DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 094 190 CE 001 711

AUTHOR McFarland, Barry P.TITLE Job Analysis of the Medical Service Career Field.

Interim Report. August 1, 1972-June 1, 19V3.INSTITUTION Air Force Human Resources Lab., Lackland AFB, Tex.

Occupational Research Div.REPORT NO AFEVL-TR-73-36PUB DATE Jan 74.NOTE 18p.; Pages 10 and 14 are marginally legible

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS Cluster Analysis; *Health Personnel; Health Services;

*Job Analysis; Job Skills; Medical Services;*Military Personnel; Nursing; Occupational Clusters;Occupational Information; *Occupational Surveys;Statistical Data; *Task Analysis

IDENTIFIERS Air Force; *Medical Corpsman

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to complete a job

analysis of the Air Force's Medical Service Career Field. This is thefirst in a series of reports designed to compare and makerecommendations concerning the role of the Nurse and Medical Corpsmanin the Air Force's health care delivery system. A sample of 1,996airmen in the Medical Service Career Field was used for the analysis.The data were analyzed by use of the Comprehensive Occupational DataAnalysis Programs (CODAP). Meaningful job types were identified, andrecommendations for changing the structure of the Medical ServiceCareer Ladder were made based on the occupational analysis. (Includedare diagrams of major clusters and job types and two appendixes ofstatistics on task performance and task differences.) (Author/BP)

AIR FORCE Thl

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AFHR TR-73.36

JOB ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE CAREER FIELD

By

Barry P. McFarland, 1st Lt, USAF

OCCUPATIONAL RESEARCH DIVISIONLack land Air Force Base, Texas 78236

January 1974

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION 8 WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODLICED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

0O

AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMANDBROOKS AIR FORCE BASE,TEXAS 78235

NOTICE

When US Government drawings, specifications. or other data are usedfor any purpose other than a definitely related Governmentprocurement operation, the Government thereby incurs noresponsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that theGovernment may have formulated, furnished, or in any way suppliedthe said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded byimplication or otherwise, as in any manner licensing the holder or anyother person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission tomanufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any waybe related thereto.

This interim report was submitted by Occupational Research Division,Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Lack land Air Force Base,Texas 78236, under project 7734, with the Hq, Air Force HumanResources Laboratory (AFSC), Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235.

This report has been reviewed and cleared for open publication and/orpublic release by the appropriate Office of Information (01) inaccordance with AFR 190-17 and DoDD 5230.9. There is no objectionto unlimited distribution of this report to the public at large, or byDDC to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).

This technical report has been reviewed and approved.

RAYMOND E. CHRISTAL, ChiefOccupational Research Division

Approved for publication.

HAROLD E. FISCHER, Colonel, USAFCo mmander

UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEREAD INSTRUCTIONS

BEFORE COMPLETING FORM1. REPORT NUMBER

AFHRL-TR-73.36

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO, 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE (and Subtitle)

JOB ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE CAREER FIELD

5. TYPE OF REPORT 8 PERIOD COVERED

Interim 1 Aug 72 - 1 Jun 73

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(a)

Barry P. McFarland, 1st Lt, USAF

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(a)

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESSOccupational Research DivisionAir Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFSC)Lackland AFB, Texas 78236

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA 8 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

77340115

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

Hq Air Force Human Resources LaboratoryBrooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235

12. REPORT DATE

January 197413. NUMBER OF PAGES

18

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(lf different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thin report)

Unclassified

I5a. DECLASSIFICATION /DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, if different from Report)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

This research was carried out under Project 7734, Development of Methods for Describing, Evaluating andStructuring Air Force Occupations; Task 773401, Development of Methods for Collecting, Analyzing and ReportingInformation Describing Air Force Specialties.(Continued on reverse side)

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number)

cluster analysis Medical Service Career FieldCODAP occupational analysishierarchical groupingjob typesmedical personnel

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side If necessary and Identify by block number)

The purpose of this study was to complete a job analysis of the Air Force's Medical service Career Field. This isthe first in a series of reports designed to compare and make recommendations concerning the role of the Nurse andMedical Corpsman in the Air Force's health care delivery system. A sample of 1,996 airmen in the Medical ServiceCareer Field (AFSC 902X0, 90292) was used for the analysis. The data were analyzed by use of the ComprehensiveOccupational Data Analysis Programs (CODAP). Meaningful job types were identified and recommendations forchanging the structure of the Medical Service Career Ladder were made based on the occupational analysis.

DDFORM

1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETEI JAN 73 UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEOMen Data Entered)

18. Supplementary Notes (continued)The job inventory for the Medical Service Career Field was constnicted and administered by Lifson, Wilson,

Ferguson, and Winick, Inc., under contract F41609-70-C.0043 monitored by the Air Force Human ResourcesLaboratory's Occupational Research Division (7734-01-12).

Consolidated descriptions of job type groups, together with other pertinent printout data, are available toqualified requesters on a loan basis from the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory's Occupational ResearchDivision/PEOA, Lackland AFB, Texas 78236.

UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 'THIS PAGE(When Dora Entered)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

Definition of Utilization FieldDefinition of Occupational AnalysisThe Job Inventory

II. Identification of Job Types

III. Results

Emergency Services - OutpatientWard Services Cluster - InpatientOB Ward-Inpatient - GRP 64Administrative Services ClusterAir Evacuation - GRP 151Other Patient Services - GRP 21Central Sterile Supply - GRP 13

GRP 123GRP 268

Inpatient GRP 55

IV. Discussion

References

Appendix A. Primary Tasks Performed by Major Clusters

Appendix B. Task Difference Description Between Groups 132 and 268

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure

Page

3

333

4

4

45

5

6667

7

11

13

15

Page1 Diagram of Major Clusters and Job Types 9

LIST OF TABLES

Table, Page1 "'Distribution of Sample Across Major Air Commands 8

2 Distribution of Duty AFSC's For Total Sample 8

3 Grade Distribution of Total Sample 8

4 Task Description for GRP 1-Total Sample 10

5 Descriptive Task Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters 11

6 Descriptive Background Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters 11

1

JOB ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE CAREER FIELD

I. INTRODUCTION

This study is part of a comprehensiveexperimental program developed in cooperationwith the Nursing Resources Study Group ap-pointed by the Air Force Surgeon General. TheNursing Reiources Study Group was interested inthe survey as a source of quantitative, AirForce-wide information on Air Force nurse andmedical service specialties for use in determiningcurrent and future Air Force nurse requirements.This report is the first of a series of reportsdesigned to analyze the commonality of tasksperformed by Air Force nursing and medicalservice personnel. The purpose of this report wasto describe the occupational analysis of a sampleof 1,996 airmen in the medical Service CareerField and to place their jobs into meaningful jobtypes. Reports describing the job analysis ofnursing personnel are currently in various stages ofcompletion. The final report of this series willconsist of a comprehensive comparison of tasksperformed by Air Force nursing and medicalservice personnel with emphasis on possiblerecommendations for management in regard todelineation of duties and responsibilities withinthe current structure of the Air Force health caredelivery systems.

