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![Page 1: Doing the Research Gathering Evidence for a PPA Project Kathryn Frech Seton Catholic Central H.S. kfrech@syrdiocese.org.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e005503460f94ae900f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Doing the Research Gathering Evidence for a PPA Project
Kathryn FrechSeton Catholic Central H.S.
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Problem – Evidence – Causes Policy – Alternatives - Solution
Review – The PPA Steps
The PPA Steps http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/ plegal/ tips/ppaqe.html
Evidence Causes
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PPA Step 2
Gather the Evidence
Worksheet 2 http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/TIPS/worksheet2.doc
“Present evidence that a problem exists.
Be as specific as possible and cite at least
one source of data”
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PPA Step 3
Identify the Causes
Worksheet 3 http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/TIPS/worksheet3.doc
“Briefly list several underlying factors that contribute to the problem that you have identified (support these factors with evidence)“
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Evidence Gathering
Find Your Sources Locate books, articles, etc.
Evaluate the Information Is it something you can use?
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Finding Sources Books
(library circulating and reference books)
Periodicals (magazines, newspapers, journals)
Online(personal webpages, corporate sites, news
organizations, nonprofit groups …)
Other(tv shows, movies, letters, interviews …)
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Finding Sources – The Search Process
Key words/ideas to look for – what terms define your project?
Range of information general/background (encyclopedia,
news segment, overview article) specific (books, in-depth articles,
company/government reports …)
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Finding Sources – Search Techniques
Knowing where to look Choose the Best Search for Your Information Nee
d(http://www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/ information/5locate/adviceengine.html)
Search tricks and tips Boolean terms (AND/OR/NOT) Phrase search (“find in quotes”) Advanced Search (example: Google Adv. Search:
http://www.google.com/advanced_search)
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Web Search Strategies in Plain English from The Common Craft Show (http://www.commoncraft.com/)
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Finding Sources – Search Engines
The Big 3 Bing – Google – Yahoo
Clustering Search Engines Carrot2 – Kosmix – Yippy
Picture/Video Search Engines Behold – Blinkx – Google
[image source: http://www.openclipart.org/detail/24012]
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Finding Sources – Search Engines and
More
Specialized or Reference Search Infomine – Refseek – SweetSearch
Databases free (in NY) : NOVEL NY – New York Public Library school subscription: FirstSearch – Newsbank
Subject-Specific Websites NASA – National Archives – USA.gov
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Evaluating Information
Look for Authority
Objectivity
Reliability
Pertinence
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Evaluating Information – Authority
WHO wrote it? Organization? Expertise? Associations?
Examples (discuss ) : 3rd grade class? Museum? Business? Newspaper? College Professor? Government Agency? Lone Hobbyist?
[image source: http://freegraphicsart.com/1094-feather-pen]
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Evaluating Information – Objectivility
Point of View Biased or Objective?
Biased POV Selling product or viewpoint?
Objective POV Dispassionate? Looks at all sides? Offers sources for further research?
[image source: http://www.pdclipart.org/displayimage.php?pid=17519&fullsize=1]
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Evaluating Information – Reliability
Data What does the information say?
Source What is it based on (study, experiment,
survey, compilation)?
References/Citations Where is it from? Did the authors do their
own work or are they using data from somewhere else? If so, what source?
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Evaluating Information – Pertinence
The Best Information Is Useless to Your Project if it Doesn’t Actually Apply to Your Problem (Policy Issue)
REM:Where Do the Puzzle Pieces Fit?Don’t Try to Put Steak in Fish Stew.
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NOTE-TAKING REVIEW
Each source - bibliography worksheet.
Each idea - separate note/section.
Each idea - summarize in own words.
Each printout, document file, cut-and-paste - highlight and write summaries/notes.
Each note - source info. Have exact page/url as well as book or main website.
Overviews and complex ideas – outline and notes.
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Online Notes
Bookmark/Webclips online (sites) Delicious, Diigo, Historio.us
Bookmark/Webclip programs Evernote, QuotePad, Zotero
General online notes Google Docs, Thinkfree, Ubernote
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Citation Elements
WHO ? WHAT ?
WHERE ? WHEN ?
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Works Cited
book: Author. Title. Place: Publisher, Date.
offline article: Author. “Article Title.” Magazine Date, pages.
online article: as above, plus Online Site. Online Publisher. Date Accessed
<url>.
website: Author, “Article title.” Website. Site editor. Version number(s). Date Published or Updated. Publisher. Date accessed. Location or <url>.
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Writing Your Citations
Proper Format (MLA Style)
Research Paper Handbook Available in Library Available on school network in drive S: Shared Files
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Putting It Together Now that you have the information, go
back to Steps 2 and 3 of the PPA.
Look at your worksheets -- Do you have ENOUGH information? No or Not Sure: Find some more data. Be
sure to check as you go along to see how it all fits together.
Yes: Great! Now go put it together! You’ll see as you go along if you need to fill in anywhere.
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Continuing On You’ve found and evaluated sources of for
your Public Policy Analysis.
You taken notes from your sources and made sure to have the proper information for your citations and bibliography.
Having completed Steps 2 and 3(*), you are ready to go on to Step 4 of the PPA. Keeping the information you’ve already found in mind, fill in some tentative answers (or questions!) to bring to class the next time we meet.
*check your assignment sheet for deadlines
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Happy Researching!