Doctors Worldwide ensures Sustainable Infrastructure Development at Disaster Sites

8/9/2019 Doctors Worldwide ensures Sustainable Infrastructure Development at Disaster Sites

1/28


2/28

PBHACCKMH

Pbh Daot` ac @kthmpat} mag}k}p} ac kg`ksk`xoi} ctal sot{kgf domeftaxg`} og` }ekii} }a o} pa

~task`h o vk`h dtho`pb ac hr~htpk}h) xg`ht}pog`kgf og` kg~xp) og` }a a~pklk}h `hmk}kag,

loekgf mo~odkikpkh}' Pbh taih ac pbh Daot` k} pa omp kg o `hmk}kag,loekgf mo~omkp{ vkpb thfot`}

pa ~aikm{) ~tajhmp} og` apbht loppht} ~htpokgkgf pa @ampat} Vati`vk`h'

Pbh Mbokt~ht}ag k} galkgoph` ctal vkpbkg pbh Daot`'

Pbh Mbkhc Hrhmxpksh Acckmht) vba àh} gap }kp ag pbh mallkpphh) k} th}~ag}kdih cat asht}hh,

kgf pbh ò{,pa,ò{ txggkgf ac pbh atfogk}opkag) o} vhii o} kl~ihlhgpkgf `hmk}kag} lo`h d{

pbh Daot`) o} vhii o} th~atpkgf dome pa pbhl'

Pbh Daot` ac @kthmpat} 4>>2 , 4>>;

Mboktlog @t Gojhhd ToblogMal~og{ ]hmthpot{ @t ]o`òc Oiol

@kthmpat} @t ]ag{o Oblh`

@t ]oekd Dxtzo

Lt Kdtot Lojk`

Lt Eboiki Thblog

Mbkhc Hrhmxpksh Acckmht @t Eogk Patxg


3/28

Pbh ~o}p {hot bo} agmh ofokg }hhg x} pomeihghv mboiihgfh}) o} vhii o} o``th}} ai` agh}'Vkpb kp) malh} o fthopht }hg}h ac lopxtkp{ og`xg`ht}pog`kgf kg laskgf catvot`'

Kp fah} vkpbaxp }o{kgf pbop @ampat} Vati`vk`hvaxi` gap dh vbop kp k} paò{ vkpbaxp pbh }x~~atpac axt iamoi ~otpght}) o} vhii o} axt saixgphht})}x~~atpht} og` àgat}' O }kgmhth pboge {ax pa{ax oii' Kp k} oi}a kl~atpogp pa omegavih`fh pbhtaih ac pbh Daot` ac @kthmpat}) vba magpkgxh pa

vate ~opkhgpi{ og` vkpb ~ht}hshtogmh kg o saixg,pot{ mo~omkp{) `h}~kph pbh kgmtho}h` `hlog`} acpbh atfogkzopkag'

Cxtpbhtlath) @ampat} Vati`vk`h Pxteh{ bo}magpkgxh` pa vate pkthih}}i{ kg }x}pokgkgf }xtfk,moi mol~okfg} odtao`) o} vhii o} kg th}~ag`kgfpa mtk}h} og` hlhtfhgmkh}' Pbh{ oth }x~~atpksh~otpght}) og` vh oth ftophcxi cat pbhkt magptkdx,pkag kg gxtpxtkgf pbh @ampat} Vati`vk`h sk}kag'

Pbk} {hot }ov x} hl~ia{ pva ghv lhldht} ac}pocc) agh ac vba}h taih vo} lath fhoth` pa,vot`} pbh lotehpkgf og` ~xdikm thiopkag} o}~hmp)vbhth o} pbh apbht camx}h` ag ~tajhmp og` sai,xgphht logofhlhgp' Dapb pbh}h taih} oth `h,log`kgf) og` pbtaxfb pbhl vh ba~h pa magpkgxhpa thckgh pbh vo{ kg vbkmb vh txg axt ~tajhmp})hgfofh vkpb saixgphht}) og` ~th}hgp axt}hish}pa pbh ~xdikm) axt àgat}) o} vhii o} apbht ofhg,mkh} og` ~otpght}'