Definition of Utilization Field

The Medical Service Utilization Field includesthe Medical Service Specialist, AFSC 90230/50,the Medical Service Technician, AFSC 90270, andthe Medical Service Superintendent, AFSC 90292.According to AFM 39-1, the Medical ServiceSpecialist "Performs technical 'nursing dutiesinvolved in the care and treatment of patients;assists with patient movements by air evacuationand ambulance; and assists with nonflying physicalexaminations." The 7- and 9-skill level descriptionsrequire administrative and supervisory experienceand assign greater responsibility for independentduty. The Medical Service Specialist is required tointeract and coordinate with patients, physicians,and nurses to provide a comprehensive, high-quality patient care service.

Definition of Occupational Analysis

The Air Force method of occupational analysismakes use of Air Force-wide job surveys for thecollection of quantitative data directly from jobincumbents who describe their job within thespecialty area. In completing the job survey, each

3

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incumbent supplies identification and backgrounddata and checks those tasks which are part of hispresent job. He then rates the tasks he checked ona 7-point scale, indicating the relative amount oftime spent on each task compared to all othertasks performed. The ratings range from 1 (verymuch below average) to 7 (very much aboveaverage) with 4 being a mid-point (about average).

The techniques for conducting occupationalsurveys and analysis are reported in a series ofresearch reports dating back to 1958. Past researchand continuing experience with survey dataderived from the job task inventory indicate thatthis technique produces highly reliable informa-tion about existing Air Force jobs.

Air Force occupational surveys are authorizedunder AFM 35-2, Occupational Analysis, and arepart of the Air Force Personnel Testing Program.The computer analysis system, Compreb..:nsiveOccupational Data Analysis Programs (CODAP),developed for use in the analysis of occupationalsurvey data consists of almost 50,000 programinstructions and is fully documented only intechnical systems manuals.

The Job Inventory

The job inventory was constructed using thegeneral procedures described by Morsh and Archer(1967). The inventory consisted of 600 taskstatements grouped under 11 duty headings. Ofthe 600 tasks, 575 tasks were identical orequivalent to task statements used in the NurseUtilization Field Job Inventory, AFPT80-97XX-011. The other 25 tasks were unique tothe Medical Service Utilization Field and notperformed by nurses. The biographical informa-tion included in the survey was kept as similar aspossible to the Nurse Utilization Field Inventory.

The job inventory was administered in accord-ance with AFM 35-2 at each Air Force base andapproximately 2,800 completed survey bookletswere returned for analysis. From the 2,800returns, 1,996 cases were randomly selected forinclusion in the job-type analysis. The 1,996sample size was used because of existing samplesize restrictions in the present computing capa-bility of the CODAP system on the IBM 7040computer. Distributions of cases selected byCommand, Duty AFSC, and Grade are included inTables 1, 2, and 3.

II. IDENTIFICATION OF JOB TYPES

As a first step in the analysis, the computerconverts each individual's relative time-spentresponses (1-7 scale) to percent time ratings. Toobtain the percent time ratings, all of anincumbent's time-spent ratings are summed andthe total is assumed to represent 100 percent ofhis time spent on the job. Each rating is divided bythe total and the quotient multiplied by 100 togive a percent time spent estimate on each task,For the purpose of organizing jobs into similarunits of work, an automated job-clusteringcomputer program was used. This hierarchical-grouping program (Christal & Ward, 1967) is thebasic part of the CODAP system for job analysis.The computer compares each individual with everyother individual in the sample in terms of percenttime spent on each and every task in theinventory . The computer locates the two personswith the most similar jobs and combines them toform a group with a composite job description. Insuccessive stages, the program adds other membersto this group or forms new groups based onsimilarity in the percent of time spent on tasksdescription. This procedure is continued until allindividuals and groups are combined to form asingle group. At each stage of the grouping processan index of homogeneity is calculated. This index,percentage of work overlap of group members, isexplained by Archer (1966). The index is anestimate of the overlap of work that would beexpected if a member of the group was randomlyreassigned to a job in that same group.

A diagram of the results of the hierarchicalgrouping procedures are included in Figure 1. Eachgroup is identified by a group number indicatingthe stage in the program during which the groupwas formed, the overlap value, and number ofsubjects in the group. For example, GRP 001 wasformed at group stage 1, the last stage of thegrouping program. The overlap at this stage is 0.3percent. There are 1,996 individuals in the group.Since it is the last stage, this is equivalent to thetotal sample.

For those designated groups, the raw data fromboth the background information and task listingwere converted into a form more readilyinterpretable for identifying job types. Reportsobtained included background variables withdescriptive statistics for quantifiable data and listsof tasks with percent members performing, andaverage percent time values for each task. Extractsfrom the task list report for GRP 001 appear inTable 4. Additional reports, identifying thedifferences in those tasks performed by the major

4

job types and the identification of the primarytasks performed by each job type, are included inAppendix A and B.

III. RESULTS

Table 5 presents data for each of the majorclusters and subclusters from the task inventory,including the number of members in each group,and the number of tasks representing 25, 50, and100 percent of total group work time.

In spite of the wide variance in number of tasksappearing in the different percentages of the job, itis interesting to note that no group claimed toperform all of the tasks in the inventory. Bycomparing the data indicating the number of tasksthat represent a given percent of time for the totaljob, it is clear that GRP's 123, 268, and 55 havethe more heterogeneous duties. That is, theyperform a much wider variety of tasks than any ofthe other groups represented.

Table 6 presents data from the backgroundsection of the survey for the major clusters andsubclusters, including grade, percent assigned inCONUS, average education level, average numberof pieces of equipment the incumbent is familiarwith., job interest and felt utilization of talents andtraining. The administrative cluster (GRP 55), asexpected, had an extremely high grade structure.Less expected was the high average grade of thoseindividuals assigned to the air evacuation squad-rons. The lowest average grade for a group is theOB ward cluster, who also show lesser values ofjob interest and felt-utilization of talents andtraining. The emergency services group falls inabout the mid-range of the groups in gradestructure, but report the most job interest and feltutilization. In contrast members of the centralsterile supply group, who also fall in the mid-rangeof grades, have the lowest values for job interestand felt utilization. Note that there is nosignificant difference between the average educa-tion level of any of these groups.

Brief summary descriptions are presented foreach of the major clusters and subclusters, in orderfrom left to right in Figure 1. Each job cluster isidentified by both the group number and itsrespective title.

Emergency Services - Outpatient GRP 123

As indicated in Table 6, members of this groupreported a great deal of job interest and feel wellutilized in their career field. They perform a

relative wide range of tasks and are familiar with awide assortment of equipment. The cluster isdivided into three subclusters, as indicated inFigure 1. These subclusters represent individualsassigned to the emergency room and ambulancesection, to outpatient clinics, and supervisors ofthese two groups. Listed as follows are represent-ative tasks performed by the emergency servicecluster:

Apply bandages

Change dressings

Administer first -aid.

