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Nat
COM
NATIOtional A
MPREHE
ONAL Wuction P l
ENSIVEV
N
WATERunderlan on C
E MISSI
olume-I
w Delhi
R MISSIOClimate
ON DO
ONChange
OCUMEN
e
NT
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Comprehensive Mission Document ofNational Water Mission
ContentsChapter
Description
PageNo.
Volume I
ExecutiveSummary
iii
1. Introduction
1
2. ObjectivesofNationalWaterMission
3
3. GoalsandStrategies
5
3.1 Comprehensivewaterdatabaseinpublicdomainandassessmentofimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresource
6
3.2 Promotionofcitizenandstateactionforwaterconservation,augmentationandpreservation
11
3.3 Focusedattentiontovulnerableareasincludingover-exploitedareas 14
3.4 Increasingwateruseefficiencyby20% 183.5 Promotionofbasinlevelintegratedwaterresources
management
24
4. MonitoringandEvaluationMechanism,InstitutionalSetupandPlanofAction
28
4.1 Proposedmonitoringandevaluationmechanism 294.2 Institutionalset-up 304.3 ActionPlanandtimelines
31
5. Research&Development,TrainingandCapacityBuilding
32
6 P i iti ti f St t i 34
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Chapter Description Page No.AnnexureI SpecificStrategies/StrategiesrelatedtoWater
ResourcesasidentifiedintheTechnicalDocument
annexedwiththeNationalActionPlanonClimate
Change
47
AnnexureII ProposedCompositionofAdvisoryBoardunderthechairmanshipofUnionMinisterofWaterResources
49
AnnexureIII ProposedCompositionofHighLevelSteeringCommitteeforNationalWaterMission
50
Annexure-IV CompositionofInter-SectoralAdvisoryGroups 51AnnexureV CompositionofTechnicalCommitteeonClimateChange
andWaterResources56
AnnexureVI ProposedCompositionofSecretariatforNationalWaterMission
57
AnnexureVII ActionPlanandTimelinesforidentifiedStrategiesunder
NationalWaterMission
58
Volume-II
Appendix-I ReportoftheSub-CommitteeonPolicyandinstitutionalFramework
I/1I/66
Appendix-II ReportoftheSub-CommitteeonSurfaceWater
Management
II/1II/95
Appendix-III ReportoftheSub-CommitteeonGroundWaterManagement
III/1III/46
Appendix-IV ReportoftheSub-CommitteeonDomesticandindustrialWaterManagement
IV/1IV/137
Appendix-V ReportoftheSub-CommitteeonEfficientUseofWaterforVariousPurposes
V/1V/51
Appendix-VI ReportoftheSub-CommitteeonBasinlevelPlanningandManagement.
VI/1VI/36
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Comprehensive Mission DocumentofNational Water Mission
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThemainobjectiveoftheNationalWaterMissionisconservationofwater,minimizing
wastage and ensuring itsmore equitable distribution both acrossand withinStates through
integratedwater resources developmentandmanagement. The five identified goals of the
Missionare:(a)comprehensivewaterdatabaseinpublicdomainandassessmentofimpactof
climate change on water resource; (b) promotion of citizen and state action for water
conservation, augmentation and preservation; (c) focused attention to vulnerable areas
includingover-exploitedareas;(d)increasingwateruseefficiencyby20%,and(e)promotion
ofbasinlevelintegratedwaterresourcesmanagement.
Variousstrategiesforachievingthegoalshavebeenidentifiedwhichleadtointegrated
planningforsustainabledevelopmentandefficientmanagementwithactiveparticipationofthe
stakeholders after identifying and evaluating the development scenario and management
practices towardsbetter acceptability on the basis ofassessment of the impactsofclimate
changeonwaterresourcesbasedonreliabledataandinformation.
Relativelyvery large temporal and spatialvariation in rainfallandconsequently intheriver flowandgroundwateraquifers isan important featureof thewater resources in India.
Althoughtheimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresourceshasnotbeenaccuratelyquantified,
various studies indicate that the likely impact of climate change onwater resources could
contribute to further intensification of the extremeevents. Further, the featuresof water
resources both the availability and the quality may also be considerably affected by the
changesinthelanduseintheformofurbanization,industrializationandchangesintheforest
cover. Realizing that the various processes which influence the hydrologic cycle are ofdynamicnature,precisequantificationoftheimpactspecificallyduetoclimatechangemaynot
beasimpletaskanditwouldbenecessarytomakesuitableassumptionattheinitialstages
andundertakedetailedsimulationstudieswithmoreandmoredataastheybecomeavailable
with time. However, thelikely impactofclimatechangeonwater resourcescouldbe inthe
form of:
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Increasedfloodeventsduetooverallincreaseintherainydayintensity; Effect on groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers due to increased flood anddroughtevents;
Influenceongroundwater rechargeduetochanges inprecipitationandevapo-transpiration;and
Increasedsalineintrusionofcoastalandislandaquifersduetorisingsealevels.
Fromtheabove,it isapparentthatinthecontextof likelyimpactofclimatechangeon
waterresources,themostvulnerableareasinIndiawouldinclude(a)droughtproneareas,(b)
floodproneareas, (c)thecoastal regions,(d)theregionwithdeficientrainfall,(e)areaswith
over-exploited,criticaland semi-critical stageofgroundwaterdevelopment, (f)waterquality
affectedareas,and(g)snow-fedriverbasins.
ForachievingtheobjectivesoftheNationalWaterMission,long-termsustainedefforts
bothintermsoftimeboundcompletionofidentifiedactivitiesandensuringtheimplementation
of identified policies and enactment of necessary legislation throughpersuasionat differentlevels with the State Governmentshave been envisaged. Someof the important activities
whichareplannedtobecompletedinatimeboundmanneronpriorityareasunder.
Comprehensive water data base in public domain and assessment of the impact ofclimate change on water resources Alldataandentireinformation(exceptdataofsensitiveandclassifiednature)wouldbeplacedinpublicdomainby2012
ReviewandestablishmentofnetworkforcollectionofadditionalnecessarydatabyMarch2012
ReassessmentofbasinwisewatersituationbyMarch2012 Theinitialprojectionsof theimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresourcesincludingthelikelychangesinthewateravailabilityintimeandspacearetargetedbytheyear
2012
Promotion of citizen and state actions for water conservation, augmentation and
preservation Empowerment and involvementofPanchayatiRaj Institutions, urban local bodies,Water Users Associations and primary stake holders in management of water
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Encourage participation of NGOs in various activities related to water resourcesmanagement,particularlyinplanning,capacitybuildingandmassawareness
Involveandencouragecorporatesector/industriestotakeupsupportandpromotewaterconservation,augmentationandpreservationwithintheindustryandaspartof
corporatesocialresponsibility
Sensitization of all Panchayat members and their functionaries in dark and greyblockswillbecompletedby2011-12.
Focused attention to vulnerable areas including over-exploited areas ComprehensiveassessmentofgroundwaterinthecountrywillbemadebyMarch2011
The revisedmaster plan for artificial recharge togroundwaterwould be inpublicdomainbySeptember2011fortheentirecountry
Allover-exploitedareaswillbecoveredbyrechargeofgroundwaterbytheendofXIIFiveYearPlan.
Expeditiousimplementationofwaterresourcesprojectsparticularlythemultipurposeprojectswithcarryoverstoragesbenefittingdroughtproneandraindeficitareas
Promotionoftraditionalsystemofwaterconservation Physicalsustainabilityofgroundwaterresources Conservationandpreservationofwetland Systematicapproachforcopingwithfloodsmappingofareaslikelytoexperiencefloods, establishing hydraulic and hydrological models and developing
comprehensiveschemesforfloodmanagementandreservoirsedimentation.
Increasing water use efficiency by 20% Thetimelineforactionwouldbetoincreasewateruseefficiencyby20%bytheyear2017
The gap of about 15% between the irrigation potential created and the irrigationpotentialutilizedwouldalsobereducedbyhalfbytheyear2017
DevelopmentofguidelinesforincentivizingrecyclingofwaterincludingwastewaterbyMarch2011.
Promotionofwaterefficienttechniquesandtechnologiesincluding(a)promotionofmicroirrigationtechniquessuchassprinkleranddripirrigationand(b)expansionof
FarmersParticipatoryActionResearchProgramme
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Promotemandatorywaterauditincludingthosefordrinkingwaterpurposes Adequateprovisionforoperation&maintenanceofwaterresourcesprojects Incentivethroughawardforwaterconservation&efficientuseofwater Incentivizeuseofefficientirrigationpracticesandfullyutilizethecreatedfacilities
Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management MinistryofWaterResourceswillreviewtheNationalWaterPolicyby2011tomovetowardsbasindevelopment
Guidelines for different uses of water e.g., irrigation, drinking, industrial etc.particularlyincontextofbasinwisesituationsbyMarch2012
ThedocumentalsopresentsanoutlinefortheoperationalizationoftheNationalWater
Mission.
AdedicatedMissionSecretariathasalsobeenproposedthroughcreationofthreepostsi.e., one Mission Director and two Advisors and with provision for either outsourcing orredeployingservicesofprofessionalasperrequirement.
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Chapter-1Introduction
India is faced with the challenge of sustaining its rapid economic growth while
dealingwith the globalthreat ofclimatechange. This threat emanates fromaccumulated
greenhousegas emissions in theatmosphere,anthropogenically generated through long
termandintensiveindustrialgrowthandhighconsumptionlifestylesindevelopedcountries.
Whileengagedwiththeinternationalcommunitytocollectivelyandcooperativelydealwiththisthreat,Indianeedsanationalstrategytofirstly,adapttoclimatechangeandsecondly,
tofurtherenhancetheecologicalsustainabilityofIndiasdevelopmentpath.
