DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 269 297 SO 017 066

TITLE National Endowment for the Arts: 1965-1985. A BriefChronology of Federal Involvement in the Arts.

INSTITUTION National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, D.C.PUB DATE Sep 85NOTE 57p.; Document printed in colored ink or colored

paper.PUB Tr,- Historical Materials (060) Reference Materials

General (130)

EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.DESCPIPTORS *Art Activities; *Art Appreciation; Federal

Government; Fine Arts; *Government Role; SocialHistory; Theater Arts; United States History; VisualArts*National Endowment for the Humanities

ABSTRACTA detailed history of United States government

involvement with the arts from 1780 to 1985 is provided inchronological form. Entries range from notes documenting John Adams'and Thomas Jefferson's cc'mitnent to the arts to notes on annualbudgets and allocations. Separate sections contain lists of theoriginal members of tire National Council on the Arts; thePresidential Task Force on the Arts and Humanities; the President'sCommittee on the Arts and Humanities; Recipients of the PresidentialAwards for Service to the Arts; the National Endowment for the Arts20th Anniversary Committee; NatioLal Medal of Arts Awardees; andcurrent and former members of the National Council on the Arts.(LP)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made ** from the original document.***********************************************************************

*

,/The National Endowment For the'.Arts is an independent federalagency created in 1965 to eneourage and support American art andartists. its mission is to encourageartistic eicellence aid access to,find appreciation of, it. It fulfills its

. mission by awarding grants andthrough its leadership and advo-cacy activities. It makes grants bothdirectly to artists and arts institu-tions and indirectly through the en-couragement and support of its

'public partners, the state and lOcalarts agencies. On September 29,19V,the Endowment celebratedits 20th Annhiersary.

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.Additional copies of this booklet4f way be obtained'by writing:

Office of Public InformationNational Endowment fot,the ArtsNancy Hanks Cent1100 Pennyiyaniarenue, N.W.

Washingto,n, D.C. 20506 '

September 1985

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NATIONAL ENDOWMENTFOR THE ARTS

1965-1985A Brief Chronologyof Federal Involvementin the Arts

"The Arts and Science4 essen-tial to the prosperity of tbe Stateand to the ornament and hap-piness of human life, have aprimary claim to tbe encour-agement of every lover of hisCountry and mankind

George Washington1781

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TFOREWORD

he Endowment's 20th Anniversaryon September 29, 1985, is not lust abirthday celebration of a federalagency. It is a salute to the arts, allthe arts in this nation. This chro-nology was compiled to show howour government first began to sup-port the arts, how the National En-dowment for the Arts came intobeing, and how this agency hasgrown up. It is not meant to be thedefinitive history of federal artssupport.

The arts in America today are agreat source of pride In communi-ties of all types and sizes, theyhave become a vital and widelyshared aspect of our national lifeOur writers are read, our filmsseen, our music heard, all over theworld. Our painters, sculptors,choreographers, playwrights andcomposers are often internationaltrendsetters in their disciplines andin interdisciplinary work. Our fore-most symphony orchestras, theatergroups, dance companies and op-era companies receive critical ac-claim both here and abroad

In the two decades since the En-dowment was established in 1965,the growth in the arts has beendramatic organizations eligible forsupport have grown from 58 to 192orchestras, 2- to 102 opera compa-nies, 22 to 389 theaters, and 37 to213 dance companies, the list goeson and on In the next two de-cades the Endowment will con-tinue to be a catalyst, providingboth an impetus and a rallyingpoint fo- the arts.

The American system of arts sup-port rests primarily on private andlocal initiative. The Endowment'sauthorizing legislation specifically

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recognizes this. It is encouragingthat private support for the arts andhumanities (not including educa-tional institutions) has risen since1967 from $223 million to $4 6 bil-lion in 1984. The period 1981-84by itself experienced a more than50 percent rise.

Over the past 20 years, the Arts En-duwment's budget has grown from$2 5 million to 1163 7 million, andthe state arts agencies' budgetshave grown from 12.1 million to$164 million, local public agenciesreceive over 1300 million.

On the occasion of the award ofthe first National Medals of Arts,President Reagan said

"In recognizing those who createand those who make creation pos-sible, we celebrate freedom Noone realizes the importance offreedom more than the artist, foronly in the atmosphere of freedomcan the arts flourish.... In an at-mosphere of liberty, artists and pa-trons are free to think the unthink-able and create the audacious, theyare free to make both horrendousmistakes and glorious celebrations

In societies that are not free, artdies In the totalitarian societies ofthe world, all art is officially ap-proved. It's the expression not ofthe soul, but of the state

There is much to be proud of inthe history of arts support in Amer-ica. It is our hope that the Endow-ment, in partnership with othersources of support, both publicand private, will continue to nur-ture the environment within whichthe arts in this country can con-tinue to flourish.

Frank Hodsoll, ChairmanNational Endowment for the Arts

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CHRONOLOGY

1780 John Adams, in a letter to hiswife, writes: "I must study politicsand war, that my sons may haveliberty to study mathematics andphilosophy, geography, naturalhistory and naval architecture,navigation, commerce, and agri-culture, in order to give their chil-dren a right to study painting, po-etry, music, architecture .

1785 Thomas Jefferson writes to JamesMadison. "You see I am an enthu-siast on the subject of the arts

1790 Establishment of the UnitedStates Marine Band marks the firstfederal support of a permanent

. musical ensemble.

1800 The Library of Congress is established by Act of Congress to pro-vide "such books as may be nec-essary for the use of CongressArt and music included in theearly col' ction.

1817 The 14th Congress commissionsJohn Trumbull to paint four Revo-lutionary War scenes to hang inthe Capitol Rotunda, the first U Sfederal support of the visual arts

1826 John Trumbull, President of theAmerican Academy of Fine Arts,proposes to President JohnQuincy Adams a "Plan for thePermanent Encouragement of theFine Arts by the NationalGovernment."

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1846 Following protracted delibera-tion, the Congress accepts the be-quest of the late James Smithson,and the Smithsonian Institution iscreated by an Act of CongressOne provision calls for maintain-ing exhibits representative of thearts.

1859 President James Buchanan ap-pcints a National Arts Commis-sion to promote the arts. Ineffec-tive because of a lack ofCongressional appropriations, itdisbands in 1861

1879 Representative Samuel S Cox (D-N.Y.) introduces a Joint Resolu-tion in Congress to establish "acourcil on art matters." No acti,ntaken.

1891 President Benjamin Harrisonsigns legislation establishing theNational Conservatory of Music inNew Ybik City. The Conservatoryopens in 1892 with Antonin Dvo-rak as its first artistic director.

1897 Congressional proposal intro-duced for a National Office of theArts No act,on taken.

1899 Utah Arts Institute established,the first state-created arts councilin the nation.

1906 The federal government acceptsthe donation of the Oriental artcollection of Charles Lang Freer,who also provides for a buildingand endowment. The Freer Gal-lery, part of the Smithsonian Insti-tution, opens to the public in 1923

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1909 President Theodore Roosevelt ap-points a 30-member Council ofFine Arts. The Council is dis-banded shortly thereafter 'oy Presi-dent William Howard Taft forlack of funding.

1910 President Taft, with Congres-sional approval, establishes aCommission of Fine &is "to ad-vise generally upon questions ofart when required to do so by thePresident, or by Congress." Itdeals primarily with the architec-tural appearance of Washington,D.C.

1913 The National Institute of Arts andLetters is incorporated under afederal charter (not involving fed-eral funding) by an Act of Con-gress. The American Academy ofArts and Letters is incorporatedunder a similar charter threeyears later. The two organizationsmerge in 1976.

1934 President Franklin D. Rooseveltestablishes the Treasury, Depart-ment's Section on Painting aridSculpture, the first governmentbureau involving the arts, whichassigns artists to decorate federalbuildings around the country.

1935 Public service employment pro-grams are established uncle! theWorks Progress Administravon(WPA). Such programs as theFederal Writers Project, the Fed-eral Theater Project, the FederalArt Project and the Federal MusicProject are launched.

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1935 The Amencan National Theatreand Academy is founded as a non-profit, tax-exempt organizationunder a charter granted byCongress

1937 Andrew W Mellon donates his artcollection to the United States,pledges funds for construction ofa National Gallery of An, and cre-ates an endowment for the Gal-lery The National Gallery opensto the public in 1941.