Take and record blood pressures

Answer telephone calls for or from patients orhospital staff members

Clean and maintain equipment

Remove sutures

Take and record pulses, temperatures andrespirations

Suture lacerations

Administer intramuscular medications

Approximately 90 percent of the cluster performeach of these tasks and these 10 tasks representover 10 percent of the time spent by the entirecluster. To summarize the job of the emergencyservice cluster, they are the first line of healthcare. They see the patient when he first arrives fortreatment. The tasks these specialists performrequire a great deal of responsible, professionalhealth care. It is probably because of thisresponsibility that the emergency service clusterdoes show such a high degree of job interest andfelt utilization of talent and training.

Ward Services Cluster - Inpatient GRP 268

As indicated in Table 5, this group performs awider variety of tasks than any other group. Theaverage grade is only 3.4, which is in the lowerrange of all groups. From Figure 1 it can be seenthat the ward services cluster is broken into twosubclusters: the general ward corpsman and thespecial ward corpsman. The special ward corpsmanis usually identified with one single specialty ward,such as pediatrics, psychiatry, air evacuationstaging squadron, or surgery, while the generalcorpsman was usually assigned to a generalmedicine ward. Listed as follows are representativetasks performed by the ward services cluster:

Take and record pulses, temperatures andrespirations

5

Take and record blood pressures

Collect food trays or serving units

Make beds

Administer bedpans or urinals

Clean patient care unit

Clean ward utility room

Collect and label specimens such as urine, feces,or sputum from patients

Clean and maintain equipment

Measure and record intake and output

An average 94 percent of all members in the wardservices cluster perform each of these tasks. Thetasks listed account for just over 9 percent of thetotal percent time represented by the entirecluster. To summarize the duties of the wardservices personnel, they monitor progress ofinpatients, provide custodial care for these pa-tients, and perform most of the janitorial duties onthe ward.

In the comments section of the job surveymany individuals who were assigned as wardcorpsmen commented that they were not givenenough responsibility and spent too much timeperforming janitorial duties. This probably ac-counts for the ratings obtained for the feltutilization and job interest for this group.

OB Ward-Inpatient - GRP 64

The OB ward subcluster, as indicated in Table6, had the lowest average grade of any of themajor clusters or subclusters. They also fell intothe lower range on the job interest and felt utili-zation scales. Their job descriptions indicate thattheir jobs are a great deal more homogeneous thaneither the Emergency Service Group or the WardServices Group. (See Table 5, average number oftasks performed and the number of tasks thataccount for 25 percent of their time spent) Apartial list of representative tasks performed bythis subcluster includes:

Take and record pulses, temperatures andrespirations

Take and record blood pressures

Collect food trays or serving units

Clean patient care unit

Make beds

Clean ward utility room

Clean and maintain equipment

Fold or count linen

Perform general housekeeping duties

Answer telephone calls for or from patients orhospital staff members.

These taks represent over 18 percent of the totaltime spent by this group with an average ofapproximately 78 percent of the members per-forming each of these tasks. Note the greatsimilarity between these tasks and those listed forthe Ward services group. The primary` differencebetween the two groups is that the OB Wardsubcluster spends more time performing janitorialtasks and a few specialized tasks common only tothe care of female patients and the delivery ofbabies. The comments section from members ofthe OB ward subcluster was very similar to thatreported for the ward services. The medical servicespecialists assigned to the 013 Ward desire moreresponsibility and interaction with the patientthan they are currently afforded.

Administrative Services Cluster - Inpatient GRP 55

The members of the Administrative ServicesCluster feel well utilized and are interested in theirjobs (Table 6). They perform a wide range of tasksand Are familiar with a wide variety of equipment.Most of this can be accounted for by the higheraverage grade of this cluster, which indicates moreexperience and a greater career commitment. Mostof the members of this group are in at least theirsecond enlistment and many are in their third,fourth, or fifth enlistment. As can be seen inFigure 1, the cluster consists of two subclusters.One cluster consists of individuals who are as-signed to the nursing services section of thehospital, the other is the ward supervisors orNCOICs. The vast majority of the time spent bythis group is in monitoring and supervising theperformance of other Medical Service Specialistsor performing hospital administrative functions.They have little direct patient contact. A repre-sentative list of tasks performed are listed asfollows:

Answers telephone calls for or from patients orhospital staff members.

Supervise 902X0 or 902X2 personnel

Determine work priorities

Counsel personnel on personal problems

Counsel personnel on performance evaluationsor standards

Direct or supervise utilization of equipment andsupplies

6

Evaluate performance of Medical Servicepersonnel

Coordinate work activities with other sections

Develop or inrove work methods or proce-dures

Direct or supervise housekeeping activities

These tasks represent over 10 percent of the timespent by this group, with an average of 83 percentof all members in the group performing each ofthese tasks.

Unlike the supervisor subcluster identified inthe emergency service group, these supervisors donot provide any health care directly to the patient.Their jobs consist primarily of clerical and admin-istrative types of tasks.

Air Evacuation - GRP 151

This was a relatively small subcluster of seniorNCOs who may be misclassified and would bemore accurately assigned with AFSC 901X0,Aeromedical Specialist. These individuals appar-ently do fly with the Aeromediad EvacuationSquadrons. A list of representative taks performedby this subcluster includes:

Perform preflight check of patient care area onaeromedical aircraft

Enplane or deplane patients during aeromedicalevacuation

Serve inflight meals

Prepare aircraft to receive patients

Supervise enplaning or deplaning patients

Prepare medical supplies or equipment foraeromedical evacuation

Supervise the onloading, securing, or off-loading of aeromedical supplies or equipment

Supervise

medical equipment prior to take-off

Supervise preparation of aircraft to receivepatients

Plan or provide nursing care in flight.

Each of these tasks is performed by 100 per-cent of the group members and the tasks represent21 percent of the total time spent by the entiregroup.

Other Patient Services - GRP 21

This group consists of three rather heteroge-neous subclusters. Note in Figure 1 that theoverlap for the cluster is only 13 percent which issignificantly smaller than any of the other major

clusters. Two of the clusters, physical examinationand allergy and immunization, are clearly out-patient job types while the third, reception, isperformed in both outpatient and inpatient jobtypes. Reception includes admitting clerks, forhospitals as well as receptionist at outpatientclinics. The physical examination and allergy andimmunizations subclusters can be generally classi-fied as well-patient clinic functions. There is nosingle set of representative tasks that can describethe entire cluster. Note from Table 6 that jobinterest and felt utilization of this group is in thelower range of the clusters listed. This most likelyis due to the highly repetitive nature of the tasksperformed by this group. This hypothesis isfurther supported by Table 5 which shows thatjust 38 tasks comprise. SO percent of the total timespent by the cluster. This is especially impressivewhen you consider the diversity of job typesincluded in this cluster.

Central Sterile Supply - GRP 13

This is a small subcluster whose primary tasksconsist of sterilizing instruments, and maintainingadequate equipment and supplies for the wards.They have little or no patient contact. Theyperform only few tasks that account for most oftheir time and do not feel well utilized nor showmuch job interest. Representative tasks for thisgroup include:

Prepare items for sterilization

Sterilize instruments

Sterilize supplies

Operate distillation equipment

These four tasks represent more than 20percent of the total time spent by the group; eachis performed by an average of 80 percent of themembers. Excluding those tasks related to sterili-zation activities, the tasks performed by this groupmore closely resemble the job of a MedicalMaterial Specialist (AFSC 915X0) than theMedical Service Specialist. Because of the smallernumber of individuals in this group and the lack ofcommonality of the tasks performed, excludingthe three sterilization tasks, it is impossible tomake any conclusive recommendations about thisjob cluster.

IV. DISCUSSION

Nearly all of the major clusters presented inFigure 1 could be clearly dichotomized on thebasis of the type of patient receiving the care (i.e.,inpatient or outpatient). The outpatient clustersinclude GRP 123, Emergency Services, and most

7

of GRP 21, Other Patient Services. Their role inhealth care is to provide either emergency services(suturing lacerations, applying casts), or mainte-nance care (giving physical exams and givingallergy and immunization shots). The inpatientclusters include GRP 268, Ward Services, GRP 64,OB Ward, GRP 55, Administrative Services, and asmall segment of GRP 21, Other Patient Services.The role of the inpatient care groups appears to betwo-fold; first, they monitor the recovery ofpatients and second, they are responsible for muchof the hospital administration.

The differences between tasks performed bythe inpatient groups versusthe outpatient groupsis very clear and dramatic. Representative differ-ences between GRP 123 (Outpatient) and GRP268 (Inpatient) are presented in Appendix B.These two groups represent 60 percent of the totalsample and are most representative of the techni-cal (non-administrative) tasks performed by first-term (78 percent of these groups are first-termairmen).

Having observed the noticeable differences intasks performed by the Medical Service Specialistassigned to Inpatient Services versus OutpatientServices, it is necessary to consider the impact ofdividing the medical service career field into twoshredouts, one for outpatient and one for inpa-tient.

First, consider the impact on patient care.Because the tasks performed in the Medical ServiceCareer Field are technical in nature, the individualassigned to the Inpatient Services for one tour andthen to Outpatient Services is faced with having torelearn many skills he has lost since technicalschool training and, in addition, he must learn newprocedures developed since his origbaal schooling.Because of the rapid development in the area ofthe health services, a second process is also takingplace when the individual switches from one ofthese groups to the other. His previously learnedskills are becoming obsolete. This technicalobsolescence means that, if required to return tothe job of his original assignment, he will not onlyhave to relearn many skills that naturally perishfrom disuse but also learn totally new technicalskills and procedures. This continuous learning andrelearning cycle means the patient is not receivingthe same quality level of services that could beprovided if the Medical Services Career Ladderwere divided into outpatient and inpatientshredouts.

It is also expected that providing inpatient-outpatient shredouts for the Medical ServiceCareer Ladder would produce more job interestand felt utilization by members of this career field.

The airmen would have inure job stability acrossassignments, yet each shredout would still possesssufficient variability to allow the individual toperform a wide range of tasks. The most commoncomment made by Medical Service personnelsurveyed related to the dissatisfaction of beingreassigned to either outpatient or inpatient serviceafter having completed a tour in the other. Theirconsensus was that cross service reassignment wasa waste of talent and experience, and it appears tobe the major irritant within the career field. Bycreating separate shredouts this irritant should beeither eliminated or significantly reduced.

Other frequently stated comments were: (a) theMedical Services Specialist is not given enoughresponsibility for inpatient care, and (h) they werefrequently delegated janitorial tasks with littleopportunity to interact with either patients orprofessional medical personnel. Thus, they werenot afforded the opportunity to learn on the jobnor perform the tasks they were trained toperform. The first complaint, while worthy ofnote, may alleviate itself.with the advent of an allvolunteer medical force. If there is a reduction inthe number of professional medical personnel, theenlisted, technical personnel would be the natural

Table I. Distribution of Sample Across MajorAir Commands

MC N MC N MC

AAD 27 AFSC 104 PACAF 109ADC 50 ATC 295 SAC 470AFCS 15 AU 43 TAC 324AFLC 75 HQ COMD 50 USAFA 1

AFRES 2 HQ USAF 13 USAFE 117MAC 247 USAFSO 9

UNKNOWN 45

group to take up the slack. From the presentsurvey it appears that they are more than willingto accept any additional responsibility and areeager to learn new tasks to improve patient care.The complaint of being relegated to janitorial tasksmight well he alleviated by increased civilianiza-tion of janitorial services. This must be consideredif the Medical Service Specialist is expected toaccept a greater role in the Air Force health caresystem. The clustering and identification of jobtypes for the Medical Service Utilization Field washighly successful using the Nurses Job Inventory.Using the same inventory for related enlisted andofficer career fields will allow a combined analysisof both fields. This is expected to permit a usefuldifferentiation of jobs and indicate any common-ality of tasks performed by the groups. This typeof informa.ion should provide a significant impactin defining appropriate areas of responsibility,efficient manpower utilization procedures, andimproved satisfaction and retention of bothofficers and NCOs in the Medical Service andNursing career fields. More research is beingaccomplished in directly comparing the officer andenlisted jobs, and these dual comparative analyseswill be reported in succeeding reports.

Table 2. Distribution ot Duty AFSC'sFor Total Sample

AFSC

90230 41790250 1,25990270 27492092 32

Table 3. Grade Distribution of Total Sample

Grade N

El 2E2 100E3 862E4 448E5 293E6 140E7 68E8 20E9 2

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\VI

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PEKt-C.T

7)F

MF10(td.S

prRFir.).P'11N.)

0 -T Sr

Ac

0 181

:;01Y

/ I`,

,;1

IrLL

A,SP'k

P111

,,LL)

;':ON PA111-41J n4 HOSeITAL

S1,.(1

(21

TAKI

iLL.ID 0.'S)ORLS (33-))

o'.hZ

1..5'

1.28

1.24

1.28

2.'32

itOt_ ,4

ilgP"

kfLHLS 440

SP/,\ATIU.iS (331)

03.32

1.3',

1.16

3.hl

E71

CLE,4'4 A:.0 "11(1-11J t,01) EJI (220)

75.35

1.2r,

J.W.

4.JG

B133

Pf:FJ-so. .3L11

H,,USCKEEPIN., DUTIES (;.62)

o7.7:6

:.67

5.45

5

A6u

L:rs_L S,-( iN-4

FILL

L:Al

JR

1.1<( JO Civt% KtOUEST

r 14m,

(',')

(1.7,

1.71

).86

6.31

4101

d2teAmt CoS0LIAIT01 R. JUII..TS

JR L'

(1:1)

,o.13

1.2,

3.45

7.16

Blo

ADMINISTER IiTri'v),C)1

('ICATIC".S

( 165)

7'..7)

1.32

0.72

7.48

63)

APPLY .',11:%,,5 (10 ,)

70.1J

1.1.

0.7..

8.59

8Rd

FOLD Um CUU:I Llyt

(217)

03.qd

1.0"

0.69

9.28

10

t,

7_

CP-0..JE OR, .c.14)S (e1,1

67.23

1.00

0.67

9.95

677

C01_(

LA''L

Cl'-' , )0_ AS U111,, rrLS

SP0T0m

0).51

1.0t

0.66

10.61

FKU

VPATIE.IS (226)

Ebi

TAKE FLL(IT:ILA,(flO0PIP1

(-KG)

(4o J)

59.82

1.11

0.66

11.28

A6

A'S1)T

0.1

r,

I,v PLA-Iu5 FLLCPh0

C1LLS (11)

.J6.93

').60

11.88

Es

74

LL- \:1

,,ATICT1

LA

RE

J11

(21.3)

)3.76

1.1"

0.59

12.47

15

8A

65

INV

IF Wf .'1I-PLIES

(.'5)

56.16

1.1)

r',.59

13.06

A18

CC-110INIATE WITH PHYSIC11, ?Fr;ARDI4, PATIENI

(15)

57.01

1.01

3.59

13.55

B73

CLr. MINOR SUkutmY 1J-

-xAMI4AIION ROOMS (22 2)

X4.01

1.0 i

0.58

14.24

815)

P4'k

i','U

PIIILNIS

PHYSIC I.: PXAMIJATIul

57.06

.99

1.56

14.6:

TRE4T'1ENT (314)

B176 SET UP U2 LSE CAYot.1 EQUIPMEW (325)

67.93

.82

0.56

15.36

20

13

12 ADMINISTER FIRST AID (161)

61.62

0.91

0.56

15.92

13

25.ADMIIISTER

qAL

(1/4)

64.4d

0.86

0.56

16.47

e134

MAKE BEDS tamFR 111$4

IPOSTOPERATIVE UR R(:01,-.°Y (253)

54.16

1.02

n.55

17.03

A59

INITIATE ,EQUESTS IC CE1TR4L STERILE SUPPLY (59)

57.72

3.94

0.54

17.57

b7o

CLEAN A'ARD UTILITY MOv (725)

) J.65

1.06

0.54

18.11

25

Eu2

FAKE CULTU0-S Ti, ULFFP'"INE THE EXISTF4CF OF

54.36

0.98

0.53

18.64

OISEAS--Pl(PLUCINo 0R0A\TIS s (499)

B177

SET UP oR USE SUL110'4 (:001rL.T (326)

66.23

J.79

0.53

19.16

B76

COLLECT FOCC TRAYS 9P

ERVI'.0 UNITS (227) -

48.5J

1.04

0.52

19.69

A25

COUR011TE WITH 1,./A1.00ASTE2 (NCOIC) REG:AR(.)1u PATIENT

,2.51

).9"

0.52

2U.20

CARt (2))

A81

0R1(-NT

0ATI41S TO H1S.,11.;1_ RULES

-.1.) L'IrILITI:S (81)

53.90

3.9,

0.51

2u.71

30

83

ADN.141,1-.=R

O,cf ,ILS (15/1

54.96

).90

0.50

21.21

C21

AD lIvIJT1-.. '(Jr-CJIAvtoti, .:FoIC:110N) (1761

57.06

).8%

C.48

21.69

B19,

FP'INSPO 'I

01111-NT)

1L1TTr.'S (319)

58.77

3.92

0.48

22.17

d91

5.,..TA.I.AlLo

It

:1AL) (23'1

50.6/

3.4R

22.65

Table 5. Descriptive Task Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters

GroupNumber

Nuof mbmr

Members

AverageNuOf mber

TasksPerformed

Number of Tasks PerformedA Given Percent of Time

25% 50% 100%

GRP 123 521 134.58 29 74 596GRP 268 710 154.14 32 79 598GRP 64 124 58.58 15 41 427GRP 55 186 100.15 28 72 564GRP 151 22 82.82 13 34 322GRP 21 203 34.96 13 38 483GRP 13 32 29.13 6 18 285

Table 6. Descriptive Background Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters

GroupNumber

AverageGrade

AverageEquipmentWith Which

FamiliarAverage

EducationLevel

JobInterest

(1.7 Scale)

FeltUtilization(1.7 Scale)

PercentAssignedCONUS

GRP 123GRP 268GRP 64GRP 55GRP 151GRP 21GRP 13

4.23.43.05.55.63.94.0

26.626.217.333.527.521.822.3

12.812.612.712.712.212.612.6

5.355.074.805.105.274.744.23

4.033.563.043.993.823.182.86

76888587558594

REFERENCES

AF Manual 39- I . Airmen classification manual.Washington, D.C.: Department of the AirForce, 29 December 1969.

AF Manual 35-2. Occupational analysis proceduresfor conducting occupational surveys and AirForce specialty evaluations. Washington, D.C.:Department of the Air Force, 9 July 1968.

Archer, W.B. Comp.,:;tation of group job descrip-tions from occupational survey dataPRL-TR-66-12, AD-653 543. Lackland AFB,Tex.: Personnel Research Laboratory, Aero-space Medical Division, December 1966.

Christal, R.E., & Ward, J.H., Jr. The MAXOFclustering model. In M. Lorr & S.B. Lyerly(Eds.), Proceedings of the conference on clusteranalysis of multivariate data. New Orleans, La.:Catholic University of America, June 1967,11.02-11.45.

Morsh, J.E., & Archer, W.B. Procedural guide forconducting occupational surveys in the UnitedStates Air Force. PRL-TR-67-11, AD-664 036.Lackland AFB, Tex.: Personnel ResearchLaboratory, Aerospace Medical Division,September 1967.

.

APP

EN

DIX

A: P

RIM

AR

Y T

ASK

S PE

RFO

RM

ED

BY

MA

JOR

CL

UST

ER

S

PRIMARY JOB TYPE ICENTIFIERS SELECTEE', BY PERCENT OF MEMBERS PERFORMING

PRIJOB MAJOR CLUSTERS

0Y-TSK

DESCRIPTION

GRP123

GRP064

GRP151

GRP:13

GRP26B

GRP055

G170021

A2 ANSWER TELEPHONE CALLS FUR OR FROM PATIENTS OR HOSPITAL

85

979

88

32

76

31

STAFF MEMBERS (2)

A6 ASSIST PATIENTS IN PLACING TELEPHONE CALLS (6)

62

89

61

53

14

27

13

A21 COORDINATE WORK ACTIVITIES WITH OTHER SECTIONS (211

45

32

381

59

38

38

._..._

A23 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERSONAL PROBLEMS (23)

29

_27

288

36

15

13

A24 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS OR

31

22

287

36

14

9

STANDARDS (241

A29 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES (291

43

38

13

83

41

25

31

A3p DEVELOP OR IMPROVE WORK METHODS OR PROCEDURES (30)

50

46

16

84

50

38

25

A35 DIRECT OR SUPERVISE THE UTILIZATION OF EQUIPMENT AND

41

36

683

32

21

31

SUPPLIES (351

.....

A42 EVALUATE DUTY PERFURMAkE0MEDICALSERVICEOERSON&EL142f

-

29

21

381

41

13

6

A66 LABEL SPECIMENS AND FILL OUT LABORATORY SPECIMEN REQUEST

83

80

56

57

557

16

FORMS (661

A81 ORIENT NEW PATIENTS TO HOSPITAL RULES AND FACILITIES (81)

24

92

51

40

512

0

A82 ORIENT VISITORS TO WARD (82)

12

84

52

3'

13

A ..1UPREPARE.CONSULTATLON REQUESTS OR LAB stAp5_ (lii)

83

66

_31

53

.75

6

83 ADMINISTER BED PANS OR URINALS (152)

33

95

53

20

68

20

_____B

6 ADMINISTER COMPLETE BED BATHS (155)

988

27

11

23

10

B7 ADMINISTER EAR DROPS (156)

81

64

1G

19

45

14

3

88_ADMINISTER EAR IRRIGATIONS (157)

89

50

616

18

20

3B

9 ADMINISTER ENEMAS (158)

46

85

23

16

14

50

pnADMINISTER EYE LROPS (159)

87

75

29

25

45

15

3

811 ADMINISTER EYE IRRIGATIONS (16(0

87

53

16

18

27

11

0'

0_12 ADMINISTER FIRST AID (1611

93

65

15

31

50

30

13

B16 ADMINISTER INTRAMUSCULAR MEDICATIONS (1651

92

83

48

37

55

36

6

019 ADMINISTER IPPB (INTERMITTANT POSITIVE PRESSURE BREATHING)

51

88

34

26

5(

33

THERAPY (1681

.

B25 ADMINISTER ORAL MEDICATIONS (1741

77

87

26

29

68

20

08

26 ADMINISTER PARTIAL BED BATHS (1751

15

89

28

11

23

30

827 ADMINISTER SUBCUTANEOUS MECICATIONS 11761

84

65

13

22

36

25

3

B32 ADMINISTER WOUND IRRIGATIONS (181)

85

65

715

18

53

B33 AMBULATE PATIENTS (182)

35

94

39

13

55

30

835 APPLY BANDAGES (184)

94

88

26

31

50

28

6

13 .41 APPLY coo BY ICE CAP OR COMPRESSES (19C)

7?

89

25

16

27

60

B43 APPLY HEAT BY CRADLE, HOT WATER BOTTLE OR COMPRESSES (192)

38

34

22

15

27

20

B45 APPLY HEAT BY K-PAD OR CHEMICAL HEATING PAD (194)

19

92

35

20

41

13

B .49 APPLY SPLINTS 1198)

84

28

211

910

60

5J ARRANGE FURNITURE IN PATIENT'S NOON (199)

682

47

21

51

C8

56 ASSIST PATIENTS TO TURN, COUGH AND DEEPBREATHE (2-5)

li;

42

28

15

41

13

AL 7J _CHANGE DillaspRis jun

____

_93

87

_ZI_

20

_..5p.

_20

._.

3._

_.

B71 CLEAN AND MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT (2?-)

9:-

91

72

38

55

34

47

(3

73 CLEAN MINOr SURGERY OR EXAMINATION ROOMS (222)

8,:

57

42

17

C27

13

874 CLEAN PATIE4a CARE UNIT (223)

.24

92

81

28.

83

B76 CLEAN WARD UTILITY ROOM (225)

15

94

74

26

:.;

26

B77 COLLECT ANU LABEL SPECIMENS SUCH AS URINE, FECES OR SPUTUM

67

95

65

29

516

C.

FM PATIENTS (2261

_....

_FROM

._.

B73 COLLECT FOCD TRAYS OR SERVING UNITS (227)

595

85

20

36

10

B81 DISPOSE OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS (23'1

56

87

60

29

27

14

25

884 ESCORT PATIENT.; UN AABULANCE RUNS (233)

82

58

2:.

18

..

20

13

887 FEEL INCAV.%CITUEL) PaNNTS (236)

792

27

10

68

10

IL

88 FOLD OR COUNT LINEt4 (237)

64

85

73

34

527

38

B()

GIVE BACK GIBS (239)

lc

82

23

736

10

89v INSTRUCT PATIENTS IN CRJTC.i WALKING (248)

82

41

28

55

3

B 1,:4 MAKE BEDS OTHER IHAN POSTOPi,RATIvE cR RECOvFY (253)

27

94

77

25

23

33

B 106 MAKE POSTOPH:AFIvL OR R-E0vERY BEDS (2551

586

52

17

r:

03

B 112 MEASURE ANO RECGRU INTAKE ANU OUTPUT (261)

12

93

57

2Q

45

10

B 119. OBSERVE AND REPORT CHANGES IN CONDITION OF PATIENTS (268)

45

84

49

26

36

76..

B 122 ORGANIZE OR RESTOCK INTRAVENOUS CART OR TRAY (271)

60

81

41

21

51

13

B 133 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING DUTIES (?2)

74

85

6G

38

45

36

19

B 134 PERFORM ISOLATION OX REVERSE ISOLATION TECHNIQUE (283)

13

84

36

17

5:i

26

B 135 PERFORM ORAL HYGIENE (24)

12

82

99

36

10

8 138 PERFORM POSTCPERAIIV'c CARE (297)

13

63

26

17

,1

:

8 148 PERFORM URINE TEST FUR SUGAR, ACETONE OR ALBUMIN (297)

5:'

88

4::

20

36

11

0B 168 SERVE BETWEEN -MEAL NOURISHMENT TO PATIENTS 13171

285

45

1"

59

0G

8 169 SERVE PkESC:i1BED DIETS TO ..,ATIENTS (318)

285

49

16

55

00

B 176 SET UP OR USE OXYGEN EQUIPMENT (325)

81

91

58

32

73

831

B 177 SET UP CR USE SUCTION EQUIPMENT (326)

8.

89

55

28

73

634

8 181 TAKE ANC RECORD 6LO0D PRESSURES (33u)

96

97

89

50

82

78

16

___8. 182_TAKE AND RESORU PULSES, TEMPERATURES AND RESPIRATIOAS (331)

9'.

97

94

48

77

67

16

,.,_

E13 DE8RIDE WOUNDS (41

183

26

17

63

E62 TAKE CULTURES In DETERMINE THE EXISTENCE OF

84

53

27

31

u32

6

-DISEASE- PRCGUCi'G ORGANISMS (459)

E63 TAKE ELECTA1CARDIOGRAPH (EKG) TRACINGS (46

)R3

66

16

28

14

44

13

F8 PREPARE ITEMS FOR STERILIZATION (473)

41

34

58

19

95

91

_F ,__.9_5TERILILE INSTRUMENTS (474)

32

23

52

15

95

84

Fr STERILIZE SUPPLIES (475)

V.,

21

51

14

93

84

G..22 REMOVE SUTURS (497)

92

49

616

519

9

G27 SUTURE LACERATIONS (5t'2)

88

15

18

57

9

J5 COORDINATE WITh FLIGHT CREI, CONCERNING SUCH ITEMS AS

22

11

86

r..'