ClimatechangemayalterthedistributionandqualityofIndiasnaturalresourcesand
adversely affect the livelihoodof its people. With an economy closely tied to its natural
resourcebaseandclimate-sensitivesectorssuchas agriculture,waterand forestry,India
mayfaceamajorthreatbecauseoftheprojectedchangesinclimate.
The globalwarmingmay affect the hydrologicalcyclewhichcouldresult in further
intensification of temporal and spatial variations in precipitation, snow melt and water
availability. The report on Indias Initial National Communication to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change published by Ministry of Environment and
Forests,GovernmentofIndiaintheyear2004identifiesthefollowingprojectedimpactsof
climatechangeonwaterresources.
Itisobviousthattheprojectedclimatechangeresultinginwarming,sealevelrise
andmeltingofglacierswill adversely affect thewaterbalance indifferent partsof
Indiaandqualityofgroundwateralongthecoastalplains.Climatechangeislikelyto
affectgroundwaterduetochangesinprecipitationandevapo-transpiration.Rising
sea levelsmay lead to increasedsaline intrusion into coastal and island aquifers,
whileincreasedfrequencyandseverityoffloodsmayaffectgroundwaterqualityinalluvialaquifers.Increasedrainfallintensitymayleadtohigherrunoffandpossibly
reducedrecharge.
Someof the possible identifiedimplications ofclimatechangeonwaterresources
arelistedbelow:
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Each Mission will be tasked to evolve specific objectives spanning the
remainingyearsofthe11thPlanandthe12
thPlanperiod2012-2013to2016-2017.
Where the resource requirements of the Mission call for an enhancement of the
allocation in the 11th Plan, this will be suitably considered, keeping inmind the
overallresourcespositionandthescopeforre-prioritization.
Comprehensive Mission documents detailing objectives, strategies, plan of
action, timelines and monitoring and evaluation criteria would be developed and
submittedto the PrimeMinistersCouncil onClimateChangebyDecember2008.
The Council will also periodically review the progress of these Missions. EachMissionwillreportpubliclyonitsannualperformance.
Building public awareness will be vital in supporting implementation of the
NAPCC. This will be achieved through national portals, media engagement, civil
societyinvolvement,curriculareformandrecognition/awards,detailsofwhichwill
beworkedoutby anempowered group. TheGroupwill alsoconsidermethodsof
capacitybuildingtosupportthegoalsoftheNationalMissions.
We will develop appropriate technologies to measure progress in actions
being taken in termsof avoided emissions,whereverapplicable,with reference to
businessasusual scenarios. Appropriate indicators will be evolved for assessing
adaptationbenefitsoftheactions.
TheseEightNationalMissionstakentogether,withenhancementsincurrentandongoingprogrammesincludedintheTechnicalDocument,wouldnotonlyassist
thecountrytoadapttoclimatechange,butalso,importantly,launchtheeconomyon
apaththatwouldprogressivelyandsubstantiallyresultinmitigationthroughavoided
emissions.
TheTechnicalDocumentannexedwiththeNAPCChasidentifiedkeyareasrelated
to(a)studiesonmanagementofsurfacewaterresources,(b)managementandregulationofgroundwaterresources,(c)upgradingstoragestructuresforfreshanddrainagesystem
for wastewater, (d) conservation of wetland, and (e) development of desalination
technologiesetc.requiredtobeconsideredwhilepreparingthecomprehensivedocument
fortheNationalWaterMission.ThedetailsareatAnnexure-I.
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Chapter3
Goals and Strategies
Water resourcesschemes and projects aremultidisciplinary in nature and are
implementedbyseveraldepartmentsandagenciesofStateGovernmentsandvarious
ministries/departments of Central Government. Therefore, it has been considered
necessary to examine all related issue through a consultative process. Accordingly,
Ministry ofWaterResources (MoWR)constituted sixSub-Committees toexamineall
relatedaspectsinthefieldof:
a. PolicyandInstitutionalFramework;b. SurfaceWaterManagement;c. GroundWaterManagement;d. DomesticandIndustrialWaterManagement;e.
EfficientUseofWaterforVariousPurposes;andf. BasinLevelPlanningandManagement.
ThereportsoftheSub-CommitteesaregiveninVolume-IIoftheComprehensive
MissionDocument asAppendix-I toAppendix VI.Basedon the(a)objectivesof the
National Water Mission, (b) identified key areas to be addressed, and (c)
recommendationsoftheSub-Committees,thefollowinggoalshavebeenidentified.
a. Comprehensive water data base in public domain and assessment of the
impactofclimatechangeonwaterresource
b. Promotionofcitizenandstateactions forwaterconservation,augmentationandpreservation
c. Focusedattentiononvulnerableareasincludingover-exploitedareasd. Increasingwateruseefficiencyby20%e. Promotionofbasinlevelintegratedwaterresourcesmanagement
Strategiesforeachoftheidentifiedgoalsarediscussedhereunder.
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3.1 Goal 1:Comprehensivewaterdatabaseinpublicdomainandassessmentof
theimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresource
WaterrelateddataisbeingcollectedbyvariousCentralandStateagenciesfor
differentpurposes andkept inasmany formats.Thenetworks for datacollection for
varioushydrologicalandotherrelatedparametersrequireareviewfortheiradequacyto
meettherequirementforreliableassessmentoftheimpactofclimatechangeonwater
resources. The collected data is required to be put in public domain so that policy
makersandacademiciancanaccessthatwitheasefortheirrespectiveusesandpeople
atlargecanformtheirwellinformedviews/opinionsonvariousrelatedmatters.
Thefirstandtheforemostactionrequiredistohaveacomprehensivedatabase
inpublicdomain(exceptforthedataofsensitivenature)andtohaveaassessmentof
theimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresourcesintermsofavailabilityaswellasthe
qualityofthewaterfromsurfaceandgroundwatersources,whichinter-aliaincludes(i)
collection of necessary data; (ii) research and studies to project impact of climatechangeonwaterresources;(iii)developmentofsuitablemodels;and(iv)development
of suitable techniques for efficient utilization of water and conversion of poor quality
waterintofreshwaterThestrategiesidentifiedforachievingthegoalinclude(a)Review
and establishment of network for collection of additional necessary data; (b)
Development/implementationofmoderntechnologyformeasurementofvariousdata;
(c)Developinginventoryofwetland;(d)Researchandstudiesonallaspectsrelatedto
impact of climate change on water resources including quality aspects of waterresourceswithactivecollaborationofallresearchorganizationsworkingintheareaof
climatechange;(e)Reassessmentofbasinwisewatersituation;and (f)Projectionof
theimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresources.
Cha i rman, Cen t ra l Wate r Commiss ion
w ou ld head the g roup . The
Commi t tee wou ld a l so inc lude
Secretary, Ear th Sciences besides
var ious rep resen ta t i ves o f o the r
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has s ince been pu t i n pub l i c doma in w i th launch ing o f f i r s t phase o f
Wa te r Re so u rce s I n fo rm a t i o n Sys te m o n 7 t h December 2010 .
The in i t i a l p ro jec t ions o f the impact o f c l ima te change on wa te r
resources inc lud ing the l i ke ly changes in the wa te r ava i lab i l i t y i n t ime
and space a re ta rge ted by th e year 201 2 .
Sealevelrisecouldimpact(a)lowlyingcoastalareas,(b)salinityingroundwater,
(c)estuarineandwetlands,(d)tidalhydraulicsetc.
The key areas
identifiedintheNAPCC
inrespectofdatabase
& assessment of
impact of climate
change on water
resources and the
identified strategies to
achieve the objectives
are summarized asunder:
Table 1: Recommended strategies for Goal 1- Comprehensive water data base inpublic domain and assessment of the impact of climate change on waterresource
Key areas highlighted inNAPCC Recommended strategies and identified action points(a)Estimatingriverflowin
mountainousareas,(b)
Extendingisotopictracer
basedtechniquesof
monitoringriverwater
dischargetoallmajorriver
monitoringstations,(c)
Strengtheningthe
monitoringofglacialand
seasonalsnowcoversto
assessthecontributionof
StrategyI.1
Review and establishment of network for collection ofadditional necessary data
a. Reviewofnetworkofhydrologicalobservationstations
b. Reviewofthenetworkofautomaticweather
stationsandautomatedraingaugestationsandestablishmentofadditionalstationsespeciallyinrespectof:(i)Betternetworkforevaporationdata,and(ii)Rainfalldatacollectionnetworkthroughautomatedsensors
c. Collectionofnecessaryadditionalhydro-t l i l d h d l i l d t f
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action pointsstations,(e)Developinganinventoryofwetlands,
especiallythosewithunique
features,and(f)Mappingof
catchmentsandsurveying
andassessinglanduse
patternswithemphasison
drainage,vegetationcover,silting,encroachment,
conservationofmangrove
areas,humansettlements
andhumanactivitiesandits
impactoncatchmentsand
waterbodies.
inestuarineareas,(ii)Hydrologicalandhydro-meteorologicaldatainlowrainfallareas,(iii)Hydrologicalandhydro-meteorologicaldataabovepermanentsnowline,glaciatedareas,seasonalsnowareasinHimalayanregion,(iv)Betternetworkforcollectionofevaporationandraingaugedatausingautomatedsensors,(v)Establishment/strengtheningofgroundwater
monitoringnetworkthroughconstructionofpurposebuiltobservationwells,sanctuarywellsforcoastalaquifermanagementandwaterqualitymonitoring,(vi)Repeatedcollectionofdataaboutrivergeometryandmorphologyformonitoringerosionandcarryingcapacity,(vii)Massivetidalhydraulicsdatacollection,and(viii)Surfaceandgroundwaterqualitydatacollection.
