Donald TrumpFor other uses, see Donald Trump (disambiguation).Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an Ameri-can real estate magnate, television personality, politician,and author. He is the chairman and president of TheTrump Organization and the founder of Trump Enter-tainment Resorts.[1] Trumps branding eorts, businesscareer, outspoken manner, media appearances, and bookshave made him a celebrity. He hosted The Apprentice,[2]a U.S. television program on NBC.Trump is a son of Fred Trump, a New York City realestate developer.[10] Donald Trump worked for his fa-thers rm, Elizabeth Trump & Son, while attending theWharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and,in 1968, ocially joined the company.[11] He was givencontrol of the company in 1971, renaming it The TrumpOrganization.[12][13] Trump remains a major gure in therealestate industry in the United States and a mediacelebrity.[14]On June 16, 2015, Trump formally announced his can-didacy for President of the United States in the 2016election, seeking the nomination of the RepublicanParty.[15][16]Trumps early campaigning has seen himcatapult to high levels of popular support to the conster-nation of the Republican party leadership.[17] Since lateJuly 2015, he has been at the top in the public opinionpolls for the Republican Party nomination.[18][19]1 Early life and educationTrump was born on June 14, 1946, in the borough ofQueens in NewYork City. He is one of ve children bornto Mary Anne (ne MacLeod) and Fred Trump, who hadmarried in 1936. His oldest brother, Fred Jr., died in1981 at the age of 43.[20] Trumps mother was a Scottishimmigrant, born on the Isle of Lewis, o the west coastof Scotland,[21] and Trumps paternal grandparents wereGerman immigrants.[22]WhilelivinginJamaicaEstates, TrumpattendedtheKew-Forest School in Forest Hills, Queens, where FredTrump, Donalds father, was a member of the Board ofTrustees. Some of his siblings also attended Kew-Forest.At age 13, after behavior problems led to his dismissal,his parents sent him to the New York Military Academy(NYMA), hoping to direct his energy and assertivenessin a positive manner.[23]Trump attended Fordham University in the Bronx fortwo years, before transferring to the Wharton School ofthe University of Pennsylvania,because Wharton thenhad one of the few real estate studies departments in USacademia.[24] He graduated in 1968, with a Bachelor ofScience degree in economics.[25]Trump came of age for the draft during the VietnamWar.In an interview in 2011 on New York station WNYW,[26]he stated, I actually got lucky because I had a very highdraft number.[27] Selective Service records retrieved byThe Smoking Gun from NARA records show that, al-though Trump did eventually receive a high selective ser-vice lottery number, he was not drafted earlier because ofhis student deferments (2-S) while attending college, andafter receiving a medical deferment (1-Y, later convertedto 4-F) prior to the lottery being initiated.[28]2 Business careerTrump began his career at his fathers real estatecompany,[29]ElizabethTrumpandSon,[30]whichfo-cused on middle-class rental housing in the New YorkCity boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.One of Trumps rst projects, while he was still in college,was the revitalization of the foreclosed Swifton Villageapartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio, which his fatherhad purchased for $5.7 million in 1962. The Trumps be-came involved in the project and with a $500,000 invest-ment, turned the 1,200-unit complex with a 66 percentvacancy rate to 100 percent occupancy within two years.In 1972, the Trump Organization sold Swifton Village for$6.75 million. Donalds involvement with the project wasto perform some landscaping and menial labor.[31]In 1971, Trump moved to Manhattan and became in-volved in larger building projects and used attractive ar-chitectural design to win public recognition.[10] Trumpinitially came to public attention in 1973, when he was ac-cused by the Justice Department of violations of the FairHousing Act in the operation of 39 buildings. Trump inturn accused the Justice Department of targeting his com-pany because it was a large one, and to force it to rent towelfare recipients. Trump settled the charges in 1975,saying he was satised that the agreement did not com-pel the Trump organization to accept persons on welfareas tenants unless as qualied as any other tenant.[32]Trump made plans to acquire and develop the old PennCentral for $60 million with no money down.[33] Later,withthehelpof a40-year taxabatement fromthe12 3 BUSINESS VENTURES AND INVESTMENTSNewYorkCitygovernment, heturnedthebankruptCommodore Hotel into the Grand Hyatt[34] and createdThe Trump Organization.[35]New York City had a plan to build the Javits ConventionCenter on property for which Trump held a right-to-buyoption. Trump estimated his company could have com-pleted the project for $110 million[36] but the city rejectedhis oer and Trump received a brokers fee on the sale ofthe property instead. Repairs on The Wollman Rink inCentral Park (built in 1955) were started in 1980 with anexpected 2-year construction schedule but was nowherenear completion by 1986. Trump took over the manage-ment of the project, at no cost to the city, and completedit in three months for $1.95 million, which was $750,000less than the initial budget.