dow Chemical Singapore Holdings Pte. Ltd.Dow Chemical Taiwan LimitedDow AgroSciences, LLC.Union Carbide CorporationRohm and HaasANGUS Chemical Co.

rrent joint ventures

Dow Corning CorporationEQUATE Petrochemical Co. K.S.C.The Kuwait Olefins Company K.S.C.The Kuwait Styrene Company K.S.C.TKOC – JV between Dow and Petrochemical Industries CompanyMap Ta Phut Olefins Company LimitedMEGlobalSCG-DOW Group

Sadara Chemical Company - JV between Saudi Aramco and DowDow-Mitsui Chlor-Alkali LLC – JV between Mitsui & Co. and Dow

otable employees

George Becker, former vice president of the AFL-CIO, and president of the United Steelworkers;

at a Dow's aluminum rolling mill in Madison, Illinois, where he was a shop steward.[196]

Buddy Burris, professional football player with the Green Bay Packers; worked for Dow followin

football career.[197]

Norman F. Carnahan, chemical engineer; worked at Dow's Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana division

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaquemines_Parish,_Louisianahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_F._Carnahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-197https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Bay_Packershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Burrishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company#cite_note-196https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison,_Illinoishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Steelworkershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFL-CIOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Becker_(labor_leader)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui_%26_Co.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Corning_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohm_and_Haashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_AgroSciences


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1965 to 1968.[198]

Sven Trygve Falck, Norwegian engineer, businessperson and politician; Dow engineer in Texas fr

1967 to 1970.[199]

Larry Garner, Louisiana blues musician; worked at Dow's Baton Rouge, Louisiana facility.[200]

Bettye Washington Greene, first African-American female chemist employed at Dow; began work

1965 at the E.C. Britton Lab.[201]

Alexandre Hohagen, vice president for Latin America and US Hispanics at Facebook; former pub

relations manager for Dow Brazil.[202]

Zdravko Je!i", Olympic silver medalist; worked for Dow in Texas on the development of urethane

oxide polymers.[203]

Claude-André Lachance, youngest person elected to the Canadian House of Commons (prior to 20

director of public affairs for Dow Canada.[204]

Ray McIntire, inventor of styrofoam; began working for Dow in 1940 and became a research

director.[205]

Fred McLafferty, chemist who pioneered the technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

working at Dow's organic chemistry research laboratory in Midland, Michigan in the 1950s.[206]

John Moolenaar, member of the Michigan Senate and Michigan House of Representatives; worke

chemist for Dow.[207]

George Andrew Olah, recipient of 1994 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; employed at Dow's Sarnia, Ca

plant in the late 1950s.[208]

Forrest Parry, inventor of the magnetic stripe card; worked for Dow in the 1950s. [209]

Roy A. Periana, American organometallic chemist; worked for Dow at Midland, Michigan.[210]

Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi, conservative American Islamic cleric; worked for Dow after obtaining

chemical engineering degree from the University of Houston.[211]

Abraham Quintanilla, Jr., singer-songwriter; former shipping clerk at Dow's Freeport, Texas faciliSheldon Roberts, semiconductor pioneer who helped found Silicon Valley; former technical resea

Dow.[213]Alexander Shulgin, chemist and pharmacologist credited with introducing the drug MDMA ("ecstpsychologists in the late 1970s; worked for Dow in the 1960s, where he invented Zectran, the first

biodegradable insecticide.[214]

Mary P. Sinclair, environmental activist; former technical researcher at Dow.[215]

Huimin Zhao, Centennial Endowed Chair of Chemical and Bio-Molecular Engineering at the Uni

of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; project leader at Dow's Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory.[216]

eferences

1. "Dow Chemical Co 2015 Annual Report Form (10-K)" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commis

February 5, 2016.

2. "DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY 10-K". SEC.gov. SEC. Retrieved 6 October 2015.

3. "Dow Chemical Co". Google Finance. Google Finance. Retrieved 6 October 2015.

4. "DOW:US". Bloomberg. Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 October 2015.

5. "2015 ranking of the global top 10 chemical companies based on revenue (in billion U.S. dollars)". Statista. Sta

Retrieved 6 October 2015.

6. Tullo, Alexander H. "C&EN’s Global Top 50 Chemical Firms For 2014". CEN . CEN. Retrieved 6 October 2015

7. Fisher, Daniel. "Will $5B Sale Of Dow Chemical's Chlorine Business Silence Its Critics?". Forbes. Forbes. Retr

6 October 2015.

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