'Documents.tips 5 Categorization of Fabric Defects as Major Minor.pptx'
Transcript of 'Documents.tips 5 Categorization of Fabric Defects as Major Minor.pptx'
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Categorization of fabricCategorization of fabric
defects as major, minor anddefects as major, minor and
critical defectscritical defects
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CriticalCritical
DefectsDefectsA critical defect resultsin hazardous or unsafeconditions for individualsusing , maintaining, or
depending on theproduct or preventsperformance of atactical function of amajor end use item.
These defects are notcommon with textileproducts but they mayoccur with someoccupational apparel
क कटल पड दष
• ए क कटल पड दष व ह ज पड इसतमल त ह ए खतन य अ कत कसकतय
पद द त ह य क !अपकत य" न त ह• य दष पड य वसत म# $ह त
म द खन कमलत ह
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ajor defectajor defect
ajor defects are thosethat adversely a!ecteither the appearance ofthe product or itsfunction and
performance.
ajor Defect " A defectthat, if conspicuous onthe #nished product,
would cause the item tobe a second. $A %second%is a garment with aconspicuous defect thata!ects the saleability orserviceability of the
item.
म % पड दष
• म ज दष व ह ज !&पद 'प य !( य"मत प द)"न प कत * ल 'प प +कवत त ह,-
• म ज दष वह ह ज ए !&पद इ त( प +कवत त ह ( व . / ( ) 0( म# 1 जत ह
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inor Defectsinor Defects
A defect that wouldnot cause the productto be termed a second
either because ofseverity or location.&hen inspecting piece
goods prior to cutting,it is necessary to rate
'uestionable defectsas major, since theinspector will not (nowwhere the defect mayoccur on the item.
मइन पड दष
• ए मइन पड दष वह ह ज क( +( पड इतन प +कवत नह( . त ( व # / म# क2न जय
• अ2 कट.2 द3न 4 दष म ज ल2 त ! वह( म" द न 5कहय तक इ य पत 5ल क
वह ह 1य ह
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Woven Fabric DefectsWoven Fabric Defects
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Fabric Type Defect Name Categorization
&oven )abric *ro(en #laments
&oven )abric Colored )lec(s
&oven )abric +lub
&oven )abric +lubby weft
&oven )abric Double end
&oven )abric issing ends
ajor or inor
inor
inor
inor
inor
ajor
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Fabric Type Defect Name Categorization
&oven )abric eed mar(s
&oven )abric-ashing"in
&oven )abric *ro(en pattern
&oven )abric &eft bar
&oven )abric out
&oven )abric *ro(en ends woven in a bunch
inor
inor
ajor
ajor
inor
inor
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Fabric Type Defect Name Categorization
&oven )abric /ily &eft
&oven )abric+narls
&oven )abric0ole, Cut or Tear
&oven )abric +tains
&oven )abric /ily &arp
ajor or inor
inor
ajor
ajor or inor
ajor or inor
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1nitted )abric Defects1nitted )abric Defects
CategorizationCategorization
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Fabric Type Defect Name Categorization
1nitted )abric *arriness
1nitted )abric 2ariation in 3arn Count
1nitted )abric Cotton Contamination
1nitted )abric 2ertical stripes
1nitted )abric 0orizontal stripes
ajor
ajor
inor
ajor
ajor
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Fabric Type Defect Name Categorization
1nitted )abric 0oles
1nitted )abric Dropped stitches
1nitted )abric )abric +pirality
1nitted )abric +tretch mar(s on fabric surface
1nitted )abric Curling at 4dges on Cutting
ajor
ajor
ajor or inor
ajor
ajor
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5rocessing Defect5rocessing DefectCategorizationCategorization
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Defect Name Categorization
*leaching +pot
6neven dyeing75atchy dyeing
Dye bar
isprint7+tencil mar( 7/verlapping
6neven printing or tinting
&ater mar(
Dye stu! stain
inor
ajor
ajor
inor or ajor
ajor
inor
ajor
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Defect Name Categorization
/il +tains
&hite spot
+hading or listing
*owing
5illing
ajor or inor
inor
ajor
ajor
ajor or inor
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Defect Name Categorization
+tain near etallic zipper7 button
5oor Dimensional +tability
5oor Colorfastness to &ashing
5oor Colorfastness to ubbing
5oor Colorfastness to -ight
-ycra 3arn *rea(age
ajor
ajor
ajor
ajor
ajor
ajor
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This was a healthy discussion This was a healthy discussion
towards categorization of fabrictowards categorization of fabricdefectsdefects
Although it also depend on buyer todecide as customer is the KING
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Defects Due to YarnDefects Due to Yarn
Broken laments - 8t occurs when theindividual #laments constituting the mainyarn are bro(en. This defect can not be
mended.
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Coloure Flecks 9 5resence ofcoloured foreign matter in the yarn.8t can be mended.
Defects Due to Yarn
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Defects Due to YarnDefects Due to Yarn
!nots 9 8t occurs when bro(enthreads are pieced together by
improper (notting. This can be
mended by cutting.inor
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"lub # A slub is a bunch of #breshaving less twist or no twist and hasa wider diameter compared to normalspun yarn. 8t can be mended.
Defects Due to Yarn
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Defects Due to YarnDefects Due to Yarn
"lubby $eft - A slubby weft is theoccurrence of slubs at fre'uent
intervals in the weft yarn.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
Double en 9 &hen two or more endsunintentionally get woven as one. Thisdefect is characterized by a thic( bar
running parallel to the warp. 8t can bemended.
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%issing ens 9 This fabric ischaracterized by a gap parallel to thewarp. The number of ends missing may be
one or more. 8t can not be mended.