[37]In 1988, Trump acquired the Taj Mahal Casino in a trans-action with Merv Grin and Resorts International.[38]This expansion, both personal and business, led to mount-ing debt.[39]By 1989, poor business decisions left Trump unable tomeet loan payments. Trump nanced the constructionof his third casino, the $1 billion Taj Mahal, primarilywith high-interest junk bonds. Although he shored uphis businesses with additional loans and postponed inter-est payments, by 1991, increasing debt brought Trumpto business bankruptcy[39] and to the brink of personalbankruptcy. Banks and bond holders had lost hundredsof millions of dollars, but opted to restructure his debtto avoid the risk of losing more money in court. TheTaj Mahal emerged frombankruptcy on October 5, 1991,with Trump ceding 50 percent ownership in the casino tothe original bondholders in exchange for lowered interestrates on the debt and more time to pay it o.[40]The late 1990s saw a resurgence in his nancial situa-tion. In 2001, he completed Trump World Tower, a 72-story residential tower across from the United NationsHeadquarters.[41] Also, he began construction on TrumpPlace, a multi-building development along the HudsonRiver. Trump owns commercial space in Trump Inter-national Hotel and Tower, a 44-story mixed-use (hoteland condominium) tower on Columbus Circle. Trumpowns several million square feet of prime Manhattan realestate.[42]Trump has developed many real estate projects, such asTrump International Hotel and Tower Honolulu, TrumpInternational Hotel and Tower Chicago, Trump Inter-national Hotel and Tower Toronto, and Trump Tower Tampa. In Fort Lauderdale, Florida, one of Trumpsconstruction projects was put on hold in favor of an-other (Trump International Hotel and Tower Fort Laud-erdale). Meanwhile, Trump Towers Atlanta One was de-veloped in a housing market having the nations second-highest inventory of unsold homes.[43]In 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth at $4.1 billion.[2]In June 2015, Business Insider published a June 30, 2014,nancial statement supplied by Trump. The statement re-ects his net worth as $8.7 billion. Of that amount, $3.3billion is represented by Real Estate Licensing Deals,Brand and Branded Developments, described by Busi-ness Insider as basically [implying] that Trump valueshis character at $3.3 billion.[44] In July 2015, the Federalelection regulators released new details of his wealth andnancial holdings when he became a Republican presi-dential candidate.3 Business ventures and invest-mentsMain article: The Trump OrganizationThe Trump Organization owns, operates, develops and invests inreal estate around the world such as Trump International Hoteland Tower in Chicago.3.1 Trump branding and licensingBeyond his traditional ventures in the real estate, hos-pitality, and entertainment industries, Trump has estab-lished the Trump name and brand in other industries andproducts. Trump has succeeded in marketing the Trumpname on a large number of products, including TrumpFinancial (a mortgage rm), Trump Sales and Leasing(residential sales), Trump Restaurants (located in TrumpTower and consisting of Trump Buet, Trump Catering,Trump Ice Cream Parlor, and Trump Bar), GoTrump3.1 Trump branding and licensing 3(an online travel website),[45] Donald J. Trump SignatureCollection (a line of menswear, mens accessories, andwatches), Donald Trump The Fragrance (2004), Trumpmagazine, Trump Golf, Trump Chocolate, Trump home(home furnishings), Trump Productions (a television pro-duction company), Trump Institute, Trump The Game(1989 board game), Donald Trumps Real Estate Ty-coon (a business simulation game), Trump Books, TrumpModel Management, Trump Shuttle, Trump Ice, TrumpMortgage, Trump Vodka, and Trump Steaks. In addition,Trump reportedly receives $1.5 million for each one-hourpresentation he does for The Learning Annex.[46]In 2011, Forbesnancial experts estimated the valueof the Trump brand at $200 million. Trump disputesthis valuation, saying that his brand is worth about $3billion.[47] Many developers pay Trump to market theirproperties and to be the public face for their projects.[48]For that reason, Trump does not own many of the build-ings that display his name.[48] According to Forbes, thisportion of Trumps empire, actually run by his children, isby far his most valuable, having a $562 million valuation.According to Forbes, there are 33 licensing projects underdevelopment including seven condo hotels (the sevenTrump International Hotel and Tower developments).3.1.1 Net worthIn April 2011, amidst speculation whether Trump wouldrun as a candidate in the US presidential election of 2012,Politico quoted unnamed sources close to himstating that,if Trump should decide to run for president, he wouldle nancial disclosure statements that [would] show hisnet worth [was] in excess of $7 billion with more than$250 million of cash, and very little debt.[49] (Presiden-tial candidates are required to disclose their nances afterannouncing their intentions to run.) Although Trump didnot run as a candidate in the 2012 elections, his profes-sionally prepared 2012 nancial disclosure was publishedin his book stating a $7 billion net worth.[50] Estimatesof Trumps net worth have uctuated along with real es-tate valuations: In 2015, Forbes listed it as $4.1 billion.