1937 In Congress, Representative Wil-ham I. Sirovicii (D-N.Y) intro-duces House Joint Resolution 79to establish a Department of Sci-ence, Art and Literature to beheaded by a Cabinet-rank officer.Later in the year, RepresentativeJohn M Coffee (D-Wash.) intro-duces H.R. 8239 to establish aBureau of Fine Arts. Neither pro-posal is reported out ofcommittee.

1938 The-Senator Claude Pepper (D-Fla ) Introduces S 3296 providingfor creation of a Bureau of FineArts. The bill is not reported outof committee

1948-49 The country's first local arts agen-cies a:e established: the QuincySociety of Fine Arts in IllinG sand the Winston-Salem Arts Coun-cil in North Carolina.

1949 Congressman Jacob K. Javits (R-N.Y) introduces House JointResolution 104 in the First Ses-sion of the 81st Congress to pro-vide for a national theater and na-tional opera and ballet. Javitsstresses that he is not talking8 11

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about a physical structure, butrather an "integrated, country-wide organization aided by thefederal government." The Resolu-tion is not reported out ofcommittee.

1951 President Harry S Truman asksthe Commission of Fine Arts toinvestigate ways in which the artscould be helped by the federalgovernment

1953 The Commission of Fin? Arts re-ports to President DA ight D Ei-senhower. Ev.mtually acted upon(in 1958) is d° report's recom-mendation tha a cultural centerbe established n Washington,D.C., under the jurisdiction of thefederal government.

1955 President Eisenhower, in his Stateof the Union Address, advocatesthe establishment of a FederalAdvisory Commission on the Arts.

"In the advancement of the v..41-ous activities which would makeour civilization endure and flour-ish, the federal governmentshould do more to give officialrecognition to the importance ofthe arts and other culturalactivities."

1955 Numerous bills to support thearts introduced in Congress dur-ing 1955 and the next severalyears, but no action beyond verylimited hearings taken. NelsonRockefeller, then Undersecretaryof Health, Education and Welfare,pushes for establishment of a Na-tional Council on the Arts but isunsuccessful in Congress.

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1957 The Ford Foundation launchesthe first national program of sup-port for the arts. This suppen,which by 1976 exceeds 020 mil-lion, continues to.ziay.

1958 Premdent Eisenhower signs P.L.85-874 to establish a NaLonal Cul-tural Center in Washington, D.C.,for all thr perfon arts, later tobe named the John r. KennedyCenrer for the Performing Arts.

196u New York State Council on theArts founded by Governor NelsonRockefeller.

1960 Associated Councils of the Artsfounded to provide informational,train rig, research and publicationservi -es to state and communityams agencies and ..) act as a na-tional advocate for the arts. Namechanged in 1977 to AmericanCouncil for the Arts.

Nov a 1960 ;ohn F Kennedy elected Presi-dent of the United States.

frb 9, 1961 Representative ;rank Thompson(13N.J.) introduces H.R 4172 toestablish an advisory council onthe arts, within the Department ofHealth, Fducation and Welfare,that would act as a coordinatingbody between private and gov-ernment arts activities. Hearingsare held, but the bill is defeatedin the House.

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Sept 2, 1961

March 1962

President Kennedy appointsRoger L. Stevens Chairman of theBoard of Trustees of the NationalCultural Center.

President Kennedy appoints Au-gust Heckscher as his SpecialConsultant on the Arts and askshim to prepare a report on therelationship between the arts andthe federal government

Jan 14, 1963 Senator Javits (R-N Y.) introducesS 165 "to establish a UnitedStates National Arts Foundation."initial cosponsors 4re Senators Jo-seph Clark (D-Pa.), Hubert Hum-phrey (D-Minn.), and ClaibornePell (D-R.I.).

April 11, 1963 Senator Humphrey introducesS 1316 "to establish a NationalCouncil on the Aits and a Na-tional Arts Foundation to assist inthe growth and development ofthe arts in the United States." Ini-tial cosvinsors are Senators Clark,John Sherman .'ooper (R-Ky), Ja-vits, Russell B. Long (D-La ), LeeMetcalf (D-Mmt.), Pell, JenningsRandolph (1) W.Va.), AbrahamRibicoff (D-Conn.), and HughScott (R-Pa.).

,ifay 28, 1963 August Heckscher submits his re-port, "The Arts and the NationalGovernment," which recom-mends the establishment of anAdvisory Council on the Arts anda National Arts Foundation to ad-minister grants-in-aid.

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June 12, 1963 By Executive Order 11112, Presi-dent Kennedy establishes thePresident's Advisory Council onthe Arts. (Members are not ap-pointed before Kennedy isassassinated.)

"We have agencies of the G' v-ernment which are concernedwith the welfare and advance-ment of science and technology;of education, recreation, andhealth We should now begin togive similar attention to the arts

Oct 26, 1963 President Kenned' at tile dedica-tion of a new librry at AmherstCollege says:

"I see little of more importanceto the future of our country andour civiiization than full recogni-tion of the place of the artist Ifart is to nourish the roots of ourculture, society must set the artistfree to tollow his vision whereverit takes him."

Oct 2ft 1963 Senator Pell, Chairman of theSenate Special Subcommittee cnthe Arts, opens five days of hear-ings on S. 165 and S 1316.

Not 22, 1963 President Kennedy is assassi-nated. Lyndon B Johnson issworn in as his successor.

Dec. 20, 1963 The Senate passes S. 2379, whichcombines the provisions of thetwo earlier bills, S. 165 andS. 1316, to establish a NationalCouncil on the Arts and a Na-tional Arts Foundation

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Jan. a 1964 In the Housr.., RepresentativeThompson introduces H.R. 9586"to provide for the establishmentof a National Council on the Patsto assist in the growth and devel-opment of the axis in the UnitedStates," and H.R. 9587 "to pro-vide for the establishment of aNational Council on the Arts anda National Arts Foundation to as-sist in the growth and develop-ment of .tie arts in the UnitedStates

Jan 23, 1964 President Johnson signs SenateJoint Resolution 136, renamingthe National Cultural Center theJohn F. Kennedy Center for thePerforming Arts and designatingthe Center as Kennedy's officialmemorial in Washington.

May 13, 1964 President Johnson names RogerL. Stevens Special Assistant to thePresident on the Arts, the firstfull-time arts advisor.

Aug 20, 1964 H.R. 9586, to establish a NationalCouncil on the Arts, passes theHouse of Representatives by avete of 213 to 135.

Aug 21, 1964 The Senate passes H.R 9586 byi voice vote.i

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Sept. 3, 1964 President Johnson signs P.L. 88-579 (the National Arts and Cul-tural Development Act of 1964)establishing the National Councilon the Arts and providing for achairman, the Secretary of theSmithsonian ex officio, and 24other members to "recommendways to maintain and increase the

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cultural resources of the Nationand to encourage and developgreater appreciation and enjoy-ment of the arts by its citizens."

Oct Z 1964 P.L 88-635 signed, providing aFiscal 1965 appropriation of$50,000 for the National Councilon the Arts

Dec. 2, 1964

Feb. -March 1965

President Johnson breaks groundfor the Kennedy Center:

"No act of Congress or ExecutiveOrder can call a great musician orpoet into existence. But we canstand on the sidelines and cheerWe can maintain and strengthenan atmosphere to permit the artsto flourish, and those who havetalent to use it. And we can seekto enlarge the access of all ourpeople to artistic creation."

Special subcommittees of bothHouses of Congress (chaired byPell in the Senate and Thompsonin the House) hold hearings onlegislation to establish a NationalArts Foundation.

Feb 23, 1965 President Johnson appoints 24members and one ex-officiomember as the National Councilon the Arts.

March 14 1965 President Johnson asks the 89thCongress to establish the NationalFoundation on the Arts and theHumanities:

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This Congress will considermany programs which will leavean enduring mark on Americanlife. But it may well be that pas-sage of this legislation, modest asit is, will help secure for this Con-gress a sure and honored place inthe story of the advance of ourcivilization."

Administration bills are introduced in both Houses of Con-gress: Pell introduces S. 1483 inthe Senate and Thompson intro-duces H.R. 6050 in the House.

Martb 11, 1965 President Johnson appoints Rogt rL. Stevens Chairman of the Na-tional Council on the Arts.