FLIGHT PLAN CR MISSION REQUIREMENTS (552)

_____,I.

"ENPLANE OR DEPLANE PATIENTS _DURING 4EROMEDICAL

29

19

55

ICL.

39

EVACUATION (554)

J_

9 UNLOAD CR CFFLOAD BAGGAGE GORING AEROMEDICAL

21

15

22

I',

36

EVACUATION (556)

J1,) OPERATE INFLIGHI Ei47RGE%CY JXYGFN SYSTEMS (5571

21

195

3

J11 PERFORM PREFLIGHT CHECK OF PATIENT CARE AREA ON

11

02

I.'-r

3

......

_.

AEROMEDICAL 4Ik.CRAFT (558)

J12 PLAN OR PRCVIDE NURSING CARE IN FLIGHT (559)

11

c.

11 _

n3

J.

13 PREPARE AIRCRAFT TO RECEIVE PATIENTS (56'i)

11

0.3

1C%

03

J14 PREPARE ANL GIVC PREFLIGHT BRIEFING TO MEDICAL CREW (561)

11

Z--

186

00

J15 PREPARE MEDICAL SUPPLIES U' EQUIPMLNT FOR AEROMEDICAL

56

11.;..

r6

EVACUATION (562)

_ J .

16 PREPAP.E OR GiVE PREFLIGHT AND INFLIGHT BRIEFINGS TO

14

..

191

0.0

PATIENTS (563)

J22 SECURE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PRIOR Ti TAKE-OFF (569)

22

111.

13

J23 SERvE INFLIGHT MEALS (57 .')

-t.'

11

nlr.".

13

J24 SUPERVISE AIRCRAFT SANITAT11N (571)

00

182

10

1

APPENDIX B. TASK DIFFERENCE DESCRIPTION BETWEEN GROUPS 131 and 265

,IFFERENCE BET,,ELN GRPI21 AND GAP.468

uOlu72 PAGE

I

2.1ROUP DIOFEFiEttmnThvc. 4E2x0 -

*

.:(21,123 MEMBERS =

521 KPATH ORDER FRJM

1TO

521 uROUP STAGE =

123

GRP26b MEMBERS

KPATH ORDER FROM

522 TO 1231 3ROUP STAGE =

268

PERCENT MEMBERS PERFORMING-DIFFERENCE. GRP123 MINUS GRP268

GRP268 PERCENT MEMBERS PERFURMING

GRP123 PERCENI MEMBERS PERFORMING

0 -15K

G 0

G2.

04

E61

TASK TITLE

SU

TU

RE

LA

CE

RA

TIO

NS

(5021

__

PREPARE EMERGENCY REPORTS SUCH AS INJURY. ANIMAL BITE OR

POISONING REPORTS (495)

ADMINISTER LOCAL ANESTHESIA (181)

SUGGEST OR ORDER LABJRATURY Jo X-RAY PROCEDURES FOR

.

89.48

76.79

;:..';

14.51

9.15

6.-1

17.21

73.99

67.62

64.43

61.76

PATIENTS (458)

(;

25

SCREEN OUTPATIENTS TO DETERMINE THEIR CLASSIFICATION OR

64.69

4.65

6'.C4

PRIORITY OF TREATMENT 1500)

837

APPLY CASTS TO THE EXTREMITIES (186)

73.70

16.2-

57.51

E13

OEBRIDE WOUNDS 1410)

82.92

75.77

57.14

844

APPLY SPLINTS (1981

84.26

2b.45

55.61

E66

61211E PRESCRIPTIONS FOR PHYSICIAN SIGNATURE (4651

73.25

15.21

55.:4

517

DRIVE MILITARY VEHICLES IN PE0FURMING MEDICAL

73.7:

1,.67

54.63

DUTIES (4141

E18

IDENTIFY AND MANAGE BURNS (415)

79.65

25.49

54.16

G18

PERFORM MINOR SURGERY (4931

58

5.37

53.85

62

ADMINISTER IMMUNIZATIONS (477)

7 "1.1:

23.66

46.31

8 164

REMOVE PLASTER CASTS (313)

69.87

22.96

46.91

A 117

PREPARE OR MAINTAIN OUTPATIENT RECORDS (1071

65.52

23.24

47.23

E65

G22

TIE OFF UR CLAMP BLEEDERS t4621

REMOVE SUTURES (497)

, 92.13

7.46

49.01

43.78

45.12

E23

IDENTIFY AND MANAGE FRACTURES OR DISLOCATIONS (4171

60.46

14.01

41.45

899

IND.RUC!. PATIENTS IN CRUTCH WALKING (248)

51.96

41.13

10-.83

8 173

SET UP INSTRUMENTS FOR MINOR SURGERY 1322)

78.89

10.17

4.:.72

06

EXPLAIN ANESTHETIC PROCEDURE TO PATIENT (3831

52.12

11.69

4,.33

B8

ADMINISTER EAR IRRIGATIONS (187)

88.87

8.-..14

38.73

E54

PRESCRIBE TREATMENTS (451)

42.42

4.38

38.33

A 1.9

PREPARE OR SUBMIT REPORTS OF TREATMENT (1091

57.97

21.27

36.73

B96

INITIATE REvULSTS FUR DRUGS FROM PHARMACY (245)

56.81

24.42

36.39

B2

ALLUUNT FOR NARCOTICS JR CONTROLLED DRUGS 1151)

45.11-

9.30

_37.81

B 158

PREPARE PRESCRIBED MEDICAIIUNS (3071

62.57

27.46

35.11

,:._

13

DETERMINE IMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTS (468)

:94.9

5.07

34.85

0e..)

MRITE DRUG GROERS AS PRESCRIBED BY PHYSICIAN ANU OBTAIN

51-..",0

34.53

HIS SIGNATURE (3971

B11

_

ADMINISTER EYE IRRIGATIONS (160)

87.14

52.96

34.18

G28

SUTURE SURGICAL INCISIONS (5311

37.62

3.94

33.69

A33

DIRECT UR SUPERVISE THE ADMINISTRWT1ON OF DRUGS (331

48.37

15.35

33.02

E64

TAKE X-RAYS (461)

37.62

4.93

A78

NOTIFY PHYSICIANS OF PATIENT ARRIVALS AND STATUA 1761

71.44

36.45

;21:11

Us

E33

OBTAIN MEDICAL HISTORY FROM PATIENT OR OTHER

54.32

22.68

31.64

INFORMANT (430)