[5]On June 16, 2015, just prior announcing his candidacyfor President of the United States, Trump released pro-fessionally prepared nancial disclosure statements to themedia stating a net worth of almost $9 billion.[51] In July2015, the Federal election regulators released new detailsof his wealth and nancial holdings when he became aRepublican presidential candidate, reporting that his as-sets are worth above $1.4 billion, which includes at least$70 million in stocks, and he carries a debt of at least$265 million.[3][4]3.1.2 Trump TowerMain article: Trump Tower (New York City)Trump Tower is a 58-story mixed-use skyscraper at725 Fifth Avenue, at the corner of East 56th Street inTrump Tower, at 725 Fifth Avenue, ManhattanMidtown Manhattan, New York City. It was developedby Trump and the Equitable Life Assurance Company.It is now just developed/owned by Donald Trump, anddesigned by Der Scutt of Swanke, Hayden Connell.3.1.3 Stock market investmentsIn 2011, Trump made a rare foray into the stock mar-ket after being disappointed with the depressed Ameri-can real estate market and facing poor returns on bank de-posits. He stated that he wasn't a stock market person, buthe also stated that prime real estate at good prices is hardto get. Among the stocks Trump purchased, he stated hebought stock in Bank of America, Citigroup, CaterpillarInc., Intel, Johnson & Johnson, Procter & Gamble.[52]and Facebook.[53] On selling stock picks in 2014, Trumpearned a $27 million prot, with 40 of the 45 stocks hepurchased generating a prot in 2014.[54]3.1.4 SportsIn 1983, Trump purchased the New Jersey Generals forthe inaugural season of the United States Football League(USFL). The Generals hired former New York Jets headcoachWalt Michaels. Priortotheinaugural season,Trump sold the franchise to Oklahoma oil magnate J.Walter Duncan. Prior to the 1984 season, Duncan soldthe team back to Trump.[55]The USFL planned to play its 1986 schedule in the fall,directlyoppositetheNFL, thanksmostlytoTrumps4 4 ENTERTAINMENT MEDIAstrong advocacy of direct competition with the older, es-tablished league. Two years earlier, Trump sold mostof his fellow owners on a move to the fall by arguingthat it would eventually force a merger with the NFLin which the owners of any USFL teams included in amerger would see their investment more than double.The Generals merged with the Houston Gamblers duringthe extended oseason, adding such stars as quarterbackJimKelly and wide receiver Ricky Sanders. Michaels wasred, replaced with former Gamblers coach Jack Pardee,who planned to bring the Gamblers high-powered runandshoot oensewithhim. However, theUSFLsDream Team never took the eld. The 1986 seasonwas cancelled after the USFL won a minimal verdict in anantitrust lawsuit against the NFL; the league folded soonafterward.Trump at one time acted as a nancial advisor for MikeTyson,[56] hosting Tysons ght against Michael Spinks inAtlantic City.[57]3.1.5 GolfTurnberry Hotel, Ayrshire, ScotlandThe Trump Organization operates many golf courses andresorts in the United States and around the world.[58] OnFebruary 11, 2014, it was announced that Trump hadpurchased Doonbeg Golf Club in the Republic of Ire-land. It was conrmed that Doonbeg Golf Club wouldbe renamed Trump International Golf Links, Ireland.[59]In 2006, Trump bought the Menie estate in Balmedie,Aberdeenshire, Scotland creating a highly contentiousgolf resort.[60][61] In April 2014, Trump purchased theTurnberry hotel and golf resort in Ayrshire,Scotland,which is a regular xture in the Open Championshiprota.[62][63] In June 2015,Trumps appeal objecting toan oshore windfarm (Aberdeen Bay Wind Farm) withinsight of the golf links was denied.[64]3.2 Beauty pageantsFurther information: Miss USA and Miss UniverseTrumphasownedtheMissUniverseandMissUSAbeauty pageants since 1996. Among the most recognizedbeauty pageants in the world, the pageant was founded in1952 by the California clothing company Pacic Mills.In 2015, NBC and Univision both ended their businessrelationships with the Miss Universe Organization afterTrumps presidential campaign kicko speech on June16, in which he stated:The U.S. has become a dumping groundforeverybodyelsesproblems. Thankyou.Its true, and these are the best and thenest. When Mexico sends its people, theyrenot sendingtheir best. Theyrenot send-ing you. Theyre not sending you. Theyresendingpeoplethat havelots of problems,and theyre bringing those problems with us.Theyre bringing drugs. Theyre bringingcrime. Theyre rapists. And some, I assume,are good people.[65]Trump subsequently led a $500 million lawsuit againstUnivision alleging a breach of contract and defamation.Cable network Reelz then acquired the rights to exclu-sively telecast the Miss USA pageant.[66][67]4 Entertainment mediaInthemedia, Trumpis atwo-timeEmmyAwardnominated personality, has made appearances as a cari-catured version of himself in television series and lms(e.g. HomeAlone2: Lost inNewYork, TheNanny,TheFreshPrinceofBel-Air, DaysofOurLives, WallStreet: Money Never Sleeps.[68]), and as a character (TheLittleRascals). Hehasbeenthesubject ofcomedi-ans, Flash cartoon artists, and online caricature artists.Trump also had his own daily talk radio program calledTrumped!.