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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE TEEN POPULATION WITHIN KENT COUNTY By: Kaitlyn Baldwin, Kimberly Nix, Maria Kurlenda, Amanda Hubbard, Nicole Hilliard, & Samantha Pedigo

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Windshield Survey of Kent County

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Problem Statement The teen population in the community of Kent County are at risk for domestic violence, as evidenced by the rise in domestic violence crime rate statistics, related to the lack of early education about prevention of domestic violence.

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Healthy People 2020 Goal: Injury & Violence Prevention Goal: Prevent unintentional injuries and violence, and reduce their consequences. Determinants Affecting Prevalence of Violence: Individual Behaviors Physical Environment Access to Services Social Environment In the area of violence, there is a need to better understand the trends, causes, and prevention strategies related to: Bullying, dating violence, and sexual violence among youth Elder maltreatment, particularly with respect to quantifying and understanding the problem Injury & Violence Prevention. (2012). HealthPeople2020. Retrieved November 2, 2013 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=24

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Kent County Domestic Violence Statistics 4,092 victims in Kent County 1,273 victims with minor apparent injury 17 victims has apparent broken bones 733 victims were black 3,067 victims were white 2,686 victims were female 1,393 victims were male MICR (Michigan Incident Crime Reporting)

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Prosecutor's Report on Domestic Violence in Kent County Annual Report Prosecutor's Office. (2012) accessKent. Retrieved September 29, 2013 from http://www.accesskent.com/Courts/Prosecutor/pdfs/2012_Annual_Report.pdf

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Statewide Statistics 2012 Statistics 9,372 victims in the state of Michigan were aggravated assault. 88 victims lost their lives due to domestic violence. 50,772 victims were non-aggravated assault. (Domestic Violence, 2003)

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Nationwide Statistics 1 in 4 Women will experience Domestic Violence in her lifetime. There are 64,324 Victims reported in one day. Every year, 3.2 million men are the victims of an assault by an intimate partner. Every year in the United states 1,000 to 1,600 women die at the hands of their male partners. (Neil Websdale, 2003)

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Kent County Strengths & Weaknesses Strengths: Various Shelters Womens Resource Center Health Departments Kent County Domestic Violence Community Coordinated Response Team Weaknesses: Lack of Domestic Violence Education in Schools within Kent County

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Harkness, G.A., & DeMarco, R.F. (2012). Community and Public Health Nursing Practice: Evidence for Practice. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia Social Learning Model: A behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose. DIRECT RESPECT TEEN AWARENESS PROGRAM

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Our Plan to Reduce Prevalence of Domestic Violence Amongst Teens Plan: DIRECT RESPECT TEEN AWARENESS PROGRAM An Education and Awareness Domestic Violence Program for all Kent County High Schools; Grades 9-12 Area of Focus: Power and Control Wheel Education and utilizing Equality Wheel for Interventions Pre-Program Survey to assess current knowledge and awareness of different types of Domestic Violence Post-Program Survey to assess new knowledge following the program

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Our Plan to Reduce Prevalence of Domestic Violence Amongst Teens Why Domestic Violence Education for Teens in Kent County Schools? Statistics show increase in DV Principles state there is a need Few programs exist that address teen dating violence Social Determinants of Teen Population Race/Ethnicity Life Conditions Education Culture Religion Socio-economic

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Our Plan to Reduce Prevalence of Domestic Violence Amongst Teens Barriers to Our Program Parents Ability to have time in schools Cultural Society Media

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Our Plan to Reduce Prevalence of Domestic Violence Amongst Teens WHO: Teens in Kent County; Grades 9-12 WHAT: Domestic Violence in Teen Population Program to educate on types of Domestic Violence and display behaviors for healthy relationships WHY: Rising rate of Domestic Violence in Kent County; Lack of education in schools WHERE: Kent County High Schools WHEN: During Sex Education for a one hour session DIRECT RESPECT TEEN AWARENESS PROGRAM

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Primary Prevention Education: Power & Control Wheel Our plan is to utilize the Power & Control Wheel to educate and promote awareness on various types of Domestic Violence. For those that have experienced some form of Domestic Violence, the Power & Control Wheel will be used to help the victim acknowledge that he or she has or is experiencing Domestic Violence.

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Secondary Prevention Education: Equality Wheel Equality Wheel used for batterers to acknowledge how a healthy relationship should be. Equality Wheel depicts what healthy behaviors should be present to achieve healthy relationships

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Tertiary Prevention Education: Ongoing Counseling For the teens that have acknowledged the different types of abuse and have escaped the abuse, ongoing counseling through the schools, Womens Resource Center, Community Mental Health, and/or Health Department will be necessary.