March 19, 1955 The Rockefeller Brothers Fund is-sues the results of a two-yearstudy entitled "The PerformingArts: Problems and Prospects"which lists a number of recom-mendations including one thatsays: " ... while private supportshould remain dominant, the fed-eral governmenttogether withstate and local governmentsshould give strong support to thearts, including the performingarts, by appropriate recognition oftheir importance, by direct and in-direct encouragement, and by fi-nancial cooperation."

Nancy Hanks is director of theSpecial Studies Project staff whichcompiles the report.

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APr119-10, 1965 The first meeting of the NationalCouncil on the Arts starts at theWhite House with PresidentJohnson swearing in the members(see page 51):

"Our civilization will largely sur-vive in the works of our creation.There is a quality in art whichspeaks across the gulf dividingman from man and nation fromnation, and century from century.That quality confirms the faiththat our common hopes may bemore enduring than our conflict-ing hostilities. Even now men ofaffairs are struggling to catch upwith the insights of great art. Thestakes may well be the survival ofcivilization."

June 10, 1965 Senate debates and passes anamended S. 1483 to establish aNational Foundation on the Artsand the Humanities.

June 24.27, 1965 Second meeting of the NationalCouncil on the Arts held atTarrytown, N.Y.

Sept 15, /965 House passes S. 1483, withamendments, in lieu of H.R. 9460.(H.R 9460 incorporates the pro-poc2is of the Administration bill,H.R. 6050, and amendments re-flecting suggestions made bywitnesses.)

Sept. 14 1965 Senate agrees with House amend-ments and passes legislationestablishing the National Founda-tion on the Arts and the Human-ities as an umtrella for the Na-tional Endowment for the Artsand the National Endowment forthe Humanities and their respec-tive '..:our il!,.

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Sept. 29, 1965 President Johnson signs P.L.89-209, the National Foundationon the Arts and the HumanitiesAct:*

Fiscal 1966(July 1, 1965

June 30, 1966;

"Art is a nation's most preciousheritage. For it is in our works ofart that we reveal to ourselves,and to others, the inner visionwhich o,uides us as a nation. Andwhere there is no vision, the peo-ple pensh."

Under the new law, Arts Councilmembership is increased from 24to 26. The Chairman of the previ-ously established National Coun-cil on the Arts (Roger Stevens)becomes Chairman of the Arts En-dowment as well (Henry AllenMoe becomes Chairman of theHumanities Endowment.)

With its first appropriations billsigned October 31, 1965, the Na-tional Endowment for the Artsstarts its first fiscal year with onlyeight months remaining, a budgetof $2.5 million, and fewer than adozen employees.

The Endowment ends the yearwith six active programs: Music,Dance, Literature, Visual Arts,Theater and Education. Some 22institutions and 135 individualsare funded. Roger Stevens says:"We believe that the time hascome for our society to give notmerely ceremonial honor to thearts, but genuine attention andsubstantive support."

The Foundation Is composed of the NationalEndowment for the Arts, the National Endow-ment for the Humanities, and the interagencycommittee of federal officials called the FederalCouncil on the Arts and the Humanities. TheFounchmon has no administrative or prof amming identity separate from its componentsEach of thr two Endowments is served by its re-spective advisory body, the National Council onthe Arts or the National Council on theHumanities

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Nov 13-15, Third meeting of the National1965 Council on the Arts held in

Tarrytown, N.Y. The Council dis-cusses the question of whether touse outside panels and resolvesthat " ... the Chairman ... ap-point committees of interestedand qualified persons or organiza-tions to advise the Council withrespect to projects, policies orspecial studies as may be under-taken by the Council from time totime."

The Council requests a feasibilitystudy which later (1967) resultsin the establishment of the Amer-ican Film Institute. Programs ofindividual grants to choreogra-phers to create and producedance works and professionaltheater company performances forsecondary school students arelaunched.

Dec. 20, 1965 Vice President Hubert Humphreypresents a check for $100,000,representing the Arts Endow-ment's first grant, to the AmericanBallet Theatre. The New }brkHerald Tribune reports-

"The Treasury of tri.a. UnitedStates has saved a national trea-sure. Not directly, perhaps, butthe taxpayers, through the govern-ment's recently established Na-ti;nai Council on the Arts, savedthe American Ballet Theatre fromextinction."

Jan. 1966 The Dance Panel, the Endow- .;;ment's first formal panel of out-side experts, meets and forwardsits recommendations to the Na-tional Council.

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Feb. 11-1Z National Council on the Arts1966 holds its fourth meeting, this time

ill Washington, D.C. The MarthaGraham Dance Company is rec-ommended for funding to makeits first national tour in 15 years,and a gram also goes to the Rob-en Joffrey Ballet. "Dialogues onthe An of Poetry," the poets-in-the-schools pilot program, islaunched by the Literature Pro-gram in school systems in NewYork City, Detroit and Pittsburgh.Based on the recommendation ofits Film Advisory Committee, theCouncil recommends a contractto the Stanford Research Instituteto study further the question offounding an American FilmInstitute.

Roger Stevens announces the re-ceipt of $100,000 from the MartinFoundation, the first donation tothe special "Treasury account,"established under the legislationand requiring a 3 to 1 match innon-federal to federal funds.

May 13-15, Fifth National Council on the Arts1966 meeting takes place in Tarrytown,

N.Y. The Federal-State Partner-ship Program, mandated by law tobegin in Fiscal Year 1967 islaunched, with $2 million to bemade available, on a matching ba-sis, to 50 states and five spe.ciai ;u-risdictions (American Sarnoa, Dis-trict of Columbia, Guam, PuertoRico and the Virgin Islands).Only American Samoa is unableto meet the provisions of thegrant.

The first grants for not-for-profitprofessional theaters are recom-mended. Funds are set aside for

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art in public places. The Councildiscusses and later recommendsways to involve the United Statesin international arts events.

Fiscal 1967 Chairman Stevens warns that(July 1, 1966- "there is at the present time, in

June 30, 1967) the performing arts alone, an in-come gap ...of about $20 to $23million per year. This figure willreach at :east $60 million by1975." Stevens adds that "the fed-eral government cannot, andshould not, be expected to carrythe total burden. This must be acooperative effort, to include pri-vate enterprise, foundations, stateand municipal support, regionalorganizations and individualcontributions."

Far its first full fiscal year of oper-ation the Endowment budget is$7,965,692 and newprograms inArchitecture, Planning and Design(now Design Arts), Federal-State(now State Programs) and PublicMedia (now Media Arts) radded. Expenditures include$1,007,500 for Theater, $892,780for Education and $39,500 forFoil: Arts. A Music Advisory Panelis established.

Aug 26-27, At its sixth meeting, in Washing-1966 ton, D.C., the National Council on

the Arts recommends the firstgrants to individual creative writ-ers, three pilot museum projects,opera touring, public televisionprojects and others.

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Nov. 21, 1966 Professors William]. Baumol andWilliam G. Bowen collaborate toproduce "Performing ArtsTheEconomic Dilemma," publishedby The Twentieth Century Fund.The book suppons the earlierRocir(Ifeiler Report and adds thesobering conclusion that "thei.eed of the performing groupsfor contributed funds is likely to

ntinue to ;row ever larger."

Dec 14.15, Seventh meeting of the National1966 Council on the Arts is held at the

State Department in Washington.An initial fund of 11.;', million isset aside for an American Film In-stitute and a series of grants ismade in the field of architectureand design. A program of individ-ual grants for painters and sculp-tors is launched.

May 12-14, At its eighth meeting, in;967 Tarrytown, N.Y., the National

Council on the Arts formally rec-ommends that an American FilmInstitute be set up with 11.3 mil-Pon coming from the Endowment-.nd matching private donations of$1.3 million from the Ford Foun-dation and 11.3 million from themember companies of the MotionPicture Association of America. InMusic, the Audience Develop-ment Project is established tofund presenters of local concertseries for young or unknown art-ists, and grant.; are recommendedto assist individual composers.The Literature Program offers as-sistarce to non-commercialpresses.

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June 5, 1967 The American Film Institute is es-tablished as a non-profit, non-gov.ernment corporation with GeorgeStevens, Jr., as Director and Greg-ory Peck as Chairman of theBoard. The AFI is to preserve anddeve!op the nation's artistic andcultural resources in film.

June 20, 1967

Fiscal 1968(July 1, 1967 -

June 30, 1968)

President Johnson requests theFederal Council on the Amts andthe Humanities to prepare a re-port on the status 0' the nation'smuseums. The Federal Councilcommissions the American Asso-ciation of Museums to undertakethis project.

