Does City Does City Planning need a Planning need a bigger picture?bigger picture?

Land Use Policy in Land Use Policy in Global EconomiesGlobal Economies

Jim Riddell, Ph.D.

1. Earth resources are finite1. Earth resources are finite2. Everything is linked to 2. Everything is linked to

everything elseeverything else

Land Land WaterWater MineralsMinerals Air qualityAir quality Atmospheric changeAtmospheric change Bio diversityBio diversity And everything elseAnd everything else

Urban centers depend on the Urban centers depend on the rural sector for necessities rural sector for necessities

AirAir FoodFood WaterWater Raw materialsRaw materials

DemographyDemographyUrbanizationUrbanization

•There more people living in cities today than the entire world’s population at the end of WWII

Who wants to be a farmer?Who wants to be a farmer?

• Rural areas are no longer the engine Rural areas are no longer the engine of economic growth for a nation – it of economic growth for a nation – it is now the cityis now the city

Age and gender trends in cities and Age and gender trends in cities and in agriculturein agriculture

People are voting with their feetPeople are voting with their feet

AirAir

7th International Conference on 7th International Conference on Air Air Quality – Science and Application Quality – Science and Application 24-27 March 2009, Istanbul, Turkey 24-27 March 2009, Istanbul, Turkey

Urban trees, not the same rural treesUrban trees, not the same rural trees pollutants : CO, SO2, NO2, O3, Pb, pollutants : CO, SO2, NO2, O3, Pb,

PM10, heavy metals PM10, heavy metals

Globalizing foodGlobalizing food

Taken from Haggblade, et al, IFPRI

Global food trade

Global food production

versus

Picture source: Freelancer.com

Water allocationWater allocationWater Use

1

2

3

Domestic

Industry

Agriculture

Raw MaterialsRaw Materials

Source: Greenpeace Photo collection

Source: Travel Pod

How to control so many How to control so many variablesvariables

Three Gorges Dam

Unintended Unintended ConsequencesConsequences

– UnavoidableUnavoidable Most advanced Most advanced

computers and computers and software are software are devoted to devoted to weather weather forecastingforecasting

Do you still look Do you still look out the window?out the window?

Government is not the Government is not the same thing as “governance”same thing as “governance”

GovernmentGovernment is the organization of is the organization of authority and public policyauthority and public policy

GovernanceGovernance is about how to is about how to implement policyimplement policy– How to get things doneHow to get things done

Administrative Capital Administrative Capital Savings?Savings?

More demands by More demands by public for greater public for greater intervention in intervention in natural resource and natural resource and land managementland management

Rapid rise in Rapid rise in governance costsgovernance costs

FinancialFinancial PhysicalPhysical HumanHuman Social/culturalSocial/cultural

US Government Expenditures

Source: Wolfram Alpha

New approachesNew approaches There might be a way forward There might be a way forward

Inclusive economiesInclusive economies– The more users, the more valuableThe more users, the more valuable– In addition to, not a replacement In addition to, not a replacement

Inclusive technologies: Inclusive technologies: – Value is in the informationValue is in the information– The more complete, the more valuable The more complete, the more valuable

Inclusive modelsInclusive models

Inclusive ModelInclusive Model– Internet: more Internet: more

users the more users the more valuablevaluable

InformationInformation MapsMaps GoodsGoods ServicesServices

– Cell phoneCell phone– Credit cardsCredit cards– Smart cardsSmart cards

Exclusive modelExclusive model– Value from Value from

exclusive ownershipexclusive ownership InformationInformation Maps (limited no.)Maps (limited no.) StoresStores CompaniesCompanies

– Owner of the linesOwner of the lines– Checks, drafts, etcChecks, drafts, etc– Independent Independent

operatorsoperators

Inclusive governance Inclusive governance strategiesstrategies

Not because it is “good” but Not because it is “good” but because it is necessarybecause it is necessary

Inclusive Governance ModelsInclusive Governance Models

Inclusive technologies make it Inclusive technologies make it possiblepossible– GPSGPS– GISGIS– Cell PhonesCell Phones– InternetInternet– Information->analysis->discussion Information->analysis->discussion

->implementation->implementation

Urban governance cannot be Urban governance cannot be separated from rural governanceseparated from rural governance

Complementary Complementary

Complementary Complementary investments to investments to increase rural increase rural capacity to meet capacity to meet new urban new urban demandsdemands