StrategyI.2
Development of water resources information system a DevelopmentofWaterResourcesInformation
Systemwhich,inadditiontohydrological,hydro-meteorologicalandotherrelevantinformationwouldalsoinclude(i)inventoryofglaciatedlakesandwaterbodies,(ii)wetland
especially,thosewithuniquefeatures;and(ii)mappingofcatchmentsandsurveyingandassessinglandusepatternswithemphasisondrainage,vegetationcover,silting,encroachment,conservationofmangroveareas,humansettlements.Allinformationexceptthedataofsensitiveandclassifiednaturewouldbeinpublicdomaintofacilitateandpromotecitizenactioninwater
conservation,augmentationandpreservation.
b DevelopmentandoperationalizationofWeb-enabledGroundWaterInformationSystemandplacingitinpublicdomain
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action pointstidalhydraulics,salinityandunsteadyflow.Strategy
I.4Developing inventory of wetland
(a)Customizingclimate
changemodelsforregional
waterbasins,and(b)
Developingmodelsofurban
stormwaterflowsandestimatingdrainage
capacitiesforstormwater
andforsewerbasedonthe
simulations.
StrategyI.5
Research and studies on all aspects related toimpact of climate change on water resourcesincluding quality aspects of water resources withactive collaboration of all research organizationsworking in the area of climate change Researchandstudiesspecificallyforprojection
ofimpactofclimatechangeonsurfaceandgroundwaterincludingitswaterqualityinareasof(i)Basinefficiency,(ii)Possibilitiesofincreasingdamheights,(iii)IdentificationofminortankswhereFRLcanberaisedwithoutraisingdamheightsbyinstallinggatesandevaluationofthesame,(iv)Identificationof
tanksandwaterbodieswhichcanbeeffectivelyde-silted,wheresilthascommercialvalueandevaluationofthesame,(v)Improvingintra-nationalequityinusablewaterfordroughtmanagementlikeconductingeconomicsconsideringland,waterandlivelihoodtoplanhowmuchwaterisnecessarytoyieldreasonableincome,(vi)Waterharvesting,providedthisissociallydesirableandprovidedthatcorrespondingwatersavingispossibleelsewhereintheregion,(vii)ImpactonIntensity-Duration-Frequencyrelationshipsinurbanareas,(viii)ImpactonMagnitude-Duration-Frequencyofdrought(agricultural,meteorologicalandhydrological),(ix)StudyofWater-energy-ClimateChangerelationships,(x)Planningtidalembankmentstoprotectagainst
tidesandincreasedfloodfrequencyandincreasedsealevel,(xi)Effectofsealevelriseongroundwatersalinityandprospectivemeasureslikegroundwaterrecharge,(xii)Possibletidalchannelsforfreshwaterstorage,(xiii)Preparationofsedimentbudgetsandaccounts for each basin (xiv) Review the
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action pointsmanagementincludinguseofhydraulicbarriersforcontrolofseawateringress,(xix)Assessmentoffeasibilityandviabilityofrainwaterharvestinginexistingdomesticandcommercialbuildings,(xx)Supportingresearchableissuesspecificallyof(xxi)AtmosphericScienceGroupstowardsdownscalingofGCMorRCMtobasin/project
levelandalsounderstandingtheeffectofclimatechangeonmonsoons,(xxii)Supportingwaterandclimaterelatedresearchestowardsstudyingthesensitivityofdifferenthydrologictypesofwaterprojectstodifferentclimatechangescenariosandimprovementsrequiredinhydrometricnetworkstoincorporateclimatechange,(xxiii)BuildingaUniversalSoilLossmodeldepictingerosionandsedimenttransport
etc.Provingthemodelbasedonsedimentflowandreservoirsedimentationdata,Actuatingtheabovemodelforchangedrainfallregimeandchangedmanagementpractices,(xxiv)Developing,throughR&Deffort,acombinedunsteadyflowhydraulics-cum-sedimenttransportmodelcapableofdepictingrivererosionineachfloodevent.Usingthemodeltotestrivermanagementworks,(xxv)Waterqualitymodelingforeachmajorriverandaquifer,(xxvi)Hydrochemicalandsolutetransportmodelinginareasvulnerableforseawateringressandwaterquality,(xxvii)Developingurbanstormwaterdrainagemodelswithdueconsiderationtothetopographicalfeaturesandtheurbanlayouts,and(xxviii)Developingcriteriaandguidelinestoensure
urbanstormwaterdrainageimprovements. Strategy
I.6Reassessment of basin wise water situation
a. Reassessmentofbasinwisewatersituationinpresentscenarioincludingwaterqualitybyi l h i i h f
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points b. ComprehensiveReassessmentoftheground
waterresourcesuptoBlock/Mandal/Talukalevelfortheentirecountry.
StrategyI.7
Projection of the impact of climate change on waterresources
Projectionofwaterresourcesavailabilityasa
resultofimpactofclimatechangewhichwouldinter-aliaincludethelikelychangesinthecharacteristicsofwateravailabilityintimeandspacewithfocusonareasvulnerabletoclimatechange.
Details of the strategies are discussed in the recommendations of the Sub-
CommitteesandthesameareincludedinthevolumeIIoftheMissionDocument.
3.2 Goal 2: Promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation,
augmentationandpreservation
Thestudiesinrespectofimpactofclimateonwaterresourcesindicatethatvarious
components of the hydrological cycle would be affected resulting in further
intensificationof temporal and spatialvitiationsof thewateravailability. This situationcalls for urgent steps for conservation of the available water resources. It is also
necessarytotake immediatesteps foraugmentationoftheutilizablewaterresources.
Water,themostpreciousgiftofnaturecanbeofbeneficialusetothemankindonlyifall
the stakeholdersare fully involved in its developmentandmanagement. Ithas been
establishedthattheparticipatoryapproachinwatermanagementhasyieldedexcellent
results.TherearemanysuccessstoriesincludingofHiwareBazarPanchayat,District
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra,VrukshaPremSevaTrust,Upleta,DistrictRajkot,Gujaratetc.Massawarenessandcapacitybuildingofthestakeholdersarealsoconsideredvery
importantstrategies.
The Promotionofcitizenandstateaction forwater conservation,augmentation
d ti b i t t l f th Mi i Th t t id tifi d
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water conservation; (e) Provide incentives for water neutral and water positive
technologiesinindustry;(f)EncourageparticipationofNGOsinvariousactivitiesrelated
towater resourcesmanagement,particularly inplanning, capacity buildingandmass
awareness; and (g) Involve and encourage corporate sector / industries to take up,
support and promote water conservation, augmentation and preservation within the
industryandaspartofcorporatesocialresponsibility.Theparticipationofstakeholders
in water management has been very effective in efficient management of water
resources.
Hiw are Bazar : A Success Stor y o f Ci t i zen Act ion fo r Wat er Managem ent
Hiware Bazar a village in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra faced acute water shortage
with the average annual rainfall of about 400 mm. In 1989-90, hardly 12 per cent of the
cultivable land could be farmed. The villages wells used to have water only during the
monsoon. The change started in 90s when with labour donations, the panchayat built 40,000
contour trenches around the hills to conserve rainwater and recharge groundwater. Villagers
took up plantation and forest regeneration activities. Immediately after the monsoon, many
wells in the village collected enough water to increase the irrigation area from 20 ha to 70ha in 1993.
An integrated model of development with water conservation as its core was adopted. The
village invested all its funds on water conservation, recharging groundwater and creating
surface storage systems to collect rainwater. The 70-ha regenerated forest helped in treating
the catchments for most wells; 414 ha of contour bunding stopped runoff; and around 660
water-harvesting structures caught rainwater. The state government too helped by spending
Rs.42 lakh to treat 1,000 ha of land. These activities caused rise in levels of ground water in
adjoining wells paving the way for improved irrigation.
Hiware Bazar is now reaping the benefits of its investments. The number of wells has
increased from 97 to 217. Irrigated land has gone up from 120 ha in 1999 to 260 ha in
2006. Grass production went up from 100 tonnes in 2000 to 6,000 tonnes in 2004. Milk
production rose from 150 lpd in the mid-1990s to 4,000 litres now. In 2005-06, income from
agriculture was nearly Rs 2.48 crore.
Hiware Bazar's strong, participatory institutional set-up has facilitated success. The gram
sabha has the power to decide on a range of issues, including identifying sites for water
harvesting structures, sharing water and types of crops to be cultivated. The village
voluntary body as its implementing arm.
Noda l respons ib i l i t y wou ld be w i th Min is t ry o f Wate r Resources. A t the
Sta te leve l , th e noda l respons ib i l i t y w ou ld vest w i th t he Deve lopm ent
C i i f th St t th b i t i l d b th h
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The key areas identified in the NAPCC and the identified strategies to
achievetheobjectivesaresummarizedinthefollowingtable.
Table 3.2: Recommended Strategies in respect of Goal 2 - Promotion of citizen andstate action for water conservation, augmentation and preservation
Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action pointsBuildingpublicawareness
willbevitalinsupporting
implementationofNAPCC,
Thiswillbeachieved
throughnationalportals,
mediaengagement,civil
societyinvolvement,
curriculareformand
recognition/awards,details
ofwhichwillbeworkedout
byanempoweredGroup.
TheGroupwillalsoconsider
methodsofcapacity
buildingtosupportthegoals
oftheNationalMission.
StrategyII.1
Empowerment and involvement of Panchayati RajInstitutions, urban local bodies, Water UsersAssociations and primary stake holders inmanagement of water resources with focus on waterconservation, augmentation and preservation
a. Interactivesessionwithpolicymakersfor
sensitization. b. CapacityBuildingfororganizationsassociated
withwaterresourcesdevelopmentand
management.
c. Promotionofdo-it-yourselfactionbycitizens
throughintensivesocialcommunication.
StrategyII.2
Promote participatory irrigation managementa Encourageparticipatoryirrigationmanagement
throughCommandAreaDevelopmentand
WaterManagementProgramme.
b EncourageStatestoenactappropriate
ParticipatoryIrrigationManagement(PIM)Act.