K ba~h pbop pbh caiiavkgf ~ofh} vkii ~task`h kg,}kfbp kgpa pbh vate pbop vh à) og` pbop {axii dhhgmaxtofh` d{ pbh ~ht}agoi ommaxgp} vbkmbbosh dhhg kgmix`h` kg pbh th~atp }axtmh pa `hl,ag}ptoph pbh }kgmhtkp{ og` }~ktkp oth saixgphht}'Vh thlokg agh ac pbh chv atfogkzopkag} pbop hg,maxtofh og` }x~~atp saixgphht} cat ~tajhmp}odtao`) og` `h}~kph kp} mboiihgfh} vh chhi vh}baxi` magpkgxh pa pt{ og` hgodih pbk} pa bo~,~hg' Kp k} }alhpklh} bot` pa }hh vbhth pbh kl,~omp ac o }batp saixgphht ptk~ lo{ dh) dxp kc }ptxm,pxth` o~~ta~tkophi{ og` vkpb pbh tkfbp oppkpx`hog` mktmxl}pogmh}) pbh `ksk`hg`} oth vhii vatpb

pbh hccatp' Kp fah} vkpbaxp }o{kgf bavhsht) pbop}xmb saixgphht,do}h` ~tajhmp} oth oi}a ctoxfbpvkpb tk}e}'

O cxtpbht o}~hmp pbop K ba~h vkii dh thkphtoph` o}{ax ihoc pbtaxfb pbh th~atp vkii dh axt ~aikm{ aciamoi ~otpght}bk~}' Kp acphg }hhl} ho}kht cat pbh~xt~a}h} ac ~tajhmp logofhlhgp pa }hpx~ {axtavg acckmh odtao`) og` logofh o ~tajhmp kg,bax}h' Bavhsht) do}h` ag axt hr~htkhgmh} og`vbop vhsh vkpgh}}h` ag pbh ckhi`) vh chhi pbop

d{ k`hgpkc{kgf og` ikgekgf vkpb iamoi atfogk}o,pkag}) vh mog }x~~atp iamoi mo~omkp{ og` mkskmftavpb) o} vhii o} o lath atfogkm,}p{ih ac ~ta,jhmp `hshia~lhgp vbkmb k} gap `kmpoph` d{ kgpht,gopkagoi ~aikm{) dxp bo} o lxmb lath iamoi cio,saxt' Pbh `kcckmxip{ kg pbk} o~~taomb k} kg k`hgpkc{,kgf pbh tkfbp ekg` ac ~otpght) ~otpkmxioti{ kg hgsk,taglhgp} vbhth mkskm da`kh} bosh gap bo` pbha~~atpxgkp{ pa ftav og` `hshia~' Bavhsht vh}kgmhthi{ dhikhsh pbop kp k} kg pbk} vo{ pbop vh vkii

ihosh o ihfom{ ac }x}pokgodkikp{) og` dhfkg padtk`fh pbh Gatpb,]axpb `ksk`h pbop hrk}p} vkpbkgpbh kgphtgopkagoi GFA }hmpat) og` hgodih iamoimallxgkpkh} pa xg`ht}pog` og` ~tkatkpkzh pbhktghh`}) o} vhii o} bav pa o``th}} pbh mboiihgfh}og` ~tadihl} pbh{ comh cat pbh cxpxth'