Endowment budget is $7 2 mil-lion and grants are made to 187individuals and 276 organizations.Reauchorintion is approved byCongress for two more years ofoperation despite some criticismabout aiding the arts during thenation's growing involvement inVietnam.

"Itvo endeavors are added: adance touring program and grantsfor museums to purchase theworks of living American artists.The "American Musical Digest" islaunched with the Endowment'ssupport tc strengthen music criti-cism through excerpting, translating and reprinting articles and reviews on American music andartists from local, national and in-ternational publications. The firstgrant for regional arts program-ming goes to the Federation ofRocky Mountain States for an au-dience development project.

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July 17, 1967 Ninth National Council on theArts meeting held in Los Angeles.The conversion of the old BellTelephone laboratories on NewYork's Lower Wbst Side into a na-tional artists' housing center isdiscussed. (An Endowmentmatching grant with the J.M.Kaplan Fund makes this projectpossible, and ,roundbrealcing forWestbeth takes place on June 21,1968.) Six regional dance compa-nies are recommended forsupport.

Nov . 3-4, 1967 Tenth meeting of the NationalCouncil on thc. Arts held in Wash-ington, D.C. Support for literaryfestivals and grants to young writ-ers are recommended, as is fund-ing to help establish the TheatreDevelopment Fund. Arts dem-onstration projects in New YorkCity Buffalo, Minneapolis andLouisville are funded in partner-ship with the newly formed AFL/CIO Council for Scientific, Profes-siona; and Cultural Employees.

Pail 1967 At the instigation of David Rocke-feller and ether corporate leaders,the Business Committee for theArts is established under theChairmanship of C. Douglas Dil-lon to stimulate corporate supportfor the arts.

June 14, 1968 At its twelfth meeting, in NewYork City, the National Councilon the Arts discusses proposedsupport for inner-city arts pro-grams in 16 of the nation's largestcities during the sumraer of 1968.A fund-raising benefit is held

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Fiscal 1969(ply 1, 1968 -

June 30, 1969)

June 26 lo New \brit and raises$200,000 for the project. Whenmatched by the 'ft ea.sury account,$400,000 is available; this eventu-ally generates $1.2 million whenmatched at the b3cal level.

Endowment budget is $7.8 mil-lion with $326,750 going to Ar-chitecture, $641,627 to Dance,$526,450 to Education, $332,000to Literature, $861,620 to Music,$222,200 to Public P4edia,$1,007,600 to Theater, $336,800to Vistial Arts, $469,550 to Coordi-nated Arts, and $1.7 million tothe Federal-State Partnership. For-mal panels now exist in Architec-ture, Dance, iviusic, Theater andVisual Arts; informal advisorygroups serve Education and Lit-erature. A $100,000 transfer fromthe Office of Educatioh/HEW tothe Endowment's Education Pro-gram ink: tic 5 program placingvisual antral... secondary schools.

Nov. 25, 1968 "The Condition and Needs ofAmerica's Museums" (The Bel-mont Report) is sent to PresidentJohnson by the Federal Councilon t. Arts and the Humanities.

Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon is sworn in asPresident of the United States.

Mara 11, 1969 Roger Stevens term expires asfirst Chairman of the Endowment.

June 1, 1969 Leonard Garment named SpecialConsultant to the President. Hisresponsibilities include the artsand humanities.

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Fiscal 1970auly 1, 1969-

June 3C1 1970)

Endowment budget, prepared byRoger Stevens, is $8,250,000. Thisincludes $4.25 million for Pro-grams, $2 million for state blockgrants and an additional $2 mil-lion for the Treasury account.

Building on the success of the vi-sual artists-in-residence project in1969, the Artists-in-Schools Pro-gram receives $900,000 in transferfunds from the U.S. Office ofEducation and brings more than300 artists to elementary and sec-ondary school students in 31 states.

The Music Program expands toinclude pilot programs for jazzand for orchestras. The Endow-ment provides $600,000 from theTreasury account, matching pri-vate donations to help establishthe National Opera Institute, aproject initiated by Roger Stevensduring his chairmanship.

Ocr 6 1969 Nancy Hanks is sworn in as Chair-man of the Endowment by Presi-dent Nixon. She says:

"The arts, defined broadly, pos-sess enormous potential forstimulating humaneness, eco-nomic health and new life in ourcommunities."

"It is part of the essential idea ofour country that the lives of thepeople should be advanced infreedom and in comprehensionof the tough and soaring qualitiesof the spirit. This is not possiblewithout the arts. They are not aluxury; they are a necessity"

282,

Dec. I 1 1969 President Nixon, in a special mes-sage to Congress, says:

"The attention and support wegive the arts and the humanities,especially as they affect ouryoung people, represent a vitalhart of our commitment to en-hancing the quality of life for allAmericans."

President Nixon asks the Congress to reauthorize the two En-dowments for another threeyears.

Fiscal 1971 The L_I Nancy Flanks budget is(July 1, 1970- S15.1 million, almost double that

Jur.e 30, 1971) for Fiscal 1970. The Museum Pro-gram is launched, as is the Expan-sion Arts Program for profes-sionally directed, community-based arts activities. A full pro-gram of support fc symphonyor-chestras is put Into place The Vi-sual Arts Program formalizessupport for photography.

Existing peer review panels aree:cpanded and additional panelsare established for the Literature,Museum, Expansion Arts, PublicMedia and Special Projects (nowInter-Arts) Programs.

As American Samoa matches itsfirst grant, all 55 eligible state andjurisdictional arts agencies are, forthe first time, receiving BasicState Grants.

May 26, 1971 President Nixon addresses the As-sociated Councils of the Artsmeeting in Washington, D.C.:

2126

Fiscal 1972(July 1, 1971 -

June 30, 1972)

"The important thing now is thatgovernment has accepted supportof the arts as one of its respon-sibilidesnot only on the federallevel, but on the state and locallevels as well. And increasingly,governments at MI levels see thisnot only as a responsibility butalso as an opportunityfor thereis a growiog recognition that fewinvestments in the quality of lifeit America pay off so landsomelyas the money spent to stimulatethe arts."

The President directs all federalagencies and executive depart-ments to see how the arts canbenefit their programs and howtheir programs might assist artists.

Endowment budget nearly dou-bles againto 529,750,000andexisting programs are expanded.Full programs of support are es-tablished for opera companiesand for jazz. Dance Program ex-pands to offer assistance for re-gional development of residentprofessional companies. MuseumProgram launches major effort tosupport conservation and renova-tion projects to enable museumsto preserv' and care for their col-lections more effectively. PublicMedia Program expands to in-clude regional film center sup-port. The first regional represen-tative begins work in theNorthwest.

There are now ten advisory pan-els. Nancy Hanks notes that panelmembers will serve on a rotatingbasis with terms of approximatelythree years. Under this new sys-tem, the first rotation will occurin July of _972.

27Vf-1 0

May 14 1972

Fiscal 1973.ely 1, 1972 -

June 30, 1973)

President Nixon, acting on the re-sponses to the 1971' survey of fed-eral agencies and executive de-partments and on the recommen-dations of the National Councilon the Arts, announces govern-ment initiatives in design. TheArts Endowment is the leadagency for the Federal DesignImprovement Program, to helpupgrade federal architecture, de-sign and graphics.

Endowment budget is $38.2 mil-lion. Advisory panelists now num-ber over 200, including suchwell-known individuals as ZeldaFichandler and Harold Prince onTheater, Roy Lichtenstein andGeorge Segal on Visual Arts, Ju-lian "Cannonball" Adderley, RiscStevens, Robert Shaw and Gian-Carlo Menotti on Music, and IbniMorrison and Kurt Vonnegut, jr.on Literature.

The Visua: Arts Program offersCraftsmen's Fellowships. TheAmain, begun in Michigan in1971 and supported by the En-dowment, moves west to visit 30towns in New Mexico, Arizona,Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Montana,Wyoming and Nevada.

April 2-3, 1973 First Federal Design Assembly,sponsored by the Federal Councilon the Arts and the Humanities, isheld to increase the awareness offederal administrators of the im-porance of good design.