StrategyII.3
Sensitization of elected representatives of over-exploited areas on dimensions of the problems andto orient investment under MNREGP towards waterconservation
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action pointsb Provideincentivesforwaterneutralandwater
positivetechnologiesinindustry
c Encouragereuseoftreatedeffluent
StrategyII.5
Encourage participation of NGOs in various activitiesrelated to water resources management, particularlyin planning, capacity building and mass awareness
StrategyII.6
Involve and encourage corporate sector / industriesto take up, support and promote water conservation,augmentation and preservation within the industryand as part of corporate social responsibility
Details of the strategies are discussed in the recommendations of the Sub-
CommitteesandthesameareincludedinthevolumeIIoftheMissionDocument.
3.3 Goal3:Focusedattentiontovulnerableareasincludingover-exploitedareas
Thereisurgentneedforappropriatemeasuresinthevulnerableareaswhichare
likelytobeadverselyaffectedduetoimpactofclimatechangeandtheareaswherethe
waterresources,particularlythegroundwaterresourcesaredecliningduetooveruse.In
about15%oftheassessmentblocks,groundwaterhasbeenover-exploitedandabout
14%oftheblocksareincriticalorsemi-criticalstate.
The strategies identified for the goal Focused attention to vulnerable areas
including over-exploited areas include (a) Expeditious implementation of water
resources projects particularly the multipurpose projects with carry over storages
benefittingdroughtproneandraindeficitareas;(b)Promotionoftraditionalsystemof
waterconservation; (c)Physical sustainabilityofgroundwaterresources; (d)Intensiveprogrammeforgroundwaterrechargeinover-exploited,criticalandsemi-criticalareas;
(e)Conservationandpreservationofwetland; (f)Intensiveprogramme foraddressing
thequalityaspectsofdrinkingwater particularly in ruralarea; (g)Promotionofwater
purificationanddesalination;and(h)Systematicapproachforcopingwithfloods.Itis
b d th t th ti ti i ti f th t k h ld h i ld d i
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fo r wa te r augmenta t ion in over -exp lo i ted a reas iden t i f i ed by CGWB.
Min is t ry o f Panchaya t i Ra j wou ld under take a sens i t i za t ion campa ign o f
Panchaya t l eadersh ip in a l l 'da rk ' and 'g rey ' b locks. NGO and Civ i l soc ie tya ct i o n w o u l d be p ro mo te d b y Na t i o n al / Sta te coo rd i n a t i n g b o d i es . A t
Sta te leve l , th i s com m i t t ee wou ld be headed by Deve lopment
Commiss ioners o f S ta tes and convened by Secre ta ry , Depar tment o f
Wate r Resources.
Co mp r e h en s i ve asse ssme n t o f g ro u n d w a te r i n t h e co u n t r y w i l l b e ma d e
by March 2011 . The rev ised maste r p lan fo r a r t i f i c ial recharge to g round
w a te r w o u l d b e in p u b l i c d om a i n b y Se p te mb e r 2 0 1 1 f o r t h e e n t i r e
coun t ry and a l l ove r -exp lo i ted a reas w i l l be covered by recharge o f
g ro u n d w a te r b y t h e e n d o f X I I Fi ve Ye a r Pl a n .
Andh ra Pradesh Farm er-Manag ed Grou nd Wat er sys tem s ( APFAMGS)
The project commonly known as Andhra Model for water resources management was
implemented with an objective to equip groundwater farmer users with the necessary data,
skills and knowledge to manage groundwater resources available to them in a sustainable
manner, mainly through managing and monitoring their own demand and adopt suitable
agricultural practices. The project's key premise is behavioural change leading to voluntary
self regulation.
Thousands of farmers residing in 638 habitations in seven drought prone districts have
voluntarily, under the guidance of local partner NGOs, taken number of steps to tide over
the problem of groundwater depletion. Launched in July 2003, the APFAMGS project is a
partnership with farmers for implementing Demand Side Groundwater Management concept.
The measures taken include participatory hydrological monitoring, by engaging farmers indata collection and analysis, and building their understanding of the dynamics and status of
groundwater in local aquifers. This complemented with crop water budgeting, whereby the
quantity of water required for dry crops is assessed at the aquifer level and compared with
the amount of groundwater actually available. Crop water budgeting is conducted in aquifer-
wide meetings at which the budget is produced with thousands of farmers in attendance.
This project demonstrates an alternative model to the Supply Side approach which is hugely
capital intensive.
The project experience revealed that sustainable management of groundwater is feasibleonly if users understand its occurrence, cycle and limited availability. It was also observed
that access to scientific data and knowledge will enable farmers to make appropriate choices
and regarding the use of groundwater resources, obviating the need for any incentives in the
form of cash or subsidies to them for making these choices.
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Table 3.3: Recommended Strategies in respect of Goal 3 - Focused attention tovulnerable areas including over-exploited areas
Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
(a)Enhancingstorage
capacitiesinmultipurpose
hydro-projectsand
integrationofdrainagewith
irrigationinfrastructures,(b)
Restorationofoldwater
tanks,(c)Formulatingand
implementingaregulatory
regimetoensurewiseuse
ofwetlandatthenational,
theState,andDistrict
levels,(d)Environmentalappraisalandimpact
assessmentof
developmentalprojectson
wetland,(e)Strengthen
linkswithafforestation
programmesandwetland
conservation,and(f)
Planningofwatershed
managementinmountain
ecosystems.
StrategyIII.1
Expeditious implementation of water resourcesprojects particularly the multipurpose projects withcarry over storages benefitting drought prone andrain deficit areasa Expeditiousimplementationofprojectsby
Statesinareas/situationsvulnerabletoclimate
changeparticularlydroughtproneandrain
deficitareas
b ExpeditiousimplementationofERMofirrigation
projectsbyStatesinareas/situations
vulnerabletoclimatechangeparticularly
droughtproneandraindeficitareas
c Expeditiousimplementationofminorirrigation
schemesincludingschemesforgroundwater
developmentbyStatesinareas/situations
vulnerabletoclimatechangeparticularly
droughtproneandraindeficitareas
d Adequateallocationstobemadeforundertakingprojectsandtheirtimebound
completion
e Reviewofpoliciesrelatedtofinancingofwater
resourcesprojectsinvulnerableareas
StrategyIII.2
Promotion of traditional system of water conservationExpeditiousimplementationofprogrammeforrepair,renovationandrestorationofwater
bodiesinareas/situationsvulnerableto
climatechangeby(i)Increasingcapacityof
minortanks,and(ii)Rehabilitatingwater
bodies ith changed foc s
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
artificialrechargeinrelevant
urbanareas.
b. Expeditiousimplementationofprogrammefor
conservationofwaterthroughrechargeof
groundwaterincludingrainwaterharvestingin
over-exploited,criticalandsemi-criticalareas
including(i)Preparationofstate-wise
implementationplanforrainwaterharvesting
andartificialrechargebasedonMasterPlanof
CGWBbothforruralandurbanareasandmonitoringmechanism,(ii)Implementationof
rainwaterharvestingandartificialrechargein
overexploitedassessmentunits,criticaland
semi-criticalareasandtheirimpact
assessment,and(iii)Identifyandevaluate
incentivesforadoptingandsustainingrooftop
rainwaterharvestingsystems.
c. Activecommunityparticipationingroundwater
monitoring,regulation&management.
d. PromotionofaPanchayat/districtlevelmodel
forgroundwaterregulation.
e. Explorationofgroundwaterincludingground
waterexplorationtodecipherdeeperfresh
wateraquifersupto1000/1500m.StrategyIII.4
Intensive programme for ground water recharge inover-exploited, critical and semi-critical areas
a Rainwaterharvestingandartificialrechargeto
groundwater.
b Expansionofprogrammeforrechargeof
groundwaterthroughdugwell.
StrategyIII.5
Conservation and preservation of wetland(a)Exploringoptionsto
augmentwatersupplyin
criticalareas(b)The
StrategyIII.6
Intensive programme for addressing the qualityaspects of drinking water particularly in rural area
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
citieswithinadequate
alternativesourcesofwater
aremetthroughadoptionof
newandappropriate
technologiessuchaslow
temperaturedesalination
technologiesthatallowfor
useofoceanwater,(c)Seawaterdesalinationusing
ReverseOsmosisand
multistageflashdistillation
totakeadvantageoflow
gradeheatenergye.g.from
powerplantslocatedinthe
coastalregionorbyusing
renewableenergysuchas
solar,(d)Brackishwater
desalination,and(e)Water
purificationtechnologies.
c Provideincentivefordesalinationpreparation
ofnecessaryguidelinesandinitiationof
necessaryactionsbytherespectiveStatesand
concernedcentralministries.
Developingdigitalelevation
modelsforfloodprone
areasofforecastingflood,
andMappingareaslikelytoexperiencefloodsand
developingschemesto
managefloods.
StrategyIII.8
Systematic approach for coping with floodsa Mappingofareaslikelytoexperiencefloods,
establishinghydraulicandhydrologicalmodels
anddevelopingcomprehensiveapproachto
floodmanagement&reservoirsedimentation
b Encourageandenforcefloodplainzoningin
floodpronerivers
Details of the strategies are discussed in the recommendations of the Sub-
CommitteesandthesameareincludedinthevolumeIIoftheMissionDocument.
3.4 Goal4:Increasingwateruseefficiencyby20%
OneofthemostimportantgoalsoftheNationalWaterMissionistoimprovethe
efficiency of water use at least by 20% The objective can be achieved by ensuring
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increasingtheefficiency.Atthesametimeadoptionofbettermanagementpracticesare
alsoveryimportant.
Farm ers Par t i c ipa to ry Act ion Research Program m e (FPARP)
Ministry of Water Resources commissioned 5000 FPARP - a programme under More Crop and
Income per Drop of Water, in late 2007, throughout the country with the help of Agricultural
Universities/ ICAR institutes/ Engineering colleges/ WALMIs etc. for demonstrating the technologies
available - on shelf - to the farmers for increasing the productivity and profitability of agriculture
through generating synergy among water, crop, agronomic practices, soil nutrients, crop variety and
implements etc.
These 5000 programmes were demonstrated in the field during 2-3 crop seasons by 60 illustrious
Institutions across the country in more than 2000 villages and involving thousands of farmers. The
programme has been completed by March 2010 except a few experiments for which extension has
already been given. The final reports have already been received from some of the Institutions
which show substantial increase in the yields of the crops at one hand and water saving at the other
hand, in general. The impact assessment of the demonstrations has already been taken up which
would help in deciding up scaling of the technology. Locally suited techniques and technologies
applied and demonstrated under FPARP included: (a) Micro Irrigation i.e., drip and sprinkler, (b)
Rain water harvesting structures (water storage tanks), (c) Soil moisture conservation (Mulching,dead furrow, opening of furrow, tied ridging etc.), (d) System of Rice Intensification (SRI), (e)
Broadbed & Furrow irrigation, (f) Deficit irrigation, (g) Refinement of existing ITK of recycling Tank
silt to modern technical knowledge, (h) Micro nutrient management, (i) Low Cost Poly-house/net
house, (j) Land leveling/configuration, (k) Precision farming irrigated crops/Dry crops, (l) Zero
tillage/zero till drill, (m) Deep tillage/Conservation tillage, (n) Improved varieties of seeds, (o) Dry
farming technology in soil and water conservation, (p) Pit method/paired row planting of sugarcane,
(q) Sub surface method of sugarcane cultivation, (r) Sowing of paddy seeds with drum seeder, and
(s) Multiple use of water.Encouraged by the results received, so far, the Government has decided to extend the
programme for two more years during which another 5000 demonstrations would be taken up.
An analysis shows thatmodernization and renovation of existing old projects,
command area development including selective lining of water courses etc. may
increase the overall irrigation efficiency by about 20-21%. About 5000 field
demonstrations,alloverthecountry,ofthetechnologicalinterventionssuitedtothelocalconditionsbyacademiciansandresearchorganisationshaveshownincreaseinyields
aswellaswatersavings.ThestrategiesincludedunderthegoalIncreasingwateruse
efficiency by 20% are (a) Research in area of increasing water use efficiency and
maintaining its quality in agriculture, industry and domestic sector; (b) Incentivize
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provisionforoperation&maintenanceofwaterresourcesprojects;(k)Incentivethrough
awardforwaterconservation&efficientuseofwater;and(l)Incentivizeuseofefficient
irrigationpracticesandfullyutilizethecreatedfacilities.
TheFarmersParticipatoryActionResearchprogramme(FPARP)oftheMinistry
of Water Resources has demonstrated that with adoption on better techniques and
technologies,theefficiencyofwaterusecanbeconsiderablyimproved.
At present, there is a gapof about15% in the irrigationpotentialcreated and
utilized. Full utilization of the created facilities has been identified as an important
strategy.ThishasbeendulyhighlightedinthereportoftheMid-TermAppraisaloftheXI
Planasunder.
Itshouldnothappenthatthedamisconstructedbutthedistributionsystemisnotmakingheadwaymakingtheinvestmentidleandattimesinfructuous.Command
area development should occur pari passuwith the creation of infrastructure.
Commandareadevelopmentmustcarefullyintegratetraditionalwaterharvestingsystems already existing in the command. 10% of the AIBP command must
mandatorilybeprovidedwithwatersavingmicro-irrigationtechniques.
An agricultural improvement programme focused on improving water useefficiency and agricultural productivity must be dovetailed in to the AIBP.
Revision ofwater charges isan important instrument for promotingwater use
efficiency.
Forcommandareadevelopmenttobeeffective,theparticipationoffarmersasstakeholders in the process must occur right from the planning and
implementationtomonitoringandmaintenance.Forthis,WUAsneedtobesetup
within the framework of PRIs and provided with autonomy, incentives and
powers.
The success of Participatory Irrigation Management is evident from the
achievementsinrespectofWaghadIrrigationProject.
Noda l respons ib i l i t y wou ld be o f Secre ta ry o f Min is t ry o f Wate r
Resources and wou ld have Min is t ry o f Agr i cu l tu re , Urban Deve lopment ,
Po w e r a n d Ru ra l Deve l o pm e n t ( Dep a r tm e n t o f D r i n k i n g W a te r &
San i ta t ion ) as m emb ers At Sta te leve l the Com m i t t ee w ou ld be cha i red
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Fu l l U t i l i za t ion o f Crea ted Faci l i t i es and Enhan c ing Water Prod uct i v i t y th rou ghPar t i c i pa t o ry I r r i ga t i on Managem en t :
A Success St o ry o f Wagh ad I r r i ga t i on P ro j ect
Waghad Irrigation Scheme located in Nashik district of Maharashtra State wascommissioned in 1981. The schemes cultivatable command area 9642 hectare (ha) butonly one-third if it was irrigated as farmers in tail reaches were deprived of the irrigationwater. In 1990, a local civil society called Samaj Parivartan Kendra (centre for socialtransformation) in collaboration with the State Irrigation Department motivated farmers tocome forward in taking over the operation and management of the scheme. At the outset
only 3 Water Users Associations (WUAs) were formed at the tail area of the canalcommand, where barely some 100 ha out of 1150 ha were irrigated. Initially these WUAshad to struggle to get their share of irrigation but with transfer of management to WUAs,farmers in tail area received their quota of irrigation water and thus could irrigate morearea. Enthused with the success of the 3 WUAs, farmers from the entire commandgradually formed 24 WUAs. As a step forward, in the year 2003, all the WUAs joined theirforces to take over the operation and management of the entire irrigation scheme byforming an apex organization called Waghad Project Level Water Users Association(PLWUA).
PLWUA undertakes the water management with technical guidance and support fromWater Resources Department. Water is supplied volumetrically at the head of the canaland subsequently the PLWUA distributes the water among 24 WUAs as per their demandand entitlements. WUAs further distribute water among their members. As average landholding of farmers is very small (0.5 to 1.0 ha), volumetric supply to each farm holding isdifficult, so farmers have devised innovative way to share water on time basis. The PLWUAcollect water charges from its member associations. Management transfer to PLWUA hasresulted in to 100% utilization of irrigation potential, saving in water, crop diversification,and 100% collection of water charges. Status of area irrigated, recovery of water chargesetc. is as under.
Sl.No.
Description Before formationof PLWUA(1980-
90)
After formationof PLWUA(2006-09)
1 Average area irrigated 3,212 ha 10,750 ha
2 Mode of water supply Area basis Volumetric basis
3 Average water charges recovery Rs 3 lakhs Rs 22 lakhs
4 Recovery of water charges 60% 100%
5 Crop pattern Restricted Cropping
freedom6 Water entitlement No entitlement Transparent &enforceable
The major outcome has been in the form of considerable increase in the farmers incomefrom about Rs 60,000 per hectare in 2003-04 to about Rs 1,20,000 in 2008-09.
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Table 3.4: Recommended Strategies in respect of Goal 4 -Increasing water useefficiency by 20%
Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
(a)TheMissiontotakeinto
accounttheprovisionsof
theNationalWaterPolicy
anddevelopaframeworkto
optimizewateruseby
increasingwateruse
efficiencyby20%,(b)
Increaseintheefficiencyof
wateruseindomesticand
industrialsector,(c)Need
forincentivestoadoptwater-neutralorwater-
positivetechnologies,(d)
Waterrecycleandreuse,(e)
Ensuringmoreeffective
managementofwater
resources,(f)TheMission
toseektoensurethata
considerableshareofthe
waterneedsofurbanareas
aremetthroughrecyclingof
wastewater;andensuring
thatthewaterrequirements
ofcoastalcitieswith
inadequatealternative
sourcesofwateraremetthroughadoptionofnew
andappropriate
technologiessuchaslow
temperaturedesalination
technologies that allow for
StrategyIV.1
Research in area of increasing water use efficiencyand maintaining its quality in agriculture, industry anddomestic sectorImprovementinefficiencyofwateruseandthatof
waterutilizationfacilitiesforincreasingfoodand
watersecuritythroughincreasingusablewaterby(i)
Minimisinginadvertentevaporationfromwater
loggedareas,barrenland,agriculturalfieldsbetween
crops,wetsoilbetweencroprowsinirrigatedfields,
(ii)Increasingstoragesinwaterusesystemsbyuse
ofgroundwaterspaceasstorage,throughenhanced
fluctuationslikepumpingwaterfromTeraitodeplete
groundwaterbeforefloods,conjunctiveuseintime,
withlargergroundwateruseinbadyears,more
efficientuseofvadosezonemoisturestorage,
repeateduseofsurfacestorageduringwetseason,
increasingstoragesandcarryoverstoragesthrough
implementingaprogrammeforraisingdamheights,(iii)Increasingwateruseefficiencybyencouraging
re-useofreturnwater,modernizationofcanalsand
distributionsystems,(iv)Participatorymanagement
bywaterusersforincreasedefficiency,and(v)
Identificationandevaluationofcropvarietiesusing
extremeconditionsofwater,designforappropriate
croppingpatternsandadoptionofintegratedfarming
systemetc.includingincentivesforefficientuseof
water.
StrategyIV.2
Incentivize recycling of water including wastewatera Incentivize recycling of water including
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
d Strictenforcementofprovisionsinrespectofwastewatertreatment.