[69][70][71][72][73]In March 2011,Trump was the subject of a ComedyCentral Roast. The special was hosted by Seth Mac-Farlane, and roasters included Larry King, Snoop Dogg,and Anthony Jeselnik among regular roast participants.Trumps daughter Ivanka was seen in the audience. InApril 2011, Trump attended the White House Correspon-dents Dinner, featuring comedian Seth Meyers. Presi-dent Obama used the occasion to present several preparedjokes mocking Trump.[74]4.2 World Wrestling Entertainment 5Trump with Dennis Rodman during the latters participation onThe Apprentice4.1 The ApprenticeIn 2003, Trump became the executive producer and hostof the NBC reality show, TheApprentice, in which agroup of competitors battled for a high-level managementjob in one of Trumps commercial enterprises. Contes-tants were successively red and eliminated from thegame. In 2004, Donald Trump led a trademark applica-tion for the catchphrase "You're red.For the rst year of the show, Trump was paid $50,000per episode (roughly $700,000 for the rst season), butfollowing the shows initial success, he is currently paida reported $3 million per episode, making him one ofthe highest paid TV personalities. In July 2015, Trumpreported in his personalnancialdisclosure statementwith the Federal Election Commission that NBCUniver-sal had paid him$213,606,575 for his 14 seasons of host-ing the show.[75] In 2007, Trump received a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to televi-sion (The Apprentice).[76]Along with British TV producer Mark Burnett, Trumpalso put together The Celebrity Apprentice, in which well-known stars compete to win money for their charities.While Trump and Burnett co-produced the show, Trumpstayedintheforefront, decidingwinnersandringlosers.On February 16, 2015, NBC announced that they wouldbe renewing The Apprentice for a 15th season.[77] 11 dayslater, Trump stated that he was not ready to sign on foranother season because of the possibility of a presidentialrun.[78] Despite this, on March 18, NBC announced theywere going ahead with production.[79] On June 29, af-ter widespread negative reaction stemming from Trumpscampaign announcement speech, NBC released a state-ment saying, Due to the recent derogatory statements byDonald Trump regarding immigrants, NBCUniversal isending its business relationship with Mr. Trump, appar-ently ending Trumps role in The Apprentice.[80]4.2 World Wrestling EntertainmentTrump is a known World Wrestling Entertainment fanand friend of WWE owner Vince McMahon. He hashosted two WrestleMania events in the Trump Plaza andhas been an active participant in several of the shows.[81]TrumpsTrumpTajMahal inAtlanticCitywashostto the 1991 WBF Championship (which was owned byWWE, known at the time as the World Wrestling Fed-eration). Trump was interviewed by Jesse Ventura ring-side at WrestleMania XX.[82]He also appeared at WrestleMania 23 in a match calledThe Battle of the Billionaires.[81]Trump was in thecorner of Bobby Lashley, while Vince McMahon was inthe corner of Lashleys opponent Umaga with Stone ColdSteve Austin as the special guest referee.[81] The stipula-tion of the match was hair versus hair, which means thateither Trump or McMahon would have their head shavedif their competitor lost.[81] Lashley won the match, andhe and Trump shaved McMahon bald.[81]On June 15, 2009, as part of a storyline, McMahon an-nounced onMondayNight Raw that he had sold theshowto Trump.[81] Appearing on screen, Trump declaredhe would be at the following commercial-free episode inperson and would give a full refund to the people whopurchased tickets to the arena for that nights show.[81]McMahon bought backRaw the following week fortwice the price.[81] His entrance theme Money, Moneywas written by Jim Johnston.Trump was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWEHall of Fame in 2013 at Madison Square Garden forhis contributions to the promotion. He made his fthWrestleMania appearance the next night.[83]5 PoliticsA2011report bytheCenterforResponsivePoliticsshowed that over two decades of US elections, DonaldTrump made contributions to campaigns of both Re-publican Party and Democratic Party candidates.[84] InFebruary 2012, Trump endorsed Mitt Romney for pres-ident of the United States.[85] Trump was an early sup-porterofRonaldReaganforpresident oftheUnitedStates.[86]6 5 POLITICSDonald Trump speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Ac-tion Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland onFebruary 27, 2015In April 2011, he questioned President Barack Obama'sproof of citizenship.[87] Trump also questioned whetherObama had good enough grades to warrant entry to Har-vard LawSchool.[88] On April 25, 2011, Trump called forObama to end the citizenship issue by releasing the long-formof his birth certicate.[89][90] Two days later, Obamamade a formal statement in eorts by the White Houseto put the matter to rest with the release of the long-formof Obamas birth certicate.[91] Trump expressed prideat his role in the release of the long-form certicate in apress conference follow-up.[92]Donald Trump has spoken before Tea Partysupporters.[93][94][95]In December 2008, Trumpemerged as an early supporter of the 2009 governmentbackedrescueplanfor theUSautoindustrywhichby2012wassupportedby56%ofAmericans(63%support in Michigan), according a Pew Research Centerpoll.