USE OF HIGH CONTENT CRUMB RUBBER FROM WASTED TIRE IN BULLETPROOF

CONCRETE PANELS

Piti Sukontasukkul, KMUTNB, Thailand

Sittisak Jamnam, KMUTNB, Thailand

Nemkumar Banthia, U of British Columbia, Canada

13th TRF Meeting, October 2013

Project Information

• Contract No. RSA 5480013

• Project Name: Development of High Performance Multi-Layer Bulletproof

Concrete Panel made of Rubberized Concrete and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

• Funding

– ทนพฒนาศกยภาพอาจารยรนกลาง สกว.2554

– ทนปรญญาเอกกาญจนภเษก สกว 2554

– ทนวจยรวมภาคอตสาหกรรม คณะวศวกรรมศาสตร มจพ • Status of the Project : Closed (1 and 3), On going (2)

• Output:

– 2 International journal papers (Construction and Building Materials, Materials and Structures)

– 3 International conference papers (CTU08-UK, ACF-Thailand and ICCS13-Japan)

– 3 National conference papers

Terrorist Threats in Thailand • Frequent terrorist threats in

the southern parts of Thailand.

• Riots in Bangkok due to political conflicts (three years ago).

Conventional Military Guard Post

• Sand bag or bamboo or wooden Structures

• Sandbag – Highly effective in

stopping bullet from penetrating and rebounding

– Slow installation

– Need to be replaced after being shot

– Poor UV and moisture resistance

Proposed Bulletproof Panel Double Layer: Rubberized and SFRC

• Front Layer: Rubberized concrete (5 mm)

• Back Layer: SFRC (25 mm)

• Objective:

By replacing part of the thickness with rubberized concrete layer to the front, it is expected that

– Panel is still able to stop bullet from penetrating.

– Weight of panel is reduced.

– Some kinetic energies could be absorbed by the rubberized concrete. The bullet may be stopped or bounce back at lower velocity.

Type Thick (mm) Material No. of

t1 t2 t1 t2 Spec.

R25 - 30 50%CRC - 3

R50 - 30 75%CRC - 3

R75 - 30 100%CRC - 3

S2 - 30 2%SFRC - 3

S3 - 30 3%SFRC - 3

S4 - 30 4%SFRC - 3

R50/S2 5 25 50%CRC 2%SFRC 3

R75/S2 5 25 75%CRC 2%SFRC 3

R100/S2 5 25 100%CRC 2%SFRC 3

R50/S3 5 25 50%CRC 3%SFRC 3

R75/S3 5 25 75%CRC 3%SFRC 3

R100/S3 5 25 100%CRC 3%SFRC 3

R50/S4 5 25 50%CRC 4%SFRC 3

R75/S4 5 25 75%CRC 4%SFRC 3

R100/S4 5 25 100%CRC 4%SFRC 3

T1

T2

Rubberized Concrete

Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Concrete mixed with Crumb Rubber (Rubberized Concrete)

Abandoned Tires Dumpster Fire Risks Breeding ground for insects and rodents

Sort out the grind-able parts

Mechanical grinding process

Sieving process Final product

Properties of Rubberized Concrete

Concrete mixed with crumb rubber

• Low strength and highly elastic.

• Highly effective in absorbing impact energy.

• Superior sound absorption

• Light weight

Fiber Reinforced Concrete • Excellent impact resistance • Ability to maintain integrity

and minimize flying debris under impact

• Preventing penetrating and minimizing flying debris but does not stop bullet from ricocheting.

• Heavy-density similar to plain concrete – Concrete 2.5 t/cu.m – Sand 1.7 t/cu.m

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Time (uSec)

En

erg

y (

N-m

)

Plain concrete@250mm

0.5%CP@250mm

0.5%FE@250mm

0.5%HE@250mm

1%HE@250mm

Test Setup

Technical Information

Caliber 9mm Lugar

Bullet Weight 115 grains (7.45 grams)

Bullet Style Full Metal Jacket

Case Type Brass

Ballistics Information:

Muzzle Velocity 1190 fps 362 m/s

Muzzle Energy 362 ft.lbs. 492 N.m

Failure Patterns: Plain Concrete

Spalling: Broken

pieces completely

flying out

Flexural

Cracks

Scabbing

Failure Patterns: Single Layer SFRC

Scabbing

Spalling: broken

pieces still intact

Failure Patterns: Single Layer Rubberized Concrete

Perforation

Perforation

+ Spalling

Failure Patterns Double Layer Plate

หน า หลง

ร ปท 5 การว ต อง นคอนกร ต 2 น ยท ว ป

หน า หลง

Penetration

& Scabbing

Spalling crack

with broken

pieces intact

Bullet Penetrating

in but stop at the

surface

Spalling crack

with broken

pieces intact

Contact Surface

2%SFRC

11 mm. 9 mm.