Pklh og` pklh ofokg vh bhot ac pbh ptofkm }pa,tkh} ac `hopb og` `k}ho}h) la}p ac vbkmb o~~hotpa dh ~thshgpodih' Vkpb pbk} kg lkg`) vba vaxiìkeh pa ~o{ ptkdxph pa pbh bhoipb }pocc og` motht}

pbop ckt}p thmhksh ~opkhgp}) vbhpbht kp dh vkpb o}x``hg hlhtfhgm{ at o mbtagkm kiigh}}' Acphg kgpbh comh ac o }hshth iome ac th}axtmh}) iklkph`}ekii og` sht{ ikppih }x~~atp) pbh{ comh` pbh òxgp,kgf po}e ac `hikshtkgf bhoipb op pbh ckt}p ~akgp acmagpomp' Cxtpbhtlath) pbhth oth o lxipkpx`h acdottkht} ctal pbh ~ht}~hmpksh ac pbh ~opkhgp ogòmmh}}kgf bhoipb }htskmh}) vbhpbht pbh{ dh mxi,pxtoi) ckgogmkoi at fhafto~bkmoi'

Kp k} kg pbk} thfot` pbop vh dhikhsh vh mog ~ta,sk`h }x~~atp pa mallxgkpkh}) ~tklot{ bhoipbmhgpht}) og` ba}~kpoi} d{ lhog} ac axt saixg,phht} kg }botkgf }ekii} pa bhi~ }x~~atp pbh }kme

MBOKT]LH]]OFH


4/28

vbhg pbh{ ottksh pa o bhoipb comkikp{' Pbh}h }ekii}togfh ctal mallxgkp{ ompkskpkh} pa tok}h ovoth,gh}} ac }kmegh}} og` vbhg pa ~th}hgp pa bhi~comkikp{) kg o``kpkag pa }x~~atpkgf mallxgkp{

bhoipb vateht} kg k`hgpkc{kgf og` comkikpopkgf pbhto~k` ptog}~atp ac }kme ~opkhgp} pa o `h`kmoph`bhoipb comkikp{) o} vhii o} ~task`h cat ghmh}}ot{}ekii} og` ptokgkgf pa lh`kmoi }pxcc op pbh thmhks,kgf xgkp og` ~task`kgf pbhl vkpb do}km hqxk~,lhgp pbop vkii bhi~ }osh iksh}' ]alhpklh} pbhla}p do}km ac pthoplhgp} }xmb o} ar{fhg) cixk`}og` ogpkdkapkm} at ogpkloiotkoi} lo{ bhi~ pa }oshpbh iksh} ac log{) dxp pbh eh{ k} kg ladkikzkgf pbhmallxgkp{ pa fthopht bhoipb ovothgh}} og`

~thshgpkag' Kg pbh `hshia~h` maxgptkh} vh poehcat ftogph` kllxgkzopkag ~taftol}) og` ommh}}pa ~tklot{ bhoipb moth }htskmh}) dxp pbk} k} o ixr,xt{ tothi{ occat`h` pa pbh lojatkp{ ac pbh vati`}~a~xiopkag) og` bo} {hp pa dhmalh o eh{ camx}ac `hshia~lhgp kg ombkhskgf fiadoi bhoipb faoi}'

Op @ampat} Vati`vk`h) vh ba~h pa magpkgxh `h,shia~kgf axt la`hi ac vate) vbkmb kgphftoph}`kcchthgp comhp} ac bhoipbmoth) dxp vkpb o camx}

ag ombkhskgf ommh}}kdkikp{ og` }x}pokgodkikp{' Paà pbk} vh ghh` {axt magpkgxh` }x~~atp og`fxkògmh }a pbop vh mog ombkhsh axt oldkpkag}ac `hikshtkgf mal~thbhg}ksh bhoipb moth pa

pba}h kg ghh`'

Kg`hh`) pbh lath {ax }x~~atp x}) Fa` vkiikgf)pbh lath vhii dh odih pa à) og` pbh fthopht pbhkl~omp vhii loeh pa pbh mallxgkpkh} vh }htsh'

@t Gojhhd Toblog


5/28

@ampat} Vati`vk`h vo} h}podik}bh` kg pbh ]xllhtac 4>>? pa ~task`h lh`kmoi thikhc og` ok` pa pba}hvba oth kg ghh` og` vkpbaxp og{ ommh}} at lhog}pa do}km lh`kmoi moth'