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Local Resources and Likely Partnering Agencies Schools: Counselors, Teachers, Principles Parents Community Mental Health Womens Resource Center: Various Shelters Law Enforcement Health Departments Teen Centers Kent County Domestic Violence Community Coordinated Response Team Survivors Handbook for Kent County

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Evidence Base Practice Recent study in New York assessed school-level interventions focused on dating violence in middle schools. Study compared various settings of interventions compared to no interventions at all. School-level interventions were found to have a 50% reduction in dating violence. The intervention: curriculum emphasizing consequences for perpetrators, state laws and penalties, construction of gender roles, and healthy relationships. Prevention and Intervention of Teen Dating Violence. (November 14, 2012). National Institute of Justice. Retrieved October 29, 2013 from http://www.nij.gov/nij/topics/crime/intimate-partner-violence/teen- dating-violence/prevention-intervention.htm

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Evidence Base Practice Universal school-based violence prevention program created 2011. Study included follow-up to evaluate effectiveness of programs on buffering domestic violence in teen communities. Interventions: educating teens on signs of domestic violence, warning behaviors. Follow-up findings reveal increased teen awareness, decrease dating and domestic violence. Crooks, C.V. Scott, K., Ellis, W., & Wolfe, D.A. (2011). Impact of a Universal School-based Violence Prevention Program on Violence Delinquency. Violence Prevention, 35(6). retrieved November 11 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21652072

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Evidence Base Practice Domestic Violence Evidence Project created to implement interventions and prevention strategies in cases of domestic violence. In 2012, four state coalitions were funded to enhance domestic violence services for children and youth by DVEP. Studies revealed 50% of abused women had children abused by perpetrator as well. Intervention: designs, creates domestic violence programs for children to enhance prevention, awareness. Domestic Violence Evidence Project. (2012). retrieved November 12 2013, from Futures Without Violence Web Site: http://promising.futureswithoutviolence.org/advancing-the-field/documenting- our-success/domestic-violence-evidence-project/

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Evidence Base Practice 1994 Violence Against Women/Children Act established. Intervention: allow for greater attention to domestic violence by health and human service providers. Increased community and public awareness of domestic violence issues. Resulting decrease in reported domestic violence cases, increased victim protection. Macy, Rebecca J. & Ermentrout, D. (2009). Developing, Delivering, and Teaching Evidence-Based Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault Services.,. retrieved November 12 2013, from http://ssw.unc.edu/files/web/pdf/__Sexual_Assault_Consensus_Practices_final-1.pdf

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Evaluation DIRECT RESPECT TEEN AWARENESS PROGRAM: Qualitative surveys given to teen participants before and after the program. Monthly assessment of reported abuse. Quarterly committee meetings to review program success based on the surveys. Yearly statistics collection and review to assess trends of domestic violence in Kent County.

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Evaluation Desired Outcomes and Goals: Decrease in Domestic Violence Cases amongst Teens. Increased Awareness of Different Types of Abuse. Increased Available Resources. Increased Awareness of Healthy Relationship Behaviors.

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Evaluation Short Term: Evaluate Pre and Post Program Surveys to assess knowledge and awareness of types of Domestic Violence. Provide resources if Domestic Violence is experienced Teach behaviors that should be present in a healthy relationship. Long Term: Follow up with high schools annually for minimum of two years following the program to assess prevalence of Domestic Violence.

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References Annual Report Prosecutor's Office. (2012) accessKent. Retrieved from http://www.accesskent.com/Courts/Prosecutor/pdfs/2012_Annual_Re port.pdf http://www.accesskent.com/Courts/Prosecutor/pdfs/2012_Annual_Re Crooks, C.V. Scott, K., Ellis, W., & Wolfe, D.A. (2011). Impact of a Universal School-based Violence Prevention Program on Violence Delinquency. Violence Prevention, 35(6). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21652072 Domestic Violence. (2003, February). Retrieved from The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney: http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/domviol/men.htm Domestic Violence Evidence Project. (2012). Retrieved from Futures Without Violence Web Site: http://promising.futureswithoutviolence.org/advancing-the field/documenting-our-success/domestic-violence-evidence-project/http://promising.futureswithoutviolence.org/advancing-the Harkness, G.A., & DeMarco, R.F. (2012). Community and Public Health Nursing Practice: Evidence for Practice. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia

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References Injury & Violence Prevention. (2012). HealthPeople2020. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?t opicid=24 Macy, Rebecca J. & Ermentrout, D. (2009). Developing, Delivering, and Teaching Evidence-Based Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault Services. Retrieved from http://ssw.unc.edu/files/web/pdf/__Sexual_Assault_Consensus_Practices_final- 1.pdf http://ssw.unc.edu/files/web/pdf/__Sexual_Assault_Consensus_Practices Michigan Incident Crime Reporting (MICR). (2012). Retrieved from www.michigan.gov/msp/0,4643,7-123-1645_3501_4621-312263--,00.html www.michigan.gov/msp/0,4643,7-123-1645_3501_4621-312263-- Neil Websdale, P. (2003, November). Reviewing Domestic violence Deaths. Retrieved from NIJ Journal: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000250g.pdf Prevention and Intervention of Teen Dating Violence. (November 14, 2012). National Institute of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.nij.gov/nij/topics/crime/intimate-partner-violence/teen-dating violence/prevention-intervention.htm http://www.nij.gov/nij/topics/crime/intimate-partner-violence/teen-dating National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV). (2012) Domestic violence counts: a 24-hour census of domestic violence shelters and Services. Retrieved from http://nnedv.org/downloads/Census/DVCounts2012/DVCounts12_NatlSu mmary_Color.pdf http://nnedv.org/downloads/Census/DVCounts2012/DVCounts12_NatlSu