StrategyIV.3Development of Eco-friendly sanitation system
(a)Mandatorywater
assessmentsandaudits;
ensuringproperindustrialwastedisposal,(b)
TheMissiontoseek
developmentofnew
regulatorystructures,
combinedwithappropriate
entitlementsandpricing
StrategyIV.4
Improve efficiency of urban water supply system a Initiatebenchmarkstudiesforurbanwateruse
andintroduceconceptofwaterefficiencyindex
forurbanareas.
b Developknowledgebankforurbanwatersupplyanduse.
c Adoptvolumetricmeteringforurbanwatersupply.
d Watersupplysystemtobemadesustainablethroughappropriatepricing.
StrategyIV.5
Efficiency labeling of water appliances and fixtures
(a)Ensuringmoreeffective
managementofwater
resources,(b)National
WaterMissiontoseektooptimizetheefficiencyof
existingirrigationsystems,
includingrehabilitationof
systemsthathavebeen
rundownandalsoexpand
irrigation,wherefeasible,
withaspecialefforttoincreasestoragecapacity,
and(c)incentivestructures
tobedesignedtopromote
adoptionoflargescale
programmes which rely on
StrategyIV.6
Promotion of water efficient techniques andtechnologies
a Promotionofmicroirrigationtechniquessuchassprinkleranddripirrigation.
b ExpandFarmersParticipatoryActionResearchProgramme.
StrategyIV.7
Undertake Pilot projects for improvement in wateruse efficiency in collaboration with Statesa. Pilotprojectforimprovingwateruseefficiency.b. Pilotprojectforimprovingefficiencyofwatersystem.
StrategyIV.8
Promote Water Regulatory Authorities for ensuringequitable water distribution and rational charges forwater facilities
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
Wheretheresource
requirementsoftheMission
callforanenhancementof
allocationintheXIPlan,this
willbesuitablyconsidered,
keepinginviewtheoverall
resourcepositionandthe
scopeforre-prioritization.
StrategyIV.10
Adequate provision for operation & maintenance ofwater resources projects
Provisionsforoperationandmaintenanceofthe
projectstobeappropriatelyenhanced.
StrategyIV.11 Incentive through award for water conservation &efficient use of water.StrategyIV.12
Incentivize use of efficient irrigation practices andfully utilize the created facilities
a Preparationofappropriateguidelines.
b InitiationofactionsbytheStatesandother
agencies.
Details of the strategies are discussed in the recommendations of the Sub-
CommitteesandthesameareincludedinthevolumeIIoftheMissionDocument.
3.5 Goal5:Promotionofbasinlevelintegratedwaterresourcesmanagement
Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management is a very
importantgoal identifiedfornationalwaterMission.Variousstrategiesidentifiedunder
thegoalare(a)ReviewofNationalWaterPolicy;(b)ReviewofStateWaterPolicy;(c)
Guidelinesfordifferentusesofwatere.g.,irrigation,drinking,industrialetcparticularlyin
context of basin wise situations; (d) Planning on the principle of integrated water
resources development and management; (e) Inter-basin integration particularly for
augmenting water by converting surplus flood water into utilizable water; and (f)
Ensuringconvergenceamongvariouswaterresourcesprogrammes.
Noda l responsib i l i t y w i l l be o f the Min is t ry o f Wate r Resources.
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Table 3.5: Recommended Strategies in respect of Goal 5 - Promotion of basin levelintegrated water resources management
Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
(a)NationalWaterPolicyto
bere-visitedinconsultation
withStatestoensurebasin
levelmanagement
strategiestodealwithvariabilityinrainfalland
riverflowsduetoclimate
change,(b)NationalWater
Missiontoensuremore
equitabledistributionboth
acrossandwithinStates,
and(c)Prioritizing
watershedsvulnerableto
flowchangesand
developingdecisionsupport
systemstofacilitatequick
andappropriateresponses.
StrategyV.1
Review of National Water Policy a ReviewofNationalWaterPolicybyMoWR
particularlywithaviewtoensure(i)integratedwaterresourcesmanagementforhelpingtoconservewater,minimizewastageandensuremoreequitabledistribution,(ii)considerationofprecipitationasbasicwaterresource,(iii)evaporationmanagementasanimportantstrategy,(iv)basinlevelmanagementstrategies,(v)appropriateentitlementandpricing,and(vi)appropriateregulatorymechanism.
b ConsultationwithStatesandtheStakeholders. c AdoptionofrevisedpolicybytheGovernment.
StrategyV.2
Review of State Water Policy
StrategyV.3
Guidelines for different uses of water e.g., irrigation,drinking, industrial etc particularly in context of basinwise situations
(a)Encouragewaterharvesting,(b)Encourage
non-agriculturaltypedevelopmentsofthetype
wherenotmuchwaterisrequired,(c)Piped
surfacewaterforclustersofvillageswith
groundwaterqualityproblems,(d)Carefuluse
ofdualpipesupplysystemstoconservewater
withdueconsiderationtosimultaneous
planningforseweragelinesinurbanareastoensurepreventionofpollutionofwatersources
(e)Encouragingleakagecontrolprogrammes
(f)Considerationofdesalinationasanoption,
forsupplytourbancoastalcommunities,(g)
R l ti f i h t ithd l f
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Key areas highlighted inNAPCC
Recommended strategies and identified action points
potentialofefficientwaterusesystems,
exploringbilateraljointventuresforfunding
CDMprojects,(k)Promotionofwaterefficient
fixtures,(l)Incentivisationforrecyclingwaste
water.
(a)NationalWaterMission
toensureintegratedwaterresourcemanagement
helpingtoconservewater,
minimizewastageand
ensuremoreequitable
distributionbothacrossand
withinStates,and(b)
Integratedwaterpoliciesto
copewithvariabilityin
rainfallandriverflowatthe
basinlevel.
StrategyV.4
Planning on the principle of integrated waterresources development and management
a Preparationofappropriateguidelines
b InteractionwithStates
c Adoptionandapplicationofguidelinesby
projectauthoritiesandappraisingagencies
d AmendmenttoRiverBoardActunderentry56
ofUnionlisttomakeitmoreeffective
e Settingupofriverbasinorganizations.
StrategyV.5
Inter-basin integration particularly for augmentingwater by converting surplus flood water into utilizablewater
Expeditiousformulationoftheprojectsforutilizationofsurplusfloodwaterforbeneficialuseofthesocietyandimplementationofprojectsafterevaluatingcostsandland
acquisitionproblems.StrategyV.6
Ensuring convergence among various waterresources programmes
Convergenceamongvariousprogrammes
relatedtowaterresourcesdevelopmentand
managementparticularly(i)CAD&WM,RRRof
WaterBodies,Groundwaterrechargethrough
dugwellsprogrammesofMinistryofwaterresources,(ii)NREGAofMinistryofRural
Development,(iii)Drinkingwatersupplyof
DepartmentofDrinkingWater&Sanitation
(MinistryofRuralDevelopment),(iv)Integrated
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DetailsofthestrategiesarediscussedintherecommendationsoftheSub-
Committees and the same are included in the volume II of the Mission
Document.
Asmentionedabove,thestrategiesaredescribedindetailsinthereportof
theSub-committeesandthesameareincludedinthevolume IIoftheMission
Document. More than one Sub-committees have discussed some of the
strategies.This is due to the fact that various issues related to the impact of
climate change on water resources are closely inter-related and there is
considerable inter-dependence. However, effortshave beenmade tominimizethescopeofduplicationwhileidentifyingthestrategiesandfinalizingtheoverall
targetandthetimelinessforplanningandmonitoringbytheHighLevelSteering
Committee[asdiscussedinchapter4].
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4.1 Proposedmonitoringandevaluationmechanism
Inviewofabovecitedposition,appropriatemeasuresformitigationoftheimpact
ofclimatechangeonwaterresources,asalsotheadaptivemeasuresarerequiredtobe
undertaken by respective ministries and the State Governments. However, for
identificationofthemostappropriatemeasuresfromthenationalperspectivesand for
ensuring effective implementation of the identified activities, it is necessary to have
proper co-ordination among all the stakeholders on one hand and the various
implementingagenciesontheotherhand.
Box2
InstitutionalSetupforNationalWaterMission
BoardforNationalWaterMissionHeadedbytheHonbleMinisterofWater
Resources
HighLevelSteeringCommitteeHeadedbytheSecretarytotheGovernment
ofIndia,MinistryofWaterResources(withintersectoralAdvisoryGroupin
respectofeachofthefiveidentifiedGoals)
MissionSecretariatheadedbyMissionDirectorandsupportedbyone
Advisor(Technical)andoneAdvisor(Coordination&Monitoring)and
othersupportingStaff
TechnicalCommitteeonClimateChangeandWaterResources
headedby
Chairman,
Central
Water
Commission
Central
LevelSetup
ClimateChange
Cell
in
CentralWater
Commission
ClimateChange
Cell
in
BrahmaputraBoardClimate
Change
Cell
in
NationalInstituteof
Hydrology
ClimateChange
Cell
inCentralGround
WaterBoard
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Inviewofabove,atwo-tiersetuphasbeenproposedoneatCentrallevelandthe
otheratStatelevel.ThesetupisillustratedinBox-2.ABoardunderthechairmanshipof
HonbleUnionMinisterofWaterResourcesisproposedtobeapexbodyforframingthepoliciesandguidelinesforimplementationoftheNationalWaterMission.Theproposed
Board will have representative from States and Central Ministries / Organizations,
experts, representatives from professional organizations etc. The composition of the
BoardisatAnnexure-II.AHighLevelSteeringCommitteeheadedbytheSecretaryto
the Government of India, Ministry ofWater Resources and comprising ofmembers
representingconcernedMinistries,Experts,Non-GovernmentalOrganisations(NGOs)
etc.hassincebeenconstituted.ItisproposedtofurtherexpandtheSteeringCommitteeto include representatives from State Governments and representatives from
professional organizations and private agencies dealing with water resources. The
proposedcompositionoftheHighLevelSteeringCommitteeisatAnnexureIII.There
wouldbeinter-sectrolAdvisoryGroupforeachofthefiveidentifiedgoalsoftheMission.