Fiscal 1974(July 1, 1973 -

June 34 1974)

Endowment budget is$60,775,000: $46 million for Pro-grams, $8.3 million for the statearts agencies and $6.5 million forthe Iteasury account. President

28

31

Nixon signs tiother reauthoriza-tion, and Nasky Hanks is ap-pointed to a second four-yearterm as Chairman. (1."4ring herfirst term, the budget increasedfrom $8.25 million to $60.78 mil-lion, an increase of 637 percent.)

A new effort is launched to ex-pand and coordinate Endowmentsupport for the folk arts. The CityOptions program is started to pro-mote community cooperation inthe design of future environ-ments. The Artists-in-Schools Pro-gram grows to 1,750 artists work-ing in elementary and secondaryschools in every state and specialjurisdiction.

The Council adopts a resolutionencouraging greater accessibilityof cultural activities for disabled

The Endowment publishes "Mu-seums USA," the first comprehen-sive statistical study of the na-tion's museums.

A Bicentennial Committee of theNational Council is established.Nancy Hanks says:

"As we approach the 200th birth-day of this nation, it is importantto give thought to the kind ofcourtry we want to be in ourthird century and beyond, and tothe deepening purpose of the artsin this projection for our futuresociety"

Spring 1974 A special $1 million two-yeargrant, a precursor of the Chal-lenge Grant Program, is given tothe Metropolitan Opera.

29

32

Fie a1 1975 Endowment budget is(Juy,1. 1974- $74,750,000. More thrm 14,000June 34 1975) applications for aid are reviewed.

Staffing is more than 250.

Encouraged by the success of ear-lier specials featuring the Ameri-can Ballet Theatre and the AlvinAiley American Dance Theatre, anEndowment grant to the Educa-tional Broadcasting Corporation(WNET-TV) initiates the "Dancein America" series on public tele-vision. The series premieres inJanuary 1976 with a feature on theJoffrey Ballet.

Beginning in Fiscal 1975, insteadof authorizing a specific dollaramount for the state arts agenciesas the original bill had done, thereauthorization stipulates that noless than 20 percent of all pro-gram funds must go to the statearts agencies and "regional orga-nizations," with 75 percent of thisamount being divided among thestate arts agencies in equalshares. Each of the 50 states andfive special jurisdictions is eligi-ble to receive at least $200,000 tosupport local programs.

The two-year City Spirit programis launched, with $2 million avail-able in matching grants for cities,towns and neighborhoods tostrengthen and showcase theirown cultural heritage andcreativity.

Aug 9, 1974 President Nixon resigns the Presi-dency and Gerald R. Ford issworn in to office.

Aug 23, 1974 In a letter to Nancy Hanks on theupcoming second Federal Design

30 33

Sept. 12, 1974

Nov. 21, 1974

Fiscal 1976(July 1, 1975

June 30, 1976)and

"Transition Quarter"(July 1, 1976 -

Sept 30, 1976)

I

Assembly (Septtraber 11-12,1974), President Ford says:

"I firmly believe that, in order toinspire the people's pride in theirGovernment, we must providethem with manifest evidence ofits vitality, creativity and effi-ciency by setting he highest stan-dards in architectural design,environmental planning and vi-sual communication."

The National Assembly of StateArts Agencies is incorporated torepresent the common interestsof the 50 state and five jurisdic-tional arts agencies. (The forerun-ner to the National Assembly, theNorth American Assembly of Stateand Provincial Arts Agencies, hadbeen set up as an affiliate of theAssociated Councils of the Arts inJune 1968.)

The Arts Endowment and the Ex-xon Corporation announce a jointventure to help Affiliate Artistsdevelop young conductors for po-sitions as music directors inAmerican symphony orchest.as.Exxon's partnership with the En-dowment, later extended to pub-lic television programs and of erefforts, continues today.

Congressman Sidney R. Yates (D-ill.) assumes Chairmanship ofHouse appropriations subcommit-tee with responsibility for theEndowment.

Endowment budget is $82 mil-lion for Fiscal Year 1976 and $34million for the July 1-September30, 1976 "Transition Quarter"

31 34

which bridges the gap caused bythe change in the federal fiscal year.

Sept 29-30 Tenth Anniversary of the Endow-1975 ment is celebrated at the Lyndon

B. Johnson Library, Austin, Texas,with the National Council, LadyBird Johnson, Nancy Hanks, Hu-bert Humphrey, Jacob Javits, KirkDouglas, James Wyeth, RobertMerrill and scores of others. Bev-erly Sills points out that althoughthe Endowment budget has in-creased to $75 million, "what wecannot be is complacent or satis-fied because there are a greatmany cities in this country thatdon't give one nickel tow..felstheir own cultural institutions."Miss Sills also tells the two daysymposium that " ... an is the sig-nature of civilization."

"The MS: 'fears of Development,Time of Decision," a report onthat symposium, is later pub-lished by the Lyndon B. JohnsonSchool of Public Affairs at theUniversity of Texas.

Dec 20, 19 75 President Ford signs into lawS. 1800, the Arts and Artifacts In-demnity Act, rathorizing the iej-eral government, under certaincircumstances, to indemnify cer-tain art, artifacts and other objectsto be exhibited internationally.

Fiscal 1977 Endowment budget is $94 mil-(Oa. 1, 1976 lion and more than 300 panelistsSept 30, 19r) help judge the merits of applica-

tions from the field. The MediaArts Program sets up the ShortFilm Showcase to help shc ,v theworks of independent ilmmakersin commercial mot,' nousesI nationwide.

32 35

Oa $ 1976 President Ford signs Into law re- ,---:

authorization for the Endowmentfor four more years. Chief Con-gressional sponsors a e Congress-man John Brademas XI-Ind.) andSenator Claiborne Pell. Councilmembers, for die first time, re-quire Senate confirmation. Chal-lenge Grants are authorized. Con-gress establishes the Institute ofMuseum Services to provide gen-eral operating support tomuseums.

Nancy Hanks, commenting on theChallenge Grant Progratr, notes:

But regardless of who the suc-cessful applicants are, the Endow-ment has injected a stimulus intothe arts that will be felt tar be-yond the modest federal fundsexpended. One federal dollar cangenerate three or four private dol-lars and 75 percent of those pri-vate contributors are likely tocontribute again."

Nov 2, 1976 Jimmy Carter elected President ofthe United States.

May 13-15 1977 The National Assembly of StateArts Agencies' Federal/State StudyCommittee completes 18 monthsof work with a recommendationthat "an ongoing, structured pro-cess of policy planning betweenthe Endowment and the state artsagencies be established on a for-mal, Endowment-wide basis."

May 23-27, The fires White House Confer-1977 ence on Handicapped Individuals

focuses attention on the accessi-bility of cultUral programs and fa-cilities and the participation ofdisabled individuals in the arts,.

33 '

*me 16-17, National Support the Ar ts Confer-1977 ence held in Washington, D.C., to

"find ways to help local arts insti-tutions help themselves in theirefforts to gain long-term stabilityand independence," Nancy Hankstells the conference.

July 2Z 1977

wig 1977

Round I Challenge Grams an-nounced with 59 grants, benefit-ing 66 organizations, funded at$27,345,000 over two years.

As one cf her last acts at the En-dowment, Nancy HankS estab-lishes a Task Force on the Educa-,don, Trainin, d Developmentof Profession, atists and ArEducators.

Aug 12-14 A year-long reassessm:4 of the1977 federalstate partnership lh sup-

port of the arts culminates in a re-port to the National Council onthe Arts calling for expansion ofthe partnership concept to in-clude federal, stare. regional andlocal public arts.agencies; leader-ship in national arts advocacy,and leadership in addressing theneeds of new and minorityconstituencies.

Fiscal 1978(Oct 1, 1977

Sept 34 1978)

Fiscal 1978 budget is$123,850,000, and on October 2,1977, Nancy Hanks leaves theChairmanship of the Endowmentat the close of her second term.(The Arts Endowment's budgetincreased 1,400 percent duringher two terms.)

37

Vice PkixtidentVidter Moncialeswife Joan Is named Honoraryauhperson of the Federa: Conn-,cil on the Arts and the Human-ities and takes an active role inpromoting the arts.

Nov 11-1_ 1977 The Endowment encouragesestablishment of a 23-membertask force to determine the needsof the Hispanic arts community inthe U.S. and to recommend waysto strengthen their arts and theirrelationships with the ArtsEndowment.

