Documentation, validation and contemporary relevance of itk
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DOCUMENTATION, VALIDATION AND
CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF ITK IN
AGRICULTURE AND HOMESTEAD AREAS
IN KUMAON HILL REGION OF
UTTARAKHNAD STATE
PRESENTERTARA NEGI
RESEARCH SCHOLAR
MAJOR ADVISORPROFESSOR
DHRITI SLOANKI
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• It is a well known fact that India has a charitable and glorious heritage of past both in richness and variety in performing agricultural and allied practices.
• Modern practices which are being used in today’s world are acting like a slow poison and have created havoc on both man and his surrounding.
• To lessen the burden on both human and environment, there is a need to find ways for sustainable development which are environmentally sound, low cost, easily acceptable and which make the mother earth a better place to live in.
Introduction
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• Indigenous knowledge is a part of the lives of the rural poor and their livelihood depends almost entirely on specific skills and knowledge essential for their survival.
• The indigenous practices are farmer friendly, socially accepted, economically feasible, environmentally sound and suited to the specific local and environmental conditions.
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• Kumaon people have store house of rich indigenous knowledge regarding agricultural and homestead practices.
• In the field of Indigenous knowledge regarding agriculture and homestead areas little work has been done in documentation and validation part as the agriculture is the main occupation and source of livelihood of Himalayan people.
JUSTIFICATION
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• Instead the entrance of green revolution the Himalayan people still practicing their traditional local wisdom, so it is important to explore all the practices.
• In Postharvest practices the losses (20-30%) are more due to human and climatic conditions, in order to minimise these losses it is important to aware the people about improved indigenous postharvest practices among other farming community.
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• Families are mainly using the Indigenous practices with regard to storage of cereals and pulses, so it is important to identify and to validate these practices which have a great significance.
• There is no proper and adequate facilities of treatment of common health problems.
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• The old practices known to elder ladies have a strong hold in the area and are still practiced by community. Documentation would help to preserve the age-old practices.
• Kumaon is famous for impressive festivals, traditions, culture and delicious mouthwatering nutritious dishes, so it is important to document and validate the traditional food practices.
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• Indigenous agriculture practices can be used in other part of the country having similar agro-climatic and micro- farming conditions.
• Homestead practices of post harvest and treatment of human ailments can have wider implications in other states of country.
• Indigenous practices which have contemporary relevance need to be modify and need to be blended with modern technologies for wider acceptability.
IMPLICATIONS
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• The study was delimited to the only three major crops i.e. Paddy (Dhaan), Finger millet (Mandua) and Horse gram (Gahat)
• The study was delimited to the farm couples above 45years and involved in agriculture.
• Postpartum practices of mother after delivery to six months is taken
• Child care practices from brth to two year is taken
DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
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LOCALE
UTTARAKHAND STATE
KUMAON REGION
METHODOLOGY
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SELECTION OF DISTRICTS
Fig 1: Study map of Uttarakhand state(1), Bageshwar district(2), Nainital district(3) and Almora district(4)
1 2
3 4
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SELECTION OF PANCHAYAT SAMITIES
Almora Bageshwar Nainital
11 PS11 PS 3 PS3 PS 8 PS8 PS
Total 6 PANCHAYAT SAMITIESTotal 6 PANCHAYAT SAMITIES
1 PS 1PS 1 PS 1 PS 1 PS 1 PS
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80
UTTARAKHAND
ALMORA BAGESHWAR NAINITAL
Takula Bhimtal OkhalakhandDddd
Garur Kapkot Tarikhet
Basoli(40)
Manan(40) Channi(40)
Pandekhola(40))
Gankhet(40)
Tilsari(40)
Kanda(40)
Danpur(40) Ratighat(40)
Garampani(40)
Jyolikot(40)
Mahragaon(40)
80 80 80 80 80
480 FFFFAR
40= Farm Couples480= Total Respondents
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SELECTION OF ITK AREAS
Agriculture : Included major crops i.e. Paddy , Finger millet and Whole horse gram
Homestead :1. Post harvest practices in selected cereals, pulses and millets2. Health care practices3. Postpartum practices related to mother just after delivery
upto six months4. Child care practices just after delivery upto two years of
age5. Indigenous ethnic food of Kumaon region
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CONSTRUCTION OF TOOL
GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION I
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SECTION IIDocumentation of indigenous practices related to Paddy (Oryza sativa), Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) in components Weather forecasting, water storage system, preparation of land, preparation of seed bed and care of the seedlings, ploughing, tillage, sowing, transplantation, manure application, intercropping, irrigation, controlling crop from birds and animals, insect pest management and harvesting practices.
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SECTION III
a. Post harvest practices: It include information pertaining to operations like threshing, winnowing, cleaning, drying or dehydration, storage, extraction and milling related to cereals (Paddy and wheat), millets (Finger millet, Foxtail millet and Barnyard millet) and pulses (Blacksoyabean, Horsegram and Lentil).
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• Respiratory diseases
• Gastrointestinal diseases• Gastroenteritis
• Liver disease
• Skin related disease• Nervous system related • Different body pain
• Gynaecology problems
• Urinary tract infections• measles, sunstroke, fracture
• Renal calculi• Cancer
b. Indigenous Health care practices includes:
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• Indigenous Postpartum Practices
(Delivery to six months): It includes
- effective delivery practices,
- removal of placenta,
- first diet given to women,
- indigenous food preferences,
- food avoided after delivery,
- bathing, rest and relaxation,
- breast feeding and massage practices.
• Child care practices
(Birth to 2 years of age)-
It includes:
- Practices related to child birth,
- care of new born,
- breast feeding,
- weaning practices.
- health care practices.
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SECTION IV
SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF INDIGENOUS PRACTICES
A separate tool was constructed after recording the farm families responses
Activities Indigenous practices followed by farm families
Reason Expert opinion
S* US** UN*** CR****
S*= ScientificUS**= UnscientificUN***=Uncertain CR***=Contemporary relevance
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PRETESTING OF TOOL
REALIABILITY OF THE TOOLREALIABILITY OF THE TOOL
VALIDITY OF THE TOOLVALIDITY OF THE TOOL
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PRETESTING OF TOOL
REALIABILITY OF THE TOOLREALIABILITY OF THE TOOL
VALIDITY OF THE TOOLVALIDITY OF THE TOOL
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DATA COLLECTIONFollowing methods were used for data collection:-•Field Survey•Personal interview techniques•Focused group discussion•Transect walk
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II SCIENTIFIC VAIDATION
By panel of experts Experimentation
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a. By panel of experts
The collected indigenous practices given to total 30
experts for its validation
Vivekananda Krishi Anusandhan Kendra(ICAR
regional centre) Almora
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and
Technology,Pantnagar
Maharan Pratap University of Agriculture and
Technology, Udaipur
Scientists from CIMAP, Garur,
Bageshwar(Uttarakhand)
Doctors from Ayurveda college i.e. Patanjali Haridwar
and Ayurveda college Dehradun
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b. Experimentation of Indigenous practices
•Weed control practice by sprinkling the salt water
solution in paddy plant at growth stage
•Sprinkling the paste of Fenugreek seed and cow’s
urine at 10 days interval at growth stage of paddy
plant for insect pest control
• Storage practices in wheat grain by keeping wall nut
leaves
• Consumption of Silfer(Brayophylum) and Gahat
soop(Wholehorse gram) in Kidney stone
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