[96][97]StatementsofTrumpshintingthat vacci-nation would cause autism were subject to criticism invariousmediabythescienticcommunity.[98][99]Hehas also been criticized for climate change-denyingstatements, because they are discordant with the opinionof the scientic community.[100]Trump oated the idea of running for president in 1988,2004, and 2012, and for governor of New York in 2006and 2014, but did not enter those races.[101][102] He ran forthe presidential nomination of the Reform Party in 2000,winning the partys California primary.[103][104][105][106]As Trump publicly speculated about seeking the 2012Republican presidential nomination, a Wall Street Jour-nal/NBCNews poll released in March 2011 found Trumpleadingamongpotential contenders, onepoint aheadofformerMassachusettsGovernorMitt Romney.[107]ANewsweek poll conducted in February 2011 showedTrump within a few points of Barack Obama, with manyvoters undecided in the November 2012 general electionfor president of the United States.[108] A poll released inApril 2011 by Public Policy Polling showed Trump hav-ing a nine-point lead in a potential contest for the Repub-lican nomination for President of the United States whilehe was still actively considering a run.[109][110] His moveswere interpreted by some media as possible promotionaltools for his reality show The Apprentice.[111][112][113] OnMay 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run forpresident.[111] Public Policy Polling described the eventsof May 2011 as one of the quickest rises and falls in thehistory of presidential politics.[114] In December 2011,Donald Trump was named among the top six of the tenmost admired men and women living, according to a USAToday/Gallup poll.[115]In January 2013, Trump (who is a notably popular g-ure in Israel,[116] where his name is attached to productssometimes without his permission)[117] released a videoendorsing Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahuduring the 2013 Israeli elections, stating that A strongprime minister is a strong Israel.[118][119] In 2015, Trumpwas awarded the 'Liberty Award' at the 'Algemeiner Jew-ish 100 Gala' in honor of his positive contributions toUSIsrael relations.[120] Trump stated: I have so manyfriends in Israel.[121]In 2013, Trump was a featured speaker at theConservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).[122]The speech was not well-attended.[123] He spent over $1million to research a possible run for president of theUnited States.[124] In October 2013, New York Republi-cans had circulated a memo suggesting Trump should runfor governor of the state in 2014 against Andrew Cuomo.Trump said that while New York had problems and taxeswere too high, running for governor was not of great in-terest to him.[125] In February 2015, Trump opted not torenew his television contract for The Apprentice, gener-ating speculation that he might run for President of theUnited States in 2016.[126]5.1 Presidential campaign, 2016Main article: Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016Trump formally announced his candidacy for presidentof the United States in the 2016 elections on June 16,2015,from his headquarters in Trump Tower in NewYork City.[15][16] Trump launched his campaign declar-ing the ocial slogan, We are going to make our coun-try great again with a commitment to become the great-est jobs president that God ever created.[16][127] A sur-vey conducted by The Economist/YouGov released July9, 2015 became signicant as the rst major nationwidepoll to show Trump as the 2016 Republican presidentialfrontrunner.[128] A Suolk/USA Today poll released onJuly 14, 2015 showed a 17% support for Trump amongRepublican voters, with runner-up Jeb Bush picking up14%.[129] A Washington Post-ABC News poll taken onJuly 1619 showed Trump had 24% Republican support,over Scott Walker at 13%.[130] A CNN/ORC poll showedTrump in the lead at 18% support among Republicanvoters, over Jeb Bush at 15%.[131][132] In CBS news poll7Donald Trump campaigning at the Laconia Rally, Laconia, NewHampshire.from August 4, Trump was again rst with 24% of sup-port, Bush was second at 13% and Walker was third at10%.[133]6 Personal lifeTrump is popularly known as The Donald, a nicknameperpetuated by the media after his rst wife Ivana Trumpreferred to him as such in an interview.[134]Trumps mother, Mary Anne, was born in 1912 at Tong,Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis, o the coast of Scotland.In 1930, aged 18, on a holiday in NewYork, she met FredTrump and stayed in New York. Born in Queens, NewYork,[135] Trump has four siblings: two brothers, Fred,Jr. (who is deceased) and Robert S. Trump; and two sis-ters, Maryanne and Elizabeth. His older sister, MaryanneTrump Barry, is a federal appeals court judge.In 1977, Trump married Ivana Zelnkov, a native of theCzech Republic, and together they have three children:Donald, Jr. (born December 31, 1977), Ivanka (bornOctober 30, 1981), and Eric (born January 6, 1984).They were divorced in 1992. In 1993, he married MarlaMaples and together they had one child, Tiany (bornOctober 13, 1993). They divorced on June 8, 1999.In a February 2008 interview on ABCs news programDonald TrumpMelania Knauss-TrumpNightline, Trump commented on his ex-wives by saying,8 7 LEGAL AFFAIRSI just know its very hard for them [Ivana and Marla] tocompete because I do love what I do. I really love it.On April 26, 2004, he proposed to Melania Knauss, a na-tive of Slovenia. Trump and Knauss married on January22, 2005, at Bethesda by the Sea Episcopal Church, onthe island of PalmBeach, Florida, followed by a receptionat Trumps Mar-A-Lago estate.