3%SFRC

38 mm. 43 mm.

38 mm. 43 mm.

42 mm. 36 mm.

42 mm. 36 mm.

SFRC-Single Layer

RBC75%

11 mm. 9 mm. RBC100%

11 mm. 9 mm.

CRC-Single Layer

50R/2S

11 mm. 9 mm.

50R/3S

11 mm. 9 mm.

หน า หลง

Bullet Penetrating

in but stop at the

surface

Spalling crack

with broken

pieces intact

Double Layer Plate

Failure Patterns Summary Type Failure Type Classification

R25 Perforation not pass

R50 Perforation not pass

R75 Perforation not pass

S2 Scabbing pass

S3 Scabbing pass

S4 Scabbing pass

R50/S2 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R75/S2 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R100/S2 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R50/S3 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R75/S3 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R100/S3 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R50/S4 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R75/S4 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

R100/S4 Penetrating+Scabbing pass

Pass = Bullet does not penetrate through the thickness

Typical Acceleration Res. SFRC (9 mm)

Typical Acceleration Res. Double Layer (9 mm Bul.)

Comparison Single Layer Plate Double Layer Plate

Responding time: Slower in Double layer plate

Acceleration Value: Lower in Double layer plate

Center Acc. vs. Rubber content Double-layer plate

1,053.38

785.21

579.81

819.33

759.05

526.22

864.41

602.97

389.40

735.98

432.51

353.43

-

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1,000.00

1,200.00

SFRC2% SFRC3% SFRC4%

Acc

eler

atio

n (m

2 /s)

0% Crumb Rubber

50% CR (0.5/2.5)

75%CR (0.5/2.5)

100%CR (0.5/2.5)

Bullet Type vs. Center Acceleration

81

9.3

3

75

9.0

5

52

6.2

2

86

4.4

1

60

2.9

7

38

9.4

0

73

5.9

8

43

2.5

1

35

3.4

3

62

8.4

2

55

4.8

4

45

1.3

4

73

8.4

5

50

6.4

7

45

2.3

1

64

8.2

2

35

5.2

8

54

6.5

2

-

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

1,000.00

50

R2

S (0

.5/2

.5)

50

R3

S (0

.5/2

.5)

50

R4

S (0

.5/2

.5)

75

R2

S (0

.5/2

.5)

75

R3

S (0

.5/2

.5)

75

R4

S (0

.5/2

.5)

10

0R

2S

(0.5

/2.5

)

10

0R

3S

(0.5

/2.5

)

10

0R

4S

(0.5

/2.5

)

Acc

ele

rati

on

(m

2/s

)

9 mm.

11 mm.

Displacement (9 mm.)

SFRC 2% SFRC 3%

50RS2 50RS3

Summary Displacement

Type

Center

Displ. (mm)

%

Comparison

Spec. Weight

(kg)

D/W ratio

(mm/kg)

S2 0.46 100 11.52 0.040

S3 0.44 100 11.18 0.038

S4 0.42 100 11.14 0.036

R50/S2 0.35 76 11.15 0.031

R75/S2 0.28 61 11.68 0.025

R100/S2 0.25 54 11.30 0.022

R50/S3 0.39 89 11.16 0.035

R75/S3 0.37 84 11.02 0.033

R100/S3 0.32 73 11.57 0.029

R50/S4 0.37 88 11.16 0.033

R75/S4 0.33 79 10.95 0.030

R100/S4 0.28 67 10.74 0.026

Conclusions

• Crumb rubber is one of the best solutions to reduce waste from discarded tires. It is used in this study to enhance the efficiency of the bulletproof concrete panels.

• Because of its ability to dissipate energy, the rubberized concrete layer is partially replaced the front layer of the SFRC plate. The results are successfully shown that the rubberized concrete layer is able to act as a cushion layer and absorb the impact energy from the bullet test as seen by the decreasing values of acceleration, displacement and D/W ratios.

Acknowledgement

• Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

• Golden Jubilee PhD. Scholarship Program, Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

• Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB