Domestic Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation · Domestic Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation....
Transcript of Domestic Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation · Domestic Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation....
A CPD Seminar by Vent-Axia
Domestic Indoor Air Qualityand Ventilation
Domestic Indoor Air Qualityand Ventilation
Agenda
• Why Ventilate?• Condensation and Indoor Air Quality• How to Reduce Humidity Levels• Building Regulations Part F• Low Carbon Energy Efficient Ventilation• Competent Persons Scheme• Building Regulations Part L – (the Relevant Parts)• Alternative Approach - PIV
Direction
• Energy is changing our industry
• 25% of total energy used in the UK is by HVAC within buildings
• Regulations drive our business and have a road map to deliver Low Carbon Homes from 2016 onwards and other buildings from 2020
Houses Lose HeatWhere does it go?
• Tighter Modern Buildings
• Higher Humidity Levels
• CONDENSATION!
Why do we need Ventilation in our Homes?
Condensation
The ‘average’ family produces approximately15 litres of moisture per day – (about 27 pints in old money)
Your daily delivery of moisture looks like this!
Moisture Generation
• Asleep - 40cc/h per person
• Active - 55cc/h per person
• Cooking - 3000cc/day
Moisture Generation
• Dishwashing - 400cc/day
• Bathing - 200cc/day per person
• Drying clothes indoors -1500cc/day per person
• Moisture generated by the previous activities will gravitate to a cold surface
• Walls, Ceiling, Floors & Soft furnishings quickly show signs of Black Mould:
• A Toxic Fungus: ‘Stachybotrys Chartarum’
What are the effects of Condensation ?
What are the effects of Condensation ?
• Rooms subjected to long periods of high humidity levels (above 70%RH) will be affected
Health Issues
Condensation is not only damaging to the fabric of the building but also it’s occupants
Asthma and other respiratory diseases are on the increase in the UK with one in three families suffering
Volatile Organic
Compounds
Odours
Symptoms
Allergy
Symptoms
Asthma
The Allergy TriggersHouse Dust Mite (HDM)
Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ‘Skin Eating Feather Mite’
• The droppings of the HDM contain the allergen DER P1
• A typical mattress can contain tens of thousands of dust mites
• Nearly 100,000 mites can live in one square yard of carpet
How can we reduce Humidity Levels?
Three elements have to be in place
• Adequate Heating– Air is like a sponge - the warmer it is the more
moisture it will hold.
• Adequate Insulation– Prevents cold surfaces for moisture to condense
• Adequate Ventilation– Removes excess moisture & provides oxygen for
the occupants to live and breathe
Approved Document F
New Structure 2010
Legalrequirements in
the Building Regulations and
Part F of Schedule 1
1st Tier
ApprovedDocument
F
2nd Tier
DomesticVentilation
Installation and Commissioning
Guide
3nd Tier
Industry, Guides, Good practice
Guides, Codes of practices and
standards
Both ADF and ADL refer to additional guides in the form of 2nd and 3rd tier documents
Compliance
Design Performance CriteriaMeans of ventilation and airflow rate based on dwelling permeability
Installation and CommissioningInstalled performance to be achieved through Competent Persons scheme
Operation and MaintenanceEnd user information to ensure effective use and maintenance
Design Performance• Dwelling Air
Permeability<5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa
Dwelling Air Permeability >5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa
There are 4 Systems in Part F They work differently and vary in energy efficiencies:
1.Background ventilators and intermittent extract fans2.Passive Stack Ventilation3.Continuous Mechanical Extract 4.Continuous Mechanical Supply and Extract with Heat Recovery (MVHR)
Part F Ventilation Systems
Impeller Designs -2 Main Types:
Axial:• Ideal for through the wall or
window applications• Should not be used with
ducting longer than 3 metres
Centrifugal:• Ideal for ducted application• Good pressure development
• Both are used in ventilation systems in Part F
Part F System 1 Intermittent Extract Fans
Intermittent Extract Fans are normally Axial Flow
What is Lo-Carbon?