[136] Melania gave birth toa boy named Barron William Trump, Trumps fth child,on March 20, 2006.[137][138]Trump has seven grandchildren: ve from his son Don-ald Jr. (Kai Madison,[139]Donald John III,[140]Tris-tan Milos,[141] Spencer Frederick and Chloe Sophia) andtwo from his daughter Ivanka (Arabella Rose and JosephFrederick[142][143]).Trump is a Presbyterian.[9] In an April 2011 interview, onthe 700 Club, Trump said, I'm a Protestant, I'm a Pres-byterian. And you know I've had a good relationship withthe church over the years. I think religion is a wonderfulthing. I think my religion is a wonderful religion.[144][145]Of his daughter Ivankas conversion to Judaism he said:Not only do I have Jewish grandchildren, I have a Jewishdaughter and I am very honored by that.[146]7 Legal aairsFour of Trumps businesses have declared Chapter11 bankruptcy.[147]According to a 2011 report byForbes, these were due toover-leveragedhotel andcasino businesses in Atlantic City: Trumps Taj Mahal(1991), Trump Plaza Hotel (1992), Trump Hotels andCasino Resorts (2004), and Trump Entertainment Re-sorts (2009).[148][149] Trump said I've used the laws ofthis country to pare debt. We'll have the company.We'll throw it into a chapter. We'll negotiate with thebanks. We'll make a fantastic deal. You know, its like on'The Apprentice'. Its not personal. Its just business.[150]Heindicatedthat other great entrepreneursdothesame.[148]Trumps rst corporate bankruptcy was in 1991 whenTrump Taj Mahal was unable to pay its obligations.[150]Forbes indicated that his rst bankruptcy was the onlyone where his personal wealth was involved. Time, how-ever, maintains that also in the later 2004 bankruptcy $72million of his personal money was involved.[151]On November 2, 1992, the Trump Plaza Hotel led aprepackaged Chapter 11 protection plan. Under the plan,Trump agreed to give up a 49 percent stake in the lux-ury hotel to Citibank and ve other lenders.[152] In returnTrump would receive more favorable terms on the re-maining $550+ million owed to the lenders, and retain hisposition as chief executive, though he would not be paidand would not have a role in day-to-day operations.[153]Inthesubsequent restructuringof thesetwoevents,Trump had eliminated a large portion of his $900 mil-lion personal debt by 1994[154] and reduced signicantlyhis nearly $3.5 billion in business debt. While he relin-quished the Trump Princess yacht and the Trump Shut-tle (which he had bought in 1989), he managed to re-tain Trump Tower in New York City and control of histhree casinos in Atlantic City. Trump sold his owner-ship of West Side Yards to Asian developers as a resultof his negotiations with Chase Manhattan Bank. Trumpwas reportedly paid a premiumfor placing his well knownmoniker on the buildings that eventually arose. In 1995,he combined his casino holdings into the publicly heldTrump Hotels & Casino Resorts. The real estate as-sets became a source of wealth even when prots hadstruggled.[155]The third corporate bankruptcy was on October 21, 2004,when Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts announced a re-structuring of its debt.[156] The plan called for Trumpsindividual ownership to be reduced from56 percent to 27percent, with bondholders receiving stock in exchange forsurrendering part of the debt. Trump Hotels was forcedto seek voluntary bankruptcy protection to stay aoat.After the company applied for Chapter 11 Protection inNovember 2004, Trump opted to relinquish his CEO po-sition but retained a role as Chairman of the board. InMay 2005[157] the company emerged from bankruptcy asTrump Entertainment Resorts Holdings.[158]The most recent corporate bankruptcy occurred in 2009.On February 13,Trump announced that he would re-sign from the board of Trump Entertainment Resortsand four days later the company led for Chapter 11bankruptcy.[159] At that time, Trump Entertainment Re-sorts had three properties in Atlantic City: Trump TajMahal, Trump Plaza, and Trump Marina (sold in 2011).In early August 2014, Donald Trump led a lawsuit re-questing his name be removed fromthe Trump Plaza Ho-tel and Casino and the Taj Mahal facilities since he nolonger runs or controls the company.[160] Trump Enter-tainment Resorts led again for bankruptcy in 2014.[161]In1973, theJusticeDepartment unsuccessfullysuedTrump Management Corporation for alleged racial dis-crimination, at which time Trump was the companyspresident.[162] The federal government led the lawsuitagainst his New York City real estate company for al-legedlydiscriminatingagainst potential blackrenters,which Trump never admitted. The case was settled outof court in 1975.[163]In March 1990, after an analyst at Janney MontgomeryScott said that Trumps Taj Mahal project would initiallybreak records but would fail before the end of thatyear, Trump threatened to sue the rm unless the an-alyst recanted or was red. The analyst refused to re-tract the statements, and was red by his rm.[164] TajMahal declared bankruptcy for the rst time in Novem-ber 1990.