Nov. 3q 1977 Livingston L. Biddle, Jr., nomi-nated by President Caner, issworn in as third Chairman of theEndowment:

"The arts . . embark us on theoceans of self- discovery. Theyquicken our awareness. They ex-tend our imagination. Theysharpen our eyes and ears andminds toward opportunities fornew insights."

Chairman Biddle stresses "accessto the bestaccess for all Ameri-cans to art of the highest 4-ality."During Fiscal 1978, Biddle re-moves grant ceilings to give theadvisory panels more discretionin recommending grant amounts.He also reorganizes the Endow-ment administration, namingthree deputy chairmen: for Pro-grams; Policy and Planning; andIntergovernmental Activities. Heplaces limits on the terms of of-fice for program directors.

The Folk Arts Program, once partof Special Projects, is made a sep-arate program to suppon thepreservation and presentation of

33 38

tradidonaI'arts. The Opera-Musi-cal Theater Program is begun tohelp "broaden the concept ofmusic theater and to make this artform available to an expandingaudience." The Office of MinorityConcerns is created to act as liai-son between the Endowment andminority arts groups and artists.The number of grant applicationsreaches nearly 20,000.

Summer 1978 The National Assembly of Com-munity Arts Agencies, a commit-tee within the Associated Coun-cils of the Arts since the early1970's, sets itself up as an inde-pendent organization to representthe interests of local arts agen-cies. (Name is changed to Na-tional Assembly of Local ArtsAgencies in 1982.)

Fiscal 1979 Endowment budget, initiated by(Oct 1, 1978- Nancy Hanks in fall 1977, is

sepz. 30, 1979) 1149,585,000. The Endowmentnow involves more than 500 pan-elists and 325 staff members: An-nual state appropriations for thearts have increased from $2.7 mil-lion in 1966 to more than 180million. The number of commu-nity arts agencies has increasedfrom about 150 in 1966 to some2,000.

The International Communica-tion Agency (now the UnitedStates Information Agency) andthe Endowment agree to work to-gether on American arts program-ming abroad. The Music Programrecognizes choruses and chambermusic as separate categories ofneed and support. A NationalCouncil on the Arts/National As-sembly of State Arts AgenciesJoint Policy Committee is estab-lished to advise the National36 39

Council on policy issues involv-Ing the public arts agency part-nership. The Commonwealth .

Council for Arts and Culture ofthe Northern Mariana Islands be-,comes the 56t agency to receiveBasic State Grant support.

Oct 10, 1978 Challenge Grant Program, in itssecond round of grants, awards102 grants to,-,Iling $30,730,500to benefit 12., organizations.

Dec 1978 The Endowment establishes aTask Force on Community Pro-gram Policy to examine and makepolicy recommendations regard-ing the relationships between theEndowment and state and localarts agencies and organizations.

Fiscal 1980 Endowment budget is(Oct. 1, 1979- $154,610,000 (up only marginally

Sept 30, 1980) over Fiscal 1979 due to increasingconcern over federal budgetdeficits).

A White House reception marksthe Endowment's 15th Anniver-sary, and Chairman Biddle says:

"Nothing is more enviableordauntingthan the opportunity tomake a practical reality out of avisionary dream. Yet today we seethe phrases of the legislation thatcreated the National Endowmentfor the. Arta 15 years ago trans-lated into goals, programs andaccomplishments."

The Inter-Arts Pr lgram, formerlySpecial Projects, formalizes itssupport of arts presenters, artists'colonies, services and interdisci-plinary arts projects. The FolkArts Program announces the

37 40

Plecal 1981(Oct. 1, 1980-

spt 3t4 1981)

establishment of National Heri-tage Fellowships to honor exem-pkey traditional artists. The Music:Program offers support for festi-vals, recordings of American mu-sic professional training, and solorecitalists. The Theater Programextends its support of playwrights,directors, designers and othertheater artists through fellowshipsand funding of residencies.

The Office of Federal-State Part-nership splits into two offices:State Programs, which gives blockgrants to state and regional artsagencies, and Partnership Coordi-nation, which.works with otherfederal arts programs, stale, re-gional and local arts agencies andprofessional arts organizations.The Artists-in-Schools Programevolves into the Artists in Educa-tion Program with grants to statearts agenciei for artists' residen-cies in schools and other settings,special piwt learning projects andtechniml services.

The first Advancement Grants,ranging from $20,000 to $150,000,are given to a select group of Ex-pansion Arts organizations thatproduce excellent work in theirfield but need help to develop asinstitutions.

Endowment budget is$158,795,000. The agency is re-authorized through Fiscal Year .

1985. Media Arts Programlaunches support ort a regionalbasis for individual media artiras.Record number of applications-27,000received,

Nov. 4, 1980 Ronald Reagan elected Presidentof the United States.

38 41

cwt

4 3

_,,r1ii. 1-1 1981 As part of the White House Con-ference on Aging, the Endow-ment sponsors a symposium fo-

. riming on the need, demand andcharacter of arts and humanitiesprograms for older Americans.

lune 5, 1561 President Reagan appoints aPresidential Task Force on theArts and the Humanities (seepage 51) to review the purposes,activities and records of the Artsand Humanities Endowments. Co-chaired by Charlton Heston,Hanna H. Gray, President of theUniversity of Chicago, and DanielJ. Terra, Ambassador-at-Large forCultural Affairs, the Task Force isasked to find methods of Increas-ing private support for the artsand humanities; to bring morenon-governmental professionals,private groups and individualsinto the Endowments' decision-making processes; and to findways of improving the manage-ment, organization and structureof the two Endowments and theFederal Council -on the Acs andthe Humanities.

When naming the Task Force,President Reagan notes: "Our cul-tural institutions are an essentialnational resource. They must bekept strong."

. Fiscal 1982 Endowment budget is(Oct 1, 1981- $143,456,000 (a cut of 10 percent

sex 34 1962) due to rising federal budgetdeficits).

The first National Heritage Fel-lowships in the Folk Arts honor15 outstanding folk artists.

4239

Fall 1981 With the help of Endowmentgrams, the National Assembly ofState /tits Agencies publishes "Allin Order Information Systems forthe Arts," which Includes the Na-tional Standard for Arts Information Exchange. The Standard pro-vides a basis for coordinatedinformation management in the arts.

Oct. 14, 1981 At a White House luncheon, Pres-ident Reagan introduces to thePresidential Task Force on theArts and the Humanities FrankHodsoll, Deputy Assistant to thePresident, as his nominee forChairman of the Endowment.The Task Force Report is submit-ted and includes recommenda-tions that the existing structure ofthe two Endowment., be kept;that the professional panel reviewsystems be continue-I, :hat adjust-ments is the tax code be made tostimulate private philanthropy;and that coordination and cooper-ation among federal, state and lo-cal arts agencies be strengthened.

In accepting the Task Force Re-peLt, President Reagan says.

"The Endowments, which beganin 1965, account for only 10 per-cent of the donations to art andscholarship. Nonetheless, theyhave served an important role incatalyzing additional private s ip-pon, assisting exceneace in artsand letters, and helping to assurethe availability of art andscholarship."

Nov. 6 1981 Frank Hodsoll tells Senator Rob-ert T. Stafford (R-Vt.) at his con-firmation hming:

4340

"I believe we have to rely more .

on stare ,and-kral, and particularlyprivate, sup** It has Ow*been the canIn ***mica that thepreponderance 4,4 ;support for thearts and humanities, and indeedfor a number of other institutions,has come from the privatesector."

Nov 13, 198; Following Senate confirmation onNovember 10th, Frank Hodsoll issworn in as the fourth Chairmanof the Endowment by Chief Jus-tice Warren E. Burger. FormerChairmen Ste ens, Hanks andBiddle are present for the. swear-ing-in, which occurs at the begin-ning of the 70th meeting of theNational Council on the

Chairman Hodsoll stresse3 theEndowmen(b mission is to "tblerthe excellence, diversity ar,1 viial-ity of the arts and to help crriienthe availability and ;ippre&of such excellence, diversity andvitality." The key .hemes, he says,are "excellence" and "reachingall Americars." Hod also pre-pares tonger-range support ofthe arts through strengthening theChallenge and Advancement Pro-grams, increasing the emphasison excellence in Endowmentfundip.; improving and stream-lining dit, endowment's adminis-tration and strengthening thepublic/private partnership to en-onurage greater private support.

.441

.'1- 14.:

:4'100.