• Energy efficient ventilation solutions• Lower energy consumption - up to 90% savings• Lower maintenance – 5 year motor life• Meets current and future energy targets• Meets environmental targets• Sustainable – longer service life• An affordable alternative to AC products
Lo-Carbon -100mm Axial Bathroom Fan
Applications: Panel or Wall
Models:Pull CordTimerHumidity
Sound AC: 32dBASound Lo-Carbon: 32dBA
Watts AC: 20 Watts Lo-Carbon: 5
Airflow AC: 90m³/hAirflow Lo-Carbon: 90m³/h
Specific Fan Power (SFP): 0.27
Lo-CarbonCentrifugal Bathroom Fan
Sound AC: 42dBASound Lo-Carbon: 42dBA
AC watts: 20 Lo-Carbon watts:5.3
Airflow AC: 90m³/hAirflow Lo-Carbon: 105m³/h
Specific Fan Power (SFP): 0.43
Applications: Panel or Wall
Tomorrows Solutions Today
Lo-Carbon 150 Axial Kitchen Fan
Applications: Panel or Wall
Available Summer 2009
Models:BasicTimerHumidity
Specific Fan Power (SFP): 0.15
Ventilation Energy Uses
• As well as heat loss, intermittent ventilation has other energy penalties:
– Over ventilation – Over use is often an issue (research showed Humidity sensors reduced running time by 40%)
– Motors – The motors use electricity to run
Part F System 3 MEV
Decentralised MEV(Axial Flow)
Centralised MEV(Centrifugal)
The Next Generation
• The next generation of decentralised continuous systems
Lo-CarbonContinuous Running Fans
Continuous
Motor Consumption
Intermittent
Lo-CarbonContinuous Running
• Full range of controls– Timer– Humidity/Timer– Humidity Pull-Cord
• SELV versions– Timer– Humidity/Timer– Humidity/Pull-Cord
Ancillaries
• Window kit
• Conversion plate –150mm diameter to 100mm
Motor Consumption Comparison
Hours a Day
Motorconsumptionwatts
kW/h per year
Price per kW/h
Total cost per year
Kitchen*Lo-CarbonContinuous 23 1.4 11.75 0.12 £1.41
1 2.4 0.88 0.12 £0.11
Bathroom 24 1.4 12.26 0.12 £1.47
Continuous total £2.99
KitchenIntermittentCentrifugal 2 60 43.8 0.12 £5.26
Bathroom 2 29 21.17 0.12 £2.54
Intermittent total £7.80
*Kitchen fan running for 23 hours on trickle and 1 hour boost
Lo-CarbonSingle Room Heat Recovery
• A fan which recovers up to 80% of the heat from extracted air and puts it back into the fresh incoming air.
• The unique twin impeller design consumes as little as 2.0 Watts and operates almost silently on trickle setting.
• Complies with Part F, System 1 and may also be used in conjunction with System 3, continuous mechanical extract ventilation.
• Low energy consumption means the SRHR exceeds the energy saving requirements in Part L, Conservation of Fuel and Power.
• Switching from trickle to boost by switched Live, Pull cord or Humidistat. Overrun and delay start timer.
• The extract-only Summer Setting helps keep you cool by closing off the intake from outside, reducing the amount of warm air entering the dwelling.
Centrifugal Lo-Carbon
Features
Motor Consumption
SRHR Hours a Day
Motorconsumptionwatts
kW/h per year
Price per kW/h
Total cost per year
Kitchen* Trickle 23 2.0 16.79 0.12 £2.01
Boost 1 5.1 1.86 0.12 £0.22
Bathroom SRHR 24 2.0 17.52 0.12 £2.10
Continuous Total £4.33
KitchenCentrifugal
Kitchen 2 60 43.8 0.12 £5.26
BathroomCentrifugalBathroom 2 29 21.17 0.12 £2.54
Intermittent Total £7.80
*Kitchen fan running for 23 hours on trickle and 1 hour boost
Electrical Goods –Energy Consumption Comparison
Part F Ventilation SystemsSystem 4 MVHR
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery(Centrifugal)
System 4 (MVHR Range)
MVHR units should be SAP Appendix Q Listed
Top performing MVHR SAP Q product will help with compliance
Various models to meet project requirements
Compact and light weight
Easy access filters for annual maintenance.
100% Speed Control for accurate site commissioning
User and Contractor friendly controls
Automatic Integral control options
Counter Flow Heat ExchangerThe Counterflow Heat Exchanger is the most efficient giving 90% Thermal Efficiency
How Does it Work?