Vh oth o mbotkp{ `h`kmoph` pa pbh ~task}kag acmal~thbhg}ksh lh`kmoi thikhc og` }x~~atp vati`,vk`h'

g axt }batp bk}pat{) @ampat} Vati`vk`h bo} oitho`{~task`h` lh`kmoi moth pa phg} ac pbax}og`} ac ~ha,

~ih kg caxt magpkghgp} o} vhii o} comkikpoph` pbhlh`kmoi thikhc vate ac o gxldht ac apbht gap,cat,~tackp thikhc atfogk}opkag} og` mbotkpkh}' Kg dhkgf ogatfogk}opkag pbop soixh} ~otpght}bk~}) hr~htkhgmhog` th}axtmh}) vh oth mallkpph` pa `hiksht{ achcchmpksh lh`kmoi thikhc pa pba}h pbop ghh` kp'

Vbhpbht kp dh d{ hlhtfhgm{ ~taftollh}) at `h,shia~lhgpoi ~tajhmp}) axt okl ac ok` `hiksht{ k} oi,vo{} vkpb pbh magmh~p ac mo~omkp{ dxki`kgf kg lkg`'

Vh à gap }hh pbh ghh`{ o} skmpkl}) thqxktkgfbogàxp} o} `kmpoph` d{ x}' Topbht pbh{ oth axt~otpght} kg bhi~kgf x} pa xg`ht}pog` pbh tho}ag}dhbkg` pbhkt ghh`) og` kg `hshia~kgf }aixpkag}' Kg,`hh` vh }hh pbhl o} ~ha~ih vkpb `kfgkp{) pt{kgf padxki` o }x}pokgodih cxpxth) `h}~kph pbh ad}pomih}og` mktmxl}pogmh} pbh{ comh' Ctal pbh axp}hp vhbosh oà~ph` o fto}}taap} o~~taomb o} vhii o} ogkgmix}ksh oppkpx`h) vbkmb `k}pkgfxk}bh} x} ctallog{ apbht atfogk}opkag}'

Agh ac pbh eh{ `kcchthgmh} dhpvhhg axt}hish} ogàpbht kgphtgopkagoi mbotkpkh} k} pbop vh bosh o iotfhth}axtmh do}h ac saixgphht} vba vkiikgfi{ àgophpbhkt pklh og` }both pbhkt }ekii} kg at`ht pa o}}k}p kgkl~taskgf pbh }pogòt` ac bhoipb moth ac pba}h kgghh`' Kg o``kpkag) o iotfh ~ta~atpkag ac axt saixg,phht} boki ctal O}kog og` Lx}ikl domeftaxg`}) ogòth bhgmh kgsoixodih kg `hikshtkgf lh`kmoi ok` }aix,pkag} kg o mxipxtoii{ }hg}kpksh logght'

@AMPAT]VATI@VK@HPBH

MAGMH^P


6/28

A^HTOPKAGOIASHTSKHV

Xgkph` Ekgfàl

Ptokgkgf maxt}h} cat

saixgphht} og` Ovoth,

gh}} Hshgp}

@hlamtopkm Th~xdikm ac Magfa

Bhvo Dato Lh`kmoi Mhgpth

Lophtgkp{ ^tajhmp}

Lh`kmoi Thikhc cat K@^}

Lkgat A~htopkag} ^tajhmpGxptkpkag ]x~~atp ^tajhmp

L{oglot

Iamoi saixgphht,txg ~tklot{

bhoipb moth mikgkm}'

Gkfht

Ad}phptkm Ck}pxio

Th~okt ^tajhmp

Fbogo

Saixgphht }x~~atph`

mpkskpkh} op iamoi

a}~kpoi o} vhii o}

allxgkp{ mikgkm}'

Ehg{o

Saixgphht }x~~atph` ompkskpkh}

op o iamoi ba}~kpoi og` ~tk,

lot{ bhoipb moth mikgkm}'

Dogfio`h}bSaixgphht }x~~atph` ompkskpkh}

op mallxgkp{ mikgkm

ôih}pkgh

Thikhc og` bhoipb

kgkpkopksh} kg Fozo

ôek}pog

Mbki`thg} Ba}~kpoi tajhmp

o} ~otp ac thmag}ptxmpkag

~taftollh kg hotpbqxoeh

occhmph` otho}'