Fiscal 1983(Oa 1, 1982 -

Sept 3a 1983)

President Reagan establishes thePresident's Committee on,the Aroand the HUmanities to help stim-ulate increased private support ,and to promote recognition of ex-cellence in these fields. TheCoMmittee has a membership ofup to 34 federal and non-federalmembers. The Chairman is An-drew Heiskell; the Vice Chairmenare mind S. Deutsch andW. Barnabas McHenry. (See page52.)

:ndowment budget is$143,875,000.

President Reagan says: "We sup- ,

port the work of the National En-dowment for the Arts to stimulateexcellence and make art moreavailaJle to more of our people."

Among the initiatives begun bythe Endowment is the 'Rest Pro-gram of Support for Local ArtsAgencies, designed to leveragesustainable incrmes in local got%emment support for the artswhile improving administrationand planning. The Literature Pro-gram starts a project to publishshort stories in newspapers.

Curriculum-based, sequential artseducation from kindergarteithrough 12th grade is given ah!gh priority by Frank Hodson. Aseries of regional meetings isscheduled, and discussicins withthe J. Paul Getty Tfatt and othersare begun to bring televisionmore direaly into the arts educa-tion process.

Challenge II, Challenge Grantsfor which previous recipients areeligible, is begun; their purpose:Is focused on stia10.2nng

42 45

tr

tt

21

3

provements tit balanee sheetsfotthe very best a IrbstItutions. Ad-.vancement Gran are opened u@to all of the disdpthie fields. Anew initiative beer' *Tithe Inter-Arts Program so waist state and re-gional arts agencies to increasedance presentation nationwide.The Visual Arcs P.ogram beginsassistance to regional arts orga-nizations to provide fellowshipsfor emerging visual artists.

The National Council on the Arts/National Assembly of State ArtsAgencies (NCA/NASAA) Commit-tee expands to include the Ma-nure Assembly of Local ArtsAgencies (NALAA). NCA/NASAA/NAIAA Committee meetings arescheduled regularly to precedeeach meeting of the NationalCouncil on the Arts.

Jan. 7, 1983 Nancy Hanks, the Endowment'ssecond Chairman, dies Off along battle against cancer. "Shewas an extraordinary lady whohad her heart in the right placeand the ability to get thingsdone, Hodsoll says. "That's arare combination."

Jan. 26, 1983 President Reagan requests Con-gress to name the Old Post Office..omplex in Washington, which isto be the new home of the twoEndowments, the Nancy Hank s%Center. On February 15, PresidearReagan signs Public Live98-1, the

I

first bill of the near Congress, intolaw, stating: 7,

1 .

"This designation Ls particularlyapt since the renovation of the

1

Old Post Office, its occupancythis year by fedecal cultural agen-

1 des and commercial enterprises. 1, ,

43 46

and its exhibits are due in largemeasure to the foresightedness,persuasiveness, intellect and vigorof Nancy Hanks."

AprO 19, 1963 The Old Post Office Building atthe Nancy Hanks Center is re-dedicated as the new home of thetwo Endowments, the President'sCommittee on the Arts and theHumanities, the Institute of Mu-seum Services, and the AdvisoryCouncil on Historic Preservation.

May ii, 1983 At a White House luncheon orga-nized by the President's Commit-tee on the Arts and the Human-ities, President Reagan honors 12artists and arts patrons for serviceto the arts. (See page 52.)

The President also asks FrankHodsoll to explore with Congressthe possibility of creating a medalto honor artists and patrons of thearts.

July 13-16 The first National Symposium on1983 Access to Cultural Programs for

disabled and older individuals issponsored by the Endowment atIndiana University in Blooming-ton. Frank Hodsoll addresses theplenary session.

Fiscal 1984 Endowment budget is $162 mil-(Oct. 1, 1983- lion. A Five-Year Planning Docu-

Sept 30, 1984) ment (19861990) is approved.

The Endowment, working withthe American Film Institute, helpsestablish a National Center forFilm and Television Preservation.

The Locals Test Program, in itsfirst year of operation, distributes

44 47

Nov 5, 1983

May 31, 1984

$2 million in federal funds, whichare to be matched by $9.7 millionin new publicly appropriatedstate aid local funds. Folk ArtsApprenticeships are begunthrough state arts agencies. Thet neater Program begins an Ongo-ing Ensembles category to assistgroups of theater artists workingtogether over time. The DanceProgram starts a program placingchoreographers with repertorydance companies to create newwork. A touring-commissioningfund for major interdisciplinarywork is begun in the Inter-ArtsProgram.

Frank Hodsoll, commenting onthe e,rov-th in support for the arts,says:

"The American Association ofFundraisi ounsel reports thatin 1983 p contributions tocultural acmles increased to$4.08 billion, an increase of 36percent and $1 billion over 1981.Individuals continued in 1983 toprovide the bulk of this support,"

National Council on the Artsadopts new Mission Statement fort.Ae National Endowment for 'heArts. The focus is on excellenceand access.

President Reagan signs into lawlegislation for a National Medal ofArts, authorizing the President toaward up to 12 medals a year to"individuals or groups who in thePresident's judgment are deserv-ing of special recognition by rea-son of their outstanding contribu-tions to the excellence, growth,support and availability of the artsin the United States." The Presi-

45 48

dent's awards are to be based onrecommendation's of the NationalCouncil on the Arts.

Fiscal 1985 The National Endowment for the(Oct 1, 1984- Arts is 20 years old. Its budget isSept 34 1985 $163,660,000. The Expansion Arts

Program starts a CommunityFoundation Initiative to securenew private funds for smaller artsorganizations. The Music Programconsolidates and strengthens itssupport for music presenters na-tionwide. A national jazz serviceorganization is created with En-dowment assistance. ChairmanHodsoll says:

"The sole purpose of all of us isto foster excellence, diversity andvitality in the arts, and helpbroaden the availability andappreciation of them. Ourprogressor lack of itmust bemeasured only in these terms. Aswe look ahead to the comingyears, it is my hope that we willrededicate ourselves to these cru-cial ends."

Dec 11, 1984 Frank Hodsoll announcesCharlton Heston's appointment asChairman of the Arts Endow-ment's 20th Anniversary Commit-tee, set up to focus attention onthe growth of the public-privatepartnership support for the artssince the Endowment's birth in1965.

Jan 16 1985 The First Lady, Nancy Reagan,agrees to serve as Honorary Chair-man of the 20th AnniversaryCommittee, which includes lead-ing artists and arts patrons whohave served as members of theNational Council on the Arts.(See page 53.)

46 49

Jan 34 1985 President Reagan presents thefirst Presidential Awar -is for De-sign Excellence to 13 federalprojects in a variety of designareas. The President states:

"I believe it is fai: to say thatgood design unites Art with pur-pose, and is an essential part ofall that goes to make our nationwithout peer."

March 25, 198 During the Academy Awardspresentations, the National En-dowment for the Arts receives aspecial "Oscar" for its 20-year ser-vice to the arts:

April 23, 1985

May 2 andJune 19, 1985

" ... and its dedicated commit-ment to fostering artistic and cre-ative activiy and excellence inevery area of human geniusdance, literature, theater, music,visual arts, the media, opera, de-sign and the national heritage asrepresented by our folk arts."

First National Medals rf Artsawarded to seven artists and fivepatrons of the arts at a WhiteHouse luncheon. (See page 53 )

Endowment reauthorization hear-ings held before the House (May2) and Senate (June 19) sub-committees. Chairman Hodsontestifies on the recent substantialgrowth in private, state and localsupport for the arts, and notesthat:

"As the traditional boundariesdistinguishing the disciplines ...are redefined, we will need toadapt Endowment activities ac-cordingly. Further, there are great

47 50

artistic and audience differencesamong the states and regions, andthe Endowment must respond indifferent areas in different ways.

"Arts education provides us witha special challenge ... to seekcomprehensive and sequentialarts education as a basic elementof the curriculum .. Probablynothing that the Endowmentcould do would be of greater im-portance than to help effect ageneral increase in artistic literacyand appreciation."

Aug 3, 1985 The National Council on the Artsreviews concept paper on artseducation, which proposes broad-ening the scope of the Artists inEducation Program. The primaryobjective of the proposed changeis to encourage art in educationas a basic part of the curriculum,kindergarten through highschool.