ThecompositionoftheAdvisoryGroupsareatAnnexureIV(a)toIV(e)
Similarly,MoWRhasalsoconstitutedaTechnicalCommitteeonClimateChangeand Water Resources under the Chairmanship of Chairman, CWC. The Technical
Committees also includes representatives from NGOs. It is proposed to further
strengthen the Committee by including representatives from Water Resources
Departments of State Governments / State Government Organizations dealing with
research and management of water resources. The revised Composition of the
TechnicalCommittee is atAnnexure V. Specific cells for carryingout research and
studies on the impact of climate change on water resources have been created at
National Institute of Hydrology, Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water
BoardandBrahmaputraBoard.
4.2 Institutionalset-up
Asindicatedabove,theobjectiveof theNationalWaterMissioncanbeachievedonly
through proper co-ordination, closed monitoring and in-depth evaluation at regular
interval.Therefore,adedicatedSecretariatis considerednecessary.It isproposed to
haveaverycompactMissionSecretariatheadedbyaMissionDirector(whocouldbea
professionaloranexpert)intherankofAdditionalSecretarytotheGovernmentofIndia.
Th Mi i Di ld b i d i h fi i l & d i i i
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suitabilityofthepersonswithaviewtoensurethattheobjectivesoftheNationalWater
Missionare implementedina timeboundmanners.ThepostsofMissionDirector for
NationalWaterMissionand thetwoAdvisorsareproposed tobecreated.Necessarysecretarial assistance could be either provided by the MoWR or outsourced. The
proposed composition of theMissionSecretariat isat Annexure VI. The three cells
createdinNIH,CWCandBBandtheoneproposedatCGWBforresearchandstudies
on impact of climate change onwater resourceswould provide necessary inputand
assistance to the Mission Secretariat. TheMission Secretariatmay also engage the
servicesofconsultantoroutsourcetheservicesofprofessionalsonspecificmattersas
andwhenrequired.
StateGovernmentswouldberequested tosetupMonitoringCommitteeunder
theChairmanshipofthePrincipalSecretary/SecretaryinchargeofWaterResources.
The State Government would also be requested to create Climate Change Cell at
appropriate level. In case of States with considerable potential for water resources
development, the cellshould be headedby anofficer in thegradeofChief EngineerwhereasinsmallerStates,itcouldbeheadedbyaSuperintendingEngineer.
4.3 ActionPlanandtimelines
The identified strategies foraddressing the issues related to impactof climate
changeonwaterresourcesaredescribedinChapter 3.Specifictargets, thetimeline
forimplementationoftheidentifiedstrategiesandactionpointsandthenodalagencies/organizationsareatAnnexureVII.
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Chapter5
Research and Development, Training and Capacity Building
Oneof themost important area for research and development is the Climate
changesandwaterresources,particularlyinthefieldof(a)impactofclimatechangeon
water resources, (b) efficacy for various measures for mitigating the impact of the
projectedchangesinthewaterresources,(c)changesneededinpolicy&planningand
managementpracticestooptimallyutilizetheresources;and(d)adaptationmeasures,
theirimpactsandefficacy.MoWRhasdulyidentifiedtheneedforresearchintheareaofimpact of climate changeonwater resources and this area constitutes an important
componentoftheschemeforResearchandDevelopmentforXIPlan.NIH,apremier
research institute in the fieldofhydrologyhas already initiated research in the area.
CWC andBB have also taken up studies in the field and have initiated actions for
establishmentofadditionalhydrologicalobservationsitesparticularlythoserequiredfor
assessment of impact of climate change and glaciersand snowmelt.With a view to
actively associate the reputed academic institutions, MoWR has also decided to
establish Professorial Chairs. These institutions have been associated for specific
studies related to impact of climate change on water resources. Indian Institute of
Technology,RoorkeeandNationalInstituteofTechnology,Srinagarareassociatedwith
studiesinrespectofIndusbasin.IndianInstituteofTechnology,KanpurandNational
InstituteofTechnology,Patnahasbeenassignedwiththeresponsibilityofresearchand
studies related toGanga basin. Indian Institute ofTechnology, Guwahati and Indian
Institute ofTechnology,Kharagpurwill contribute in assessmentof impact of climate
change in respectofBrahmaputrabasin.MoWR hasalso assigned studies to Indian
Institute ofScience,Bangalore in respectof impact ofclimate change in rainfall and
waterresourcesofpeninsularriverbasins.Dependinguponthespecificrequirements,
moreinstitutionscouldbeassociated.
Capacity building and training of various stakeholders particularly that of
PanchayatiRajInstitutions,UrbanLocalBodiesandWaterUsersAssociationhasbeen
identifiedasanimportantactivity.ThecapacitybuildingforResearchInstitutes,Water
andLandManagementInstitutesandAcademicInstitutionsinvariousstateshasalso
been identified as an important activity under the scheme for Research and
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projectionofimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresourcesetc.arebasedonnumerous
assumptions and need considerable improvement. Further, in view of considerable
variation in factor affecting such changes, the techniques developed in a specificcountryorinaregionmaynotbereplicated.Itisconsiderednecessarytohavetrained
professionalinthearea.Althoughthereareschemesfortrainingintheareaofwater
resources,it isproposed toprovideadditional resources forthepurposeandensure
thatthepolicymakersarefullyconversantwithvariousaspectsandtheprofessional
are adequately trained to address the issues.The trainingprogrammemay include
study tours and specialized training abroad also. It is also proposed to associate
variousacademicinstitutions,Water&LandManagementInstitutesandreputedNon-governmental Organizations in organizing the training and capacity building
programmes.
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Chapter6
Prioritization of Strategies
Relativelyverylargetemporalandspatialvariationinrainfallandconsequentlyin
theriverflowandgroundwateraquifersisanimportantfeatureofthewaterresourcesin
India.Althoughtheimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresourceshasnotbeenfullyand
accuratelyquantified,variousstudiesindicatethatthelikelyimpactofclimatechangeon
water resources could contribute to further intensification of the extreme events.
Further,thefeaturesofwaterresourcesboththeavailabilityandthequalitymayalsoconsiderably be affected by the changes in the land use through urbanization,
industrializationandchangesin theforestcover.Realizingthat thevariousprocesses
whichinfluencethehydrologiccycleareofdynamicnature,precisequantificationofthe
impact specifically due toclimate changemay not bea simple task and itwould be
necessary tomake suitable assumption at the initial stages and undertake detailed
simulation studies with more and more data as they become available with time.
However,thelikelyimplicationsofclimatechangeonwaterresourcescouldbeinthe
formof:
DeclineintheglaciersandthesnowfieldsintheHimalayas; Increaseddroughtlikesituationsduetooveralldecreaseinthenumberof
rainydaysinmanypartsofthecountry;
Increasedfloodeventsduetooverallincreaseintherainydayintensity;
Effect ongroundwaterquality inalluvialaquifers due to increased floodanddroughtevents;
Influence on groundwater recharge due to changes in precipitation andevapo-transpiration;and
Increasedsalineintrusionofcoastalandislandaquifersduetorisingsealevels.
From the above, it is apparent that in the context of likely impact of climate
changeonwaterresourcesthemostvulnerableareasinIndiawouldinclude(a)drought
proneareas,(b)floodproneareas,(c)thecoastalregions,(d)theregionwithdeficient
rainfall, (e) areas with over-exploited, critical and semi-critical stage of ground water
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keyconclusionsdrawninthereporttitledClimateChangeImpactinDroughtandFlood
AffectedAreas:CaseStudiesinIndiaare:
Gooddevelopmentisalsogoodadaptationpolicy; High risks call for greater income diversification need for finding new
instrumentsforpromotingincomediversification;
Climatechangecutsacrosssectoralboundaries;and There is need to build greater linkages between sectors and integrate
manyexcellentprogrammesalreadyinexistence.
Thereporthasrecommendedthefollowingstrategiesthatwouldhelpinreducing
theexposuretoclimaterisksandinbuildingadaptiveresilience.
Strengtheningclimateinformationsystemandmechanism Fostering climate-resilient reforms in agriculture and water resources
management
Supporting themanagement of climate risks with economic mechanismandinstruments
Improvinginstitutionalcapabilitiesandlinkagesinsectoralprogrammes.
Variousissuesrelatedtotheimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresourcesare
duly addressed under different strategies identified to achieve the five goals of the
NationalWaterMission. However, it isnecessary toprioritise the variousstrategiesparticularlywith a view to address the specific areaswhich are likely to be affected
adverselybythelikelyimpactsoftheclimatechange.
Needless tosay, the firstandthe foremostpriority istoput inplaceasuitable
mechanismforoperationalisingtheNationalWaterMissionforcoordinatedactionsfor
addressingtheimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresources.Asindicatedinthereport,
it is proposed to create a dedicated Mission Secretariat in the Ministry of WaterResourceswhich will coordinate the various actions. It isproposed toestablish the
MissionSecretariatonpriority. Further, thefollowingspecificactionpointshavebeen
identifiedtobetakenuponpriority.
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Projection of the impact of climate change on water resources particularly inareasvulnerabletoclimatechange.
Research inareaof increasingwateruseefficiency inagriculture, industryanddomesticsector
UndertakePilotprojectsforimprovementinwateruseefficiencyincollaborationwithStateswithfocusonareasvulnerabletoclimatechange
CapacitybuildingandawarenessprogrammeincludingthoseforPanchayatiRajInstitutions,WaterUsersAssociations,urbanlocalbodiesdealingwithwaterand
primaryuserswithactiveinvolvementofNGOs.