[165] A defamation lawsuit by the analyst againstTrump for $2 million was settled out of court.[166] Theanalysts statements regarding the Taj Mahals prospects9were later called stunningly accurate.[167]In January 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commis-sion brought a nancial-reporting case against Trump Ho-tels & Casino Resorts Inc., alleging that it had com-mitted several misleading statements in the companysthird-quarter 1999 earnings release. The matter was set-tled with the defendant neither admitting nor denying thecharge.[168]During the 2008 nancial crisis, Trump International Ho-tel and Tower in Chicago was unable to sell sucientunits. Lender Deutsche Bank refused to let Trump lowerthe prices on the units to spur sales. Arguing that thenancial crisis and resulting drop in the real estate mar-ket is due to circumstances beyond his control, Trumpinvoked a clause in the contract to not pay the loan.[169]Trump then initiated a suit asserting that his image hadbeen damaged. Both parties agreed to drop their suits,and sale of the units went on.[170]In September 2011, an appellate court upheld a NewJerseyjudgesdecisiondismissingTrumps$5billiondefamation lawsuit against author Timothy L. O'Brien,who had reported in his 2006 book, TrumpNation: TheArtofBeingTheDonald, that Trumps true net worthwas in fact between $150 and $250 million, not the bil-lions Trump had told the author and publicly stated in2005.[171] Trump complained that the authors alleged un-derestimation of his net worth was motivated by mal-iceandhadcost himbusinessdealsandreputationaldamage.[172] The appellate court, however, noted the con-sistency of O'Briens three condential sources.[173]After producing his birth certicate, Trump sued come-dian Bill Maher for $5 million in 2013 after remarksmadeonThe Tonight ShowwithJayLeno. Trumpclaimed Mahers $5 million reward, payable to a char-ity, if he proved he wasn't the son of an orangutan, was aserious oer.That wasn't a joke, Trump said.Trumpwithdrew his lawsuit after eight weeks.[174]On August 24, 2013, a lawsuit led by New York Attor-ney General Eric Schneiderman, whose claims were dis-missed by the Manhattan Superior Court, had accusedTrump of defrauding more than 5,000 people of $40million for the opportunity to learn Trumps real estateinvestment techniques in a for-prot training program,Trump University.[175][176][177] On January 30, 2014, theNew York court dismissed all of the Attorney Generalsfraud claims against Trump, allowing only the licens-ing aspect of the case to proceed.[178] In October 2014,the New York court found Trump only liable for notobtaining a license to operate the for-prot investmentschool, Trump Entrepreneur Initiative, formerly knownas Trump University.[179] In a separate class action civilsuit in mid-February 2014, a San Diego federal judge al-lowed claimants in California, Florida, and New York toproceed.[180]In August 2014, former 2012 Miss Pennsylvania SheenaMonnin ultimately settled a $5 million arbitration judg-ment against her, having been sued by Trump after al-leging that Miss USA 2012 pageant results were rigged.Monnin wrote on her Facebook page that another con-testant told her during a rehearsal she had seen a listofthetopvenalists, andwhenthosenameswerecalled in their precise order, Monnin realized the pageantelection process was suspect, compelling Monnin to re-sign her Miss Pennsylvania title. Trumps lawyer saidthat Monnins allegations had cost the pageant a lucra-tive British Petroleum sponsorship deal and threatened todiscourage women from entering Miss USA contests inthe future.[181] According to Monnin, testimony from theMiss Universe Organization and Ernst & Young revealedthat the top 15 nalists were selected by pageant direc-tors regardless of preliminary judges scores.[182] As partof the settlement, Monnin was not required to retract heroriginal statements.[181] Standing on truth has cost memuch, Monnin said.[183]In late October 2014, model Alexia Palmer led a civilsuit against Trump Model Management for promisinga $75,000 annual salary but paying only $3,380.75 forthree years work. Palmer claims to be owed more than$200,000. Palmer charged that Trump Model Manage-ment, charged, in addition to a management fee, ob-scure expenses from postage to limousine rides that con-sumed the remainder of her compensation. Trump attor-ney Alan Garten claims the lawsuit is bogus and com-pletely frivolous.[184][185]In 2015, Trump initiated a $100 million lawsuit againstPalm Beach County claiming that ocials, in a deliber-ate and malicious act, pressured the FAA to direct airtrac to the Palm Beach International Airport over hisMar-A-Lago estate.[186] The air trac is allegedly dam-aging the construction of the building and disrupting itsambience. Trump had previously sued twice over airportnoise.[186]In 2015, Trump initiated a $10 million lawsuit againstJos Andrs claiming that he backed out of a deal toopen the agship restaurant at Trump International Ho-tel Washington, D.C..[187]PulitzerPrize-winningjournalist DavidCayJohnstonas well as investigative journalist Wayne Barrett, whowrote an unauthorized 1992 Trump biography, have al-leged that Trump and his companies did business withNew York and Philadelphia families linked to the Italian-AmericanMaa.