If the External Ambient is Zero Degrees
If Internal Temperatureis 20 degrees
Exhaust Temperature willbe 2 degrees
Supply temperature willbe 18 degrees
OUTSIDE
INSIDE
90%+ Efficiency
Counter Flow Heat Exchanger
Noise
• Continuous Mechanical ventilation systems should be below 35dBA on trickle speed
Main Changes - 2010 Edition
• Ventilation will become a controlled service needing sign off by a “competentperson”
• 2nd tier “Domestic Ventilation Installation and Commissioning Guide” with a sign off sheet
• All ventilation systems shall be commissioned (including Intermittent Fans and Cooker Hoods)
• Commissioning checklist to be passed to Building Control
Competent Persons Scheme
• BPEC have developed a Domestic Ventilation Systems 2010 course
• Aimed at installers of all ventilation systems
• Delivered by manufacturers, colleges and independent trainers
• If systems are installed by ‘Approved Installers’ SAP scores can be enhanced
Information for the Occupier
The owner/occupier shall be given sufficient information about the ventilation system and its maintenance requirements so that the ventilation system can be operated to provide adequate air flow. This should apply to natural and mechanical systems in new dwellings
Approved Document L
Part L1 - Domestic
Comparison Chart
Low Carbon Motors AC Motors
Product - Intermittent l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s) l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s)
100mm Bathroom Axial 25 6.5 0.26 25 15 0.60100mm SELV Bathroom Axial 25 6.5 0.26 21 16 0.76Slim Profile 100mm Bathroom Axial 24 6.5 0.27 26 16 0.62Slim Profile 100mm SELV Bathroom Axial 26 7.5 0.29 26 18 0.69Shower Fan 31 6.5 0.21 30 15 0.50Shower Fan and Light 31 6.5 0.21 31 40 1.29Centrifugal Bathroom Fan VAR VAR 0.50 VAR VAR 0.92Centrifugal Bathroom SELV Fan VAR VAR 0.50 n/a n/a n/a150mm Kitchen Axial 64 11.5 0.18 n/a n/a n/aSlim Profile 150 Kitchen Axial 67 8.2 0.12 67 20 0.30
Low Carbon Motors AC Motors
Product - Continuous l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s) l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s)
Continuous Axial VAR VAR 0.18 n/a n/a n/aContinuous Axial SELV VAR VAR 0.18 n/a n/a n/aContinuous Centrifugal VAR VAR 0.38 n/a n/a n/aContinuous Centrifugal SELV VAR VAR 0.38 n/a n/a n/a
Part L and Solar Gain
Criterion 3 –Limiting the Effects of Solar Gain
• 4.25 – If ventilation is provided using a balanced system, consideration should be given to providing a summer bypass function during warm weather so that the ventilation is more effective in reducing overheating.
Part L1 SummaryImportant Features of Part L
• TER 25% improvement over 2006
• SAP Q is retained
• Minimum Specific Fan Power across ventilation systems
• MVHR efficiency no less that 70%
Alternative ApproachPositive Input Ventilation
Positive Input Ventilation(PIV)
• Selectable air capacities to suit house volumes up to 400m³
• Lo Carbon Motor for very low running costs
• Ultra low sound level• EU4 Filter• Loft unit to be hung from rafters
or supported on AV mounts• Integral heater option • Integral time elapse meter• 5 year warranty
Positive Input Ventilation(PIV)
Positive Pressure –Loft Mounted
Positive Pressure –Flat Mounted
Positive Pressure –Flat Mounted
• Selectable air capacities to suit house volumes up to 100m³
• Lo Carbon Motor for very low running costs
• Ultra low sound level• EU4 Filter• 6 speed capability; two speeds
selected on installation.• Integral heater option • Round to rectangular duct
connection included• 5 year warranty
The Future of Ventilation
• Lo-Carbon Technology is becoming standard• AC products are being phased out• Continuous Ventilation with or without Heat
Recovery in the Kitchen and Bathroom is becoming the system of choice
• Whole House Heat Recovery:The most efficient form of ventilation available for social housing on both refurbishment and new build
Thank you for your Attention