E21

IDENTIFY AND MANAGE SUNSTROKE OR HEAT EXHAUSTION (4181

44.53

13.24

31.29

E19

IDENTIFY ARO MANAGE COLD INJURIES (4161

43.76

12.82

30.95

E62

TAKE CULTURES TO DETERMINE THE EXISTENCE OF

83.88

53.10

30.78

DISEASE-PRODUCING ORGANISMS (4591

B 121

OBTAIN PATIENT U4 FAMILY CONSrNT FUR TREATMENT (27:1

65.83

35.49

3.,..14

8 133

PERFORM EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE (2791

63.72

32.61

34.37

3.80

29.36

____ 28.83

E16

DIAGNOSE PATIENT ILLNESS (413)

B12

___AD MINISTER FIRST AID (161)

93.47

65.07

28.40

E51

SET UP EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN CARDIAC EMERGENCIES (4561

63.92

35.63

26.28

V5

DETERmIqE TYPE OF ANESTHETIC AGENT TO BE USED (3821

32.15

3.=,4

26.11

B 129

PERFORM DRUG INVENTORY (278)

37.04

9.31

26.03

898

INSERT ORAL AIRWAY (247)

61.15

35.35

27.8.:'

111

CONDUCT SICK CALL IN ABSENCE

PHYSICIAN 14381

28.41

2.68

25.71

E51

864

PRESCRIBE MLOICATIOAS (45,

GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (2381

27.:6

68.91

1.69

43.94

21 .) .37

24.96

622

ADMINISTER NARCOTICS (171)

61.23

36.34

24.139

B5

ADmINISIER CJLOSTJMY IRRIGATIONS (154)

8.45

46.48

-38.(3

B 146

PERFORM

TEST FOR SUGAR, ACETONE OR ALBUMIN (297)

7.71.71

86.03

-38.32

9ADMINISTER ENEMAS 1158)

45.87

85.07

-39.20

13119

OBSERVE AND REPORT CHANGES IN CONDITION OF PATIENTS (269)

44.72

83.94

-39.22

CO

A 144

SUPERVISE THE SERVING OF FOOD TO PATIENTS (144)

1.92

42.11

-4).19

rn

APREPARE OR MAINTAIN INP,JIENT RECORDS I1C6)

10.94

51.41

-4,47

1B 154

PREPARE PATIENTS FOR AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION (303)

24.76

66.06

-52.96

-41.30

-41.63

-C3

.11Z

892

IDENTIFY OR CARE FOR POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE (241)

11.32

B 111

MAKE WARD ROUNDS WITH PHYSICIANS (260)

5.76

48.45

-42.69

B 150

PREPARE AND MAINTAIN NURSING CARE PLANS (299)

2.88

48.31

-45.43

3w

855

ASSIST PATIENT WITH POSTURAL DRAINAGE (204)

9.96

55.63

-45.65

.c.^:

A 10

PREPARE INPATIENT I.D. BANDS (OTHER THAN INFANT) (143)

9.21

55.21

-46.60

B43

APPLY HEAT BY CRADLE, HOT WATER BOTTLE OR COMPRESSES (1921

37.81

83.94

-46.13

S;

B 170

A 117

SET UP AND REGULATE CROuPETEE (319)

RECEIVE AND DELIVER MAIL, MESSAGES JR PERSONAL ITEMS FOR

5.18

9.98

6...42

-5..44

00

I--

rn

PATIENTS (117)

A74

MEET WITH NURSES TO PLAN FOR TOTAL PATIENT CARE (74)

12.'8

63.10

-50.62

8 142

PERFORM TERMINAL DISINFECTION PROCEDURES (2911

15.36

66.90

-51.55

B 1d9

MAKE WARD ROUNDS ALONE (258)

3.45

57.61

-54.15

B 105

MAKE ENTRIES IN WARD CARDEXES (254)

3.84

59.86

-56.C2

B91

GIVE COMPREHENSIVE SKIN CARE (240)

68.31

-57.37

B 139

PLRFORM PREoPERATIvt CARE (288)

18.62

76.20

-57.58

A79

ORDER OR COORDINATE PATIENT DIETS WITH FOOD SERVICE (79)

4.22

63.24

-59.02

B44

APPLY HEAT t:Y ELECTRICAL HEATING PAD OR THERMAL

18.23

77.61

-59.37

BLANKET

I8

33

AMBULATE PATIENTS (182)

._

34.74

94.23

-59.48

A11

CHECK MASTER DIET LIST AGAINST PHYSICIANS' ORDERS (111

6.53

66.62

-6;.G9

8 188

TEACH P4TIE-4TS ABOUT POSTOPERATIVE RECOVERY PROCEDURES SUCH

6.64

AS EXTREMITY MOVEMENTS, DEEP BREATHING OR COUGHING (337)

83

ADMINISTER BED PANS OR uRINALS.(152)

33.01

94.65

-61.63

b 1..4

MAKE BEDS DIHER THAN POSTOPERATIVE UR RECOVERY (253)

27.45

94.08

-66.64

74

CLEAN PATIENT CARE UNIT (223)

24.38

91.97

-67.6D

A81

ORIENT NEW PATIENTS TO HOSPITAL RULES AND FACILITIES (81)

24.18

92.25

-68.07

B75

CLEAN WARD KITCHEN (2241

5.76

74.79

-69.03

tl

138

PERFORM POSTOPERATIVE CARE (287)

13.24

82.82

-69.57

B 135

PERFORM ORAL HYGIENE (284)

11.90

81.97

-70.07

8 110

MAKE WARD ROUNDS WITH WARD NURSES, SUPERVISOR OR CHIEF

3.84

74.65

-70.81

NURSE (259)

B 134

PERFORM ISOLATION UR REVERSE ISOLATION TECHNIQUE (2631

13.24

84.38

-70.84

A82

ORIENT VISITORS TO wARD (82)

12.48

83.52

-71.05

B90

GIVE BACK RUBS (239)

10.36

81.83

-71.47

B45

APPLY HEAT BY K-PAD OR CHEMICAL HEATING PAD (194)

19.30

91.55

-72.55

B 175

SET UP ISOLATION UNITS (324)

5.57

79.15

-73.59

B26

ADMINISTER PARTIAL

BATHS (175)

14.59

89.15

-74.57

887

FEED INCAPACITATED PATIENTS (236)

7.29

81.39

85:1

ARRANGE FURNITURE IN PATIENT'S ROOM (199)

6.14

82.39

-76.25

B56

ASSIST PATIENTS TO TURN. COUGH AND DEEP BREATHE (205)

15.36

92.25

-76.90

6ADMINISTER COMPLETE EIED.BATHS (155)

9.21

87.75

-78.53

B76

CLEAN WARD UTILITY ROOM (225)

14.59

93.54

-79.36

1:6

MAKE POSTOPERATIVE

RECOVERY BEDS (255)

5.37

86.20

-80.82

B 112

-MEASURE AND RECORD INTAKE AND OUTPUT

11.71

92.96

-81.25

--

8 168

SERVE BETWEEN-MEAL

TO PATIENTS (317)

2.30

85.37

-82.77

B 169

SERVE PRESCRIBED DIETS TO PATTEWTS (318)

1.92

84.79

-82.87

B78

COLLECT FOOD TRAYS UR SERVING UNITS (227)

4.80

94.79

-89.99