[188][189]Trumppurchasedthefuturesite of Atlantic Citys Trump Plaza for twice its mar-ket value from noted Philadelphia crime family memberSalvatore Testa, and according to the State of New JerseyCommission of Investigations 1986 report on organizedcrime, constructed the casino using two rms controlledby Nicodemo Little Nicky Scarfo, Sr.[189]AlthoughTrump was a federal target in a 1979 bribery investiga-tion, and later questioned in a 1981 racketeering probe,neither investigationresultedincriminal charges.[189]Trump omitted mention of the federal bribery investi-10 11 REFERENCESgation from his New Jersey casino license applicationandpersuadedstateocials tolimit his backgroundinvestigation.[188]In addition,Trump Tower and otherNewYork City properties were constructed with concretefrom a rm owned by Anthony Fat Tony Salerno, headof the Genovese crime family, and Big Paul Castellano,head of the Gambino crime family.[188] Trump walkedout of a BBC Panorama interview after being asked whyhe continued to do business for a year with Felix Sater,an ex-convict who identied himself a senior advisorto Donald Trump (a claim disputed by Trumps repre-sentatives), after Saters maa and Russian criminal ties,as well as a 1998 racketeering conviction, were publiclyreported.[190][191]8 Awards and honorsTrumps star on the Hollywood Walk of FameGaming Hall of Fame (class of 1995)[192]NY Ride of Fame (class of 2010)[193]Honorary Doctor of Business Administration (Hon.D.B.A.), 2010, Robert Gordon University[194]Honorary Doctor of Business (Hon. D.B.), 2012,Liberty University[195]WWE Hall of Fame (class of 2013)Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame9 BibliographyTrump has written many books, including:Trump: The Art of the Deal (1987)Trump: Surviving at the Top (1990)Trump: The Art of Survival (1991)Trump: The Art of the Comeback (1997), co-writtenwith Kate Bohner.Trump: How to Get Rich (2004)The Way to the Top: The Best Business Advice I EverReceived (2004)Trump: ThinkLikeaBillionaire: EverythingYouNeed to Know About Success, Real Estate, and Life(2004)Trump: The Best Golf Advice I Ever Received (2005)Why We Want You to be Rich: Two Men One Mes-sage (2006), co-written with Robert Kiyosaki.Think Big and Kick Ass in Business and Life (2007),co-writtenwithBill Zanker. (ISBN978-0-06-154783-6)The America We Deserve (2000) (with Dave Shiett,ISBN 1-58063-131-2)Trump: The Best Real Estate Advice I Ever Received:100 Top Experts Share Their Strategies (2007)Trump 101: The Way to Success (2007)Trump Never Give Up: How I Turned My BiggestChallenges into Success (2008)Think Like A Champion: An Informal Education inBusiness and Life (2009)MidasTouch: WhySomeEntrepreneursGetRich-And Why Most Don't (2011), co-written with RobertKiyosaki. (ISBN 1-61268-095-X)Time to Get Tough: Making America No. 1 Again.Regnery Publishing. December 5, 2011. p. 256.ISBN 978-1-59698-773-9.10 See alsoList of American restaurateursYou've Been Trumped, movie11 References[1] Hoovers coverage by Diane Ramirez (January 2, 2008).The Trump Organization information and related indus-try information from Hoovers United Kingdom (UK)".Hoovers.com. Retrieved September 25, 2011.[2] Donald Trump. Forbes. Retrieved June 20, 2015.[3] Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regula-tors. 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Retrieved August 4, 2015.[190] Sweeney, John (July 8, 2013). Donald Trump walks outover questions about his maa connections during BBCPanorama interview. The Independent. Retrieved August5, 2015.[191] Bagli, Charles V. (December 17, 2007). Real Estate Ex-ecutive With Hand in Trump Projects Rose FromTangledPast. The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2015.[192] The Gaming Hall of Fame. University of Nevada LasVegas. Retrieved August 30, 2009.[193] Donald Trump Honored In Gray Line New Yorks RideOf Fame Campaign Forbes. June 8, 2010.[194] Pauline Smith and Andrew Youngson. (September 16,2010). Donald Trump Honoured by Robert Gordon Uni-versity. Robert Gordon University.[195] Mitzi Bible(September24, 2012).DonaldTrumpad-dresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Libertysgrowth. Liberty University News Service, September .Liberty University News Service.16 13 EXTERNAL LINKS12 Further readingBlair, Gwenda (2000). TheTrumps. Simon &Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80849-8.Trump column archives at The Hungton Post13 External linksOcial campaign websiteTrump biography The Trump OrganizationDonald Trump collected news and commentary atThe Wall Street JournalDonald Trump collected news and commentary atThe GuardianAppearances on C-SPANDonald Trump at DMOZ1714 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses14.1 Text Donald Trump Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump?oldid=675934515 Contributors: Eloquence, Devotchka,Kowloonese, Danny, William Avery, AntonioMartin, Stevertigo, Frecklefoot, Edward, HollyAm, Michael Hardy, Modster, Liftarn, Gabbe,Ixfd64, Zanimum, Dori, Mprudhom, Tregoweth, Radicalsubversiv, Ronabop, Ellywa, Ahoerstemeier, Bueller 007, Darkwind, Bogdan-giusca, Vzbs34, Agtx, Redjar, Adam Bishop, Rainer Wasserfuhr~enwiki, Andrevan, CTSWyneken, Dysprosia, Jay, Fuzheado, Whisper-ToMe, Timwhit, Tpbradbury, Tschild, Furrykef, Itai, Nv8200pa, Thue, Nricardo, Raul654, Jason M, Johnleemk, Palere, RadicalBender,Calieber, 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