B.ImprovementinManagementPractices
Promoteparticipatoryirrigationmanagement EncourageparticipationofNGOsinvariousactivitiesrelatedtowaterresources
management,particularlyinplanning,capacitybuildingandmassawareness
Involve and encourage corporate sector / industries to take up support andpromotewaterconservation,augmentationandpreservationwithin theindustry
andpartofcorporatesocialresponsibility
Adequateprovisionforoperationandmaintenanceofwaterresourcesprojects Incentivizeuseofefficientirrigationpracticesandfullyutilizethecreatedfacilities
C.ExpeditiousImplementationofSpecificStrategies
Expeditious implementation of water resources projects particularly themultipurposeprojectswithcarryoverstoragesbenefittingdroughtproneandraindeficitareas
Promotionoftraditionalsystemofwaterconservation Intensive programme for ground water recharge in over-exploited areas with
activeinvolvementofPRIs,ULBsandNGOs
Conservationandpreservationofwetland Systematicapproachforcopingwithfloodspreparationofmasterplanforflood
management with due emphasis on non-structural measures for flood
managementnamelyfloodforecasting,floodplainzoningetc.
D.Policy&Planning
R i f N ti l W t P li
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It is proposed that the establishment of the Mission Secretariat and
implementation of keyprioritizedstrategieswouldbeundertakenand encouragedbyMinistryofWaterResourcesbyappropriatelymodifyingtheexistingschemesboth in
termsoftheirscopeandoutlays.
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Chapter7
Outline of the Plan for Operationalization of National Water Mission
The following action points are proposed for operationalisation of the
identified strategiesunder NationalWaterMission both long term as well as
shorttermbasis.
Strategies Proposed approach forimplementation of the strategies
Stage-I - Taking Up The Prioritized Strategies1 Establishment of Mission Secretariat Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemeforResearch&
Developmentbysuitably
modifyingthesame.
2 Research, studies & capacity building
Development of water resources
informationsystem
Research and studies on all aspects
AWaterResourcesInformation
SystemandaWeb-enabled
GroundWaterResources
InformationSystemisbeing
developedundertheexisting
schemesofMinistryofWater
Resources.Itisproposedto
suitablymodifytheschemesto
fullyachievetheobjectives.
Focusedattentionwillbegivento
areasvulnerabletoclimate
change.
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
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Strategies Proposed approach forimplementation of the strategies
Reassessment of basin-wise water
situation
Projection of the impact of climate
changeonwaterresources
Research in area of increasing water
use efficiency in agriculture, industry
anddomesticsector
Undertake Pilot projects for
improvement inwateruseefficiency in
collaborationwithStates
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemesbysuitablymodifyingthe
same.Thisexercisewillbe
carriedoutbyCWC,CGWBand
NIHincollaboration/consultation
withtheconcernedState
Governments.
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemeforResearch&
Developmentbysuitably
modifyingthesame.Academic/
ResearchInstitutionssuchas
IITs,Roorkee,Kanpur,KharagpurandGuwahati,NITs,Patna&
Srinagar,IISc,Bangalore,CWC,
CGWB,BrahmaputraBoardand
NIHarealreadyinvolvedinthe
exercise.
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemeforResearch&
Developmentbysuitably
modifyingthesame
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemesbysuitablymodifyingthe
sameandincollaborationwith
concernedMinistriesandother
organizations,particularlywiththe
MinistryofAgriculturewith
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Strategies Proposed approach forimplementation of the strategies
programme including those forPanchayati Raj Institutions, Water
UsersAssociations urban localbodies
dealingwithwaterandprimaryusers
schemesnamely(a)NationalWaterAcademy,(b)RajivGandhi
NationalGroundWaterTraining
andResearchInstitute,and(c)
Information,Educationand
Communicationbysuitably
modifyingthescopeandoutlayfor
therespectiveschemes.Itisalsoproposedtoactivelyinvolveother
agenciesparticularlyAgricultural
ResearchInstitutes,Agricultural
UniversitiesandWaterandLand
ManagementInstitutes(WALMIs)
incapacitybuildingand
awarenesscreationprogrammes.Itisproposedtoidentifyreputed
NGOswithexpertiseand
experienceinwatersectorand
involvethemalsointhisexercise.
Theaccessofwaterrelated
informationthroughWater
ResourcesInformationSystemandWeb-enabledGroundWater
ResourcesInformationSystem
wouldalsobeeffectivelyusedfor
awarenesscreationandcapacity
building.
3 Improvement in Management Practices Promote participatory irrigation
management
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemeCommandArea
DevelopmentandWater
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Strategies Proposed approach forimplementation of the strategies
Encourage participation of NGOs in
various activities related to waterresources management, particularly in
planning, capacity building and mass
awareness
Involveandencouragecorporatesector
/ industries to take up support andpromote water conservation,
augmentation and preservation within
theindustryandpartofcorporatesocial
responsibility(CSR)
Adequate provision for operation and
ReputedNGOsareproposedtobeidentifiedandinvolvedin
capacitybuildingandhand
holdingininitialstagesof
formationofWaterUsers
Associations.
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemesbysuitablymodifyingthesame.ReputedNGOswith
expertiseandexperienceinwater
managementwillbeidentifiedand
activelyinvolved.
Tobecoveredundertheexisting
schemesbysuitablymodifyingthesame.Regularinteractionwith
corporatesectorthroughtheir
associationssuchasCII,
ASSOCHAM,FICCIetc.willbe
organizedforencouragingthemto
adoptwaterconservation
practicesandwaterefficienttechnologies.Theywillalsobe
encouragedtotakeupwaste
watertreatment,recyclingand
reusetominimizewater
consumptioninindustriesand
alsotakeuprainwaterharvesting
andrechargeofgroundwaterin-
houseaswellasapartofCSR.
Through promotion of Water
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Strategies Proposed approach forimplementation of the strategies
Conservation and preservation of
wetland
Systematic approach for coping with
floods preparationofmaster plan forflood managementwith due emphasis
on non-structural measures for flood
managementnamely flood forecasting,
floodplainzoningetc.
takenuponalargescalebyconvergingandpoolingresources
fromotherprogrammessuchas
MNREGP,Watershed
DevelopmentProgrammeand
RuralDrinkingWaterProgramme.
States,PRIs,ULBsandNGOswill
beextensivelyinvolved.
Ministry of Environment and
Forests to suitably address the
issuesintheirexistingschemes
Activities to be undertaken by
Central Water Commission,GangaFloodControlCommission
and Brahmaputra Board in
consultation with Ministry of
Environment and Forests,
National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) and State
Governments.
5 Policy & Planning ReviewofNationalWaterPolicy
Preparation of guidelines for different
uses of water e.g. irrigation, drinking,
Action has already been initiated
by MoWR in consultation with all
stake holders, particularly, State
Governmentsandcivilsociety.
To beprepared byCentralWater
Commission / CGWB in
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Strategies Proposed approach forimplementation of the strategies
purposesparticularlythedrinkingwaterand food production with due
consideration to the environmental
issues
Governmentof India.Civil societygroupswillbeconsulted.
Stage-II Comprehensive Planning for Water Resources Management Planning of water resources from
national perspective for meeting the
requirements for various purposes
particularlythedrinkingwaterandfood
productionwithdueconsiderationtothe
environmentalissues
Master Plan for Flood Management
with due emphasis on non-structural
measures for flood management
namely flood forecasting, flood plain
zoning
Basedontheactivitiescarriedoutby Central Water Commission,
CGWB, Department of Drinking
Water & Sanitation, Ministry of
Rural Development in respect of
Planning of water resources from
national perspective for meeting
the requirements for variouspurposes particularly the drinking
waterandfoodproductionwithdue
considerationtotheenvironmental
issues, an outline of the activities
tobeundertakenduringXII&XIII
Planwouldbeprepared.
Basedontheactivitiescarriedout
by Central Water Commission,
Ganga Flood ControlCommission
andBrahmaputraBoard,anoutline
of the activities to be undertaken
during XII & XIII Plan would be
prepared
Stage-III Implementation of Various Activities Emerging Out of Comprehensive
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Chapter8
Additional Fund Requirement
The important issueofclimatechangeand itsimpactonwaterresourceswere
dulyconsideredbytheWorkingGroupforXIPlanonWaterResourcesconstitutedby
the Planning Commission. The related issues are broadly reflected in the
recommendations of the Working Group. The XI Plan scheme of the MoWR for
ResearchandDevelopmenthasalsolaiddueemphasisontheresearchintheareaof
impactofclimatechangeasalsoontheneedforimprovingtheefficiencyofwateruseandthatofthefacilitiescreatedforwaterutilization.TheallocationsforXIPlanhave,
therefore,somespecificprovisionsinrespectofresearchanddevelopmentinthearea
ofimpactofclimatechangeonwaterresources.
The variousSub-Committees have identified additional funds requirements for
implementation of activities for addressing the specific issues related to impact of
climate change on water resources. As per the projections of the various sub-committees, the totalestimated additional fundofaboutRs. 89,101 croreswould be
requiredduringtheXIPlanandXIIPlanperiodforbothStateandCentralPlan.
Inthisregard,it isobservedthatmostoftheactivitiesaretobeimplementedby
therespectiveStateGovernments.Further,theactivitiesarecloselyinter-linkedwiththe
severalongoingschemesforwaterresourcesdevelopmentandmanagement.Itisalso
observedthatwhileanumberofactivitieshavetocontinueonlongtermbasis,someof
theactivitiesarerequiredtobetakenuponpriority,particularlytheactivitiesrelatedto
vulnerable areas. Various activities proposed to be taken up on priority have been
identifiedinChapter6.
Inviewofabove,itisproposedtotakeuptheprioritizedstrategiesthroughthe
continuingschemesoftheMinistryofWaterResourcesbysuitablymodifyingscopeand
outlay of the respective schemes. Proposed approaches for implementation of the
identifiedactivitiestobetakenuponpriorityareindicatedinChapter7.Theoverall
additional requirements for such activities are duly taken into consideration while
working out the revised outlays of the various schemes of the Ministry of Water
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