Sept 22, 1985 During its annual "Emmy"Awards program, the NationalAcademy of Television Arts andSciences recognizes the Arts En-dowment on its 20th Anniversary

Sept 23-29, President Reagan recognizes Na-1985 tional Arts Week to celebrate ail

the arts on the occasion of theEndowment's 20th Anniversary.

Sept 27, 1985 President Reagan annouri_es hisIntention to nominate FrankHodsoll for a second term asChairman of the Arts Endowment.

5148

On September 29, 1985, the Na-tional Endowment for the Artscelebrated its 20th birthday. Ithad been founded to encourageand support national progress inthe arts based on Congress' find-ing that "a high civilization mustnot limit its efforts to scionceand technology alone but mustgive full value and support tothe other great branches ofman's scholarly and cultural ac-tivity in order to achieve a betterunderstanding of the past, a bet-ter analysis of the present, and abetter view of the future." TheEndowment has tried to kip inthisby encouraging and sup-porting artistic excellence andhelping bring that excellence tomore Americans. The purposewas and is: to hip continue andexpand our "high civilization."

President Reagan quotes HenryJames:

"It is art that makes life,makes interest, makes impor-tance ... I know if no substi-tute whatever for the forceand beauty of its process."

32

49

ORIGINAL MEMBERS

OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

ON THE ARM(Sworn in by President John conon April SI 1965)

Roger L. Stevens, Chairman

Elizabeth AshleyLeonard BernsteinAnthony BlissDavid BrinkleyAlbert BushBrownAgnes de MilleRene d'HamcncourtRalph EllisonPaul EngleR Philip Hanes, JrRev Gilbert Hartke, 0 rEleanor Lambert

Deceased

Warner Lawson'Gregory PeckWilliam L. PereiraRichard RodgersDavid SmithOliver SmithIsaac StemGeorge Stevens, SrJame, Johnson SweeneyOtto WittmannMinoru YamasakiStanley Youn

PRESIDENTIAL TASK FORCE

ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES(Appointed by President Reaganon June 5, 1981)

Charlton Hesto- ':o-Chairman for the ArtsHanna H. Gray, Co-Chairman for the HumanitiesDaniel J. lerra, Co-Chairman for the GovernmentW. Bamabas McHenry, Vice Chairman

Margo Albert* Arthur MitchellEdward Banfield Franklin D MurphyAnne Bass David Packard

Daniel I Boorstin Edmund P PillsburyWilliam G Bowen George C Roche IllJoseph Coors Richard Mellon SoukArmand S Deutsch Franklin J. Schaffner

Virginia Duncan Beverly Sills

Robert Fryer Lenard L SilversteinHenry Geldzahler Robert I. Smith

Gordon Hanes Roger L Stevens

Nancy Hanks John E Swearingen

Paul Hanna Rawlelgh Warner, Jr.

Ernest J. Kump Lucien WulsinJune Noble LarkinRobert M LumianskyAngus MacDonaldNancy Mehra

Deceased 5351

PRESIDENT'S CONVIITTEE

ON THEARTS AND THE HUMANITIES(As of September 1985)

Andrew Heiskell, ChairmanArmand S Deutsch, CoVice ChairmanW. Barnabas McHenry, CoVice Chairman

Frank Hodsoll

Robert McC. AdamsCaroline Leonetti AhmansonJames A Baker, IIIDavid William BeimTerrell II BellWilliam J. BennettDaniel J BoorstinSidney F Brody"J Caner BrownC:zrald P CarmenSchuyler G. ChapinWillem P ClarkLloyd E GreenCharles A. Dana, j.Susan L DavisJoan Kent DillonStanley M FrehlingRobert FryerTerence C GoldenNancy Hanks"Donald Hodel

Former Member" Deceased

Executive CommitteeExecutive CommitteeExecutive CommitteeExecutive Committee

Ignacio E. Lozano, Jr

Karen MunroGabnele MurdockFranklin D MurphySusan E. PhillipsDonald T. Regan*

Arthur SchultzS. Dillon Ripley*Leonard L SilversteinFrancis Aibeit SinatraFrank StantonRoger L. StevensDonald M StewartLloyd M. TaggartDaniel J TerraLilla TowerRawleigh Warner, Jr.

James G. Watt*Charles Z WickIsabel Brown Wilson

RECIPIENTS OFPRESIDENTIAL AWARDS FOR SERVICE

TO THE ARTS(Awards presented by President Reagan

on May 17, 1983)

Cleveland FoundationDayton Hudson FoundationPhilip JohnsonElma LewisJames MichenerCzeslaw Milosz

'52

Philip Mortis, IncFrank Ste'laThinico Philanthropic FoundationL is ValdezFrederica Von Stade

Pinchas Zulcemtan

54

fG

NATIONAL ENDOWMENTFOR THE ARTS

20Th ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE

Nancy Reagan, Honorary ChaimianCharlton Heston, Chairman

Manan AndersonLivingston L Biddle, JrAnthony BlissAlbert Bust. nrownP?nrY.1 CauthenVan ClibumKenneth 120-,ionAgnes de MilleRichaul DiebenkorrClint E.:gr oodMartin FriedmanLawrence HalphiiHelen HayesRichard HuntJames Earl JonesEleanor Lambert

Gregory PeckWilliam L PereiraHarold PrinceJerome RobbinsRudolf SerkinBeverly SillsIsaac StemRoger L Steven;Billy TaylorEdward VillellaEudora WeltyDolores WhartonRobert WiseJessie A. VJoodsJames Wyrth

NATIONAL MEDAL OFARTS AWARDEFS(Medal, given by President Reaganon April 23, 1985)

Elliott Cook Caner, JrDorothy Buffum ChandlerRalph EllisonJose Vicente FerrerMartha GrahamHallmark Cards

53

Lincolr KusteinPaul MeIcAlLorise NevelsonGeorgia O'KeeffeLeontyne PriceAlice 'Wily

55

CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE

NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ARTS(As of September 1985)

Frank Hodsoll, Chairman

Kurt Herbert Adler Samuel LipmanNorman B Champ, Jr Talbot MacCarthyC Douglas Dillon Toni MorrisonAllen Drury Carlos MoseleyJoseph Epstein Jacob NeuinerHelen Frankenthaler I M. PeiMartha Graham Lloyd RichardsMargaret Hillis boa RogersCeleste Holm George SchaeferArthur I. Jacobs Robert StackRobert Joffrey William L Van AlenM Ray Kingston James WoodRaymond Learsy

FORME! MEMBERS OF MENATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ARM(19654985)

Maurice AbravanelMargo AlbertKahan AndersonMauro ArroyoElizabeth AshleyJames BarnettThomas BerginRobert BerksLeonard BernsteinTheodore BikelAnthony BlissAngus BowmerWillard BoydDavid BnnklevRichard F BrownAlbert BushBrownHenry J. CauthenVan ClibumJean DalrympleHal C DavisKenneth DaytonAgnes de MilleRene d'HamoncounJ. C Dickinson, Jr.Richard C DiebenkomCharles EamesClint EastwoodWilliam EellsDuke EllingtonRalph EllisonPaul EngleLet.nard L. FarberO'Neil FordMartin FriedmanVirginia B. GentySandra HaleLawrence HalprinR Philip Hanes JrHuntington HartfordRev Gilbert Hartke, 0Helen HayesCharlton HestonRichard HuntJudith JamisonRuth Caner JohnsonJames Earl JonesHerman David KeninEleanor LambenJacob LawrenceWarner LawsonHarper LeeErich Lein.sdorfBernard Lopez

Decea-ed

jimilu MasonCharles McWhorterRobert MerrillGregory PeckWilliam L PereiraSidney PokierHarold PrinceJerome RobbinsJames D RobertsonRichard RodgersMaureen RogersJames RosenquistRosalind RussellFranklin SchaffnerThomas SchippersGunther SchullerRudolf SalimGeorge SeyboltRobert ShawBeverly SillsDavid Smith'Oliver SmithJohn SteinbeckIsaac SternGeorge Stevens, Sr.Geraldine StutzJames Johnson SweeneyBiily TaylorEdward MeliaE. Leland WebberHarry WieseDonald WeismanEudora WeltyDolores WhartonNancy WhiteAnne Potter WilsonRobert WiseOtto WitunannJessie Woods

P James WyethRosalind W WymanMinoru YamasaluStanley Youngs

55

ChairmenRoger L. StevensNancy HanksLivingston ' Biddle, Jr

57