Due to Weaving#
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Defects Due to Weaving#Defects Due to Weaving#
Broken ens $oven in a bunc& 9 Thisdefect is caused by a bunch of bro(enends woven in the fabric. 8t can be
mended.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
'ee marks 9 A pronounced warpway crac( caused by a damaged ordefective reed. 8t can be mended.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
(as&ing-in 9 An extra piece of yarnwoven into the fabric near the selvedge. 8tcan be mended.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
Broken pattern 9 A bro(enpattern is the non"continuity of a
weave7design7pattern. 8t can not
be mended.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
Weft bar " An unwanted bar,running across the full width of a piecewhich di!ers in appearance from the
adjacent normal fabric. This defect cannot be mended.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
Weft crack or %issing )ick " Anarrow strea( running parallel withweft threads caused due to absence
of weft. 8t can be mended.
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*out 9 out is a foreign matterusually lint or waste accidentally
woven into the fabric. 8t can be
mended easily.
Due to Weaving#
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
"tains# These are defects of oil, rust,grease or other stains found in thefabric. +tains can be removed with
stain remover.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
+ily Warp9 These are oily orsoiled warp
+ily Weft 9 +trea(s of dirty and
oily weft appearing across thewidth of the cloth, can be full orpartial.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
"narls 9 A short length of yarn, mainlythe weft, which has spontaneouslydoubled bac( on itself results in snarls.
8f low in number it can be mended.
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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#
,ole Cut or Tear
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Barriness9 An unintentional, repetitive visualpattern of continuous bars and strips usuallyparallel to the course"wise direction of circular(nit fabric.
!nitte fabric efects
inor
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!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
.ariation in Yarn Count # 6se of yarnwith
signi#cantly di!erent yarn count or havinghigher
imperfections leading to variation in dyeupta(e
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Cotton Contamination# Dar(+tains undetectable on grey cottonfabric and appearing after dyeing
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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.ertical stripes9 A defect thatoccurs due to
defective needles or sin(ers
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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,oles# 0appens due to brea(age ofyarn during loop formation.
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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Droppe stitc&es# this defect iscaused when the yarn in occasionallyunhoo(ed by the needle.
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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Fabric "pirality# Distortion of(nitted fabric.
&ales are not perpendicular to the
courses:instead follow a spiral path round the
axis of
(nitted fabric tube
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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"tretc& marks on fabric surface9Due to
-ycra Damage
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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Curling at /ges on Cutting9 Turningof
(nitted fabric on cutting. 0appens due to
lowtightness factor of the fabric or high yarntwist.
!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects
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Bleac&ing "potBleac&ing "pot
The fabric is characterized by a yellow tint in the
bleached cloth. 8n bleached goods such a
di!erence will not be acceptable.
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0neven yeing1)atc&y yeing0neven yeing1)atc&y yeing
The fabric is characterized by an area of light orheavy dyeing along and across the width of thefabric. 8t also includes shade variation and heavy orlight dyeing on selvedges.
0appens mainly due to water hardness, presence ofcalcium, magnesium, chlorine or heavy metals in thedye bath: defective padding
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Dye barDye bar
A bar in the weft direction due to adi!erence in the
yarn count or #bre content or defectivepadding
roller
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%isprint1"tencil mark 1+verlapping%isprint1"tencil mark 1+verlapping
*loc(age inscreen
)old in the fabric8mproper
handling of
screen7stencil
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0neven printing or tinting0neven printing or tinting
8n a printed fabric the design atone place is bold as re'uired,
while at other place the same is
hazy, light and unclear.
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An unwanted ripplee!ect7light mar( producedon the fabric is (nown as awater mar(.
Due to falling drops ofcondensate during
stentering or dyeing in
jigger
Water %ark
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Dye stu2 stainDye stu2 stain
An unwanted coloured mar( on a fabric'uali#es as a dye stu! stain.
ainly happens due to poor pre"treatment,insu;cient -, residual contaminants in
the substrate < water, poor materialhandling ,dye paste is not #ltered, improperrinsing7washing o! after dyeing
ajor
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+il "tains+il "tains
=8mproper oiling of machine
=5oor material handling
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W&ite spotW&ite spot
The fabric is characterized by a whitespot on an otherwise well dyed fabric.
0appens due to incompatibility of
mixture of dyes, or colours are notproperly dissolved
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Bo$ingBo$ing
*owing is a condition of a fabricwherein the warp and the weft
yarns do not (eep at right angles
to each other.
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)illing)illing
The entangling of #bres during washing,drycleaning
or while being worn which form balls or pills
andstand on the surface of the fabric.
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)oor Dimensional "tability)oor Dimensional "tability
8mproper heat setting inpolyester fabric
+anforising7zero"zero process is
not used4xcessive stretching during
stentering < other processing
) C l f t t) C l f t t
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)oor Colorfastness to)oor Colorfastness to
Was&ingWas&ing
8nade'uate rinsing of the fabric beforeoxidation $2at < +ulphur dyeing>
5remature or over"oxidation of the dye
5oor washing"o! after treatment
) C l f t t) C l f t t
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)oor Colorfastness to)oor Colorfastness to
'ubbing'ubbing
Dyes used of poor rubbingfastness
8mproper use of #nishing agents
8ncomplete washing"o! 6n"mercerized cotton
) C l f t t) C l f t t
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)oor Colourfastness to)oor Colourfastness to
(ig&t(ig&t
6sing dye of poor colourfastness to light
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(ycra Yarn Breakage(ycra Yarn Breakage
Due to improper wet processingi.e excessive treatment during
wet processing