7/28

XGKPH@EKGF@AL

Vbop vaxi` {ax à kc at`hth` d{ lkikpko pa bogàsht oii ac {axt lh`kmkgh}) hqxk~lhgp og` shbk,

mih}1 Vaxi` {ax ghfapkoph vkpb votiat`} kg at`htpa fokg ommh}} pa skiiofht} kg ghh` ac bhi~1 Vbopthoii{ lapksoph} {ax pa vogp pa vate odtao`1

Pbh}h vhth }alh ac pbh qxh}pkag} pbop vhfto~~ih` vkpb kg O~tki asht pva ò{} ac @ampat}Vati`vk`h ptokgkgf maxt}h}) op o magchthgmhmhgpth kg Logmbh}pht) gap cot ctal pbh @ampat}Vati`vk`h acckmh' îomh} vhth iklkph` pa pbktp{ pacatp{ ag homb ò{ og` log{ ac pbh opphg`hh}

}po{h` cat dapb ò{}'

Pbh ckt}p ò{ }ov pbh Kgpta`xmpkag pa Bxlogkpot,kog og` Lh`kmoi Thikhc Vate maxt}h dhkgf txgcat pbh pbkt` pklh' Pbk} vo} lath pbog og kgpta,`xmpkag pa thikhc vate' Kp vo} oi}a og kgpta`xmpkagpa pbh @ampat} Vati`vk`h sk}kag) hpba} og` vo{ac vatekgf' Pbh poie} kgmix`h` Lapksopkag cat Th,ikhc Vate) ^th~otopkag dhcath Ihoskgf) Hpbkm} #Bxlogkpotkog ^tkgmk~ih} og` ]hppkgf x~ ]ba~'

@h}~kph pbh hoti{ latgkgf }potp) ~otpkmk~ogp}vhth hgpbx}ko}pkm og` bo~~{ pa kgphtomp vkpb pbh}~hoeht} og` vkpb homb apbht' Homb }h}}kagfhghtoph` kp} avg `k}mx}}kag og` }htkh} acqxh}pkag} oiiavkgf ~otpkmk~ogp} pa hr~iath pbhmagmhtg} pbh{ bo` odaxp thikhc vate og` fkskgfpbh @ampat} Vati`vk`h phol og a~~atpxgkp{ pahiodatoph ag pbh hpbkmoi og` ~tompkmoi mal~ihrk,pkh} ac thikhc vate' Pbhth vo} ~ihgp{ ac `k}mx},}kag ~otpkmxioti{ otaxg` iamoi mo~omkp{ dxki`kgf)bhi~kgf apbht} pa bhi~ pbhl}hish}) og` pbh mbot,

kp{} ~aikm{ ac vatekgf kg ~iomh} vbhth pbhth k}~aphgpkoi pa dxki` mo~omkp{ og` pa ihosh }x}pokg,odih iagf phtl bhoipb ~tajhmp} kg ~iomh'

Pbh ò{ mxilkgoph` vkpb o phol do}h` }mhgotkacat pbh vbaih ftax~ vbkmb bhi~h` pa }bh` }alhikfbp ag pbh ~tompkmoi) iafk}pkmoi og` hpbkmoi `kcck,mxipkh} ac vatekgf vkpb `kcchthgp atfogk}opkag}vkpb `kcchthgp ofhgò}' @hoìkgh} vhth kg lkg,xph}) bavhsht) topbht pbog ò{} at vhhe}) th}xip,

kgf kg saixgphht} tomkgf taxg` pbh magchthgmhtaal}) og` o topbht magskgmkgf okt ac ~ogkm/

O ghv maxt}h) Kgpta`xmpkag pa pbh ^tajhmp M{,mih) vo} bhi` ag pbh }hmag` ò{' Pbk} vo} pbh

lath phmbgkmoi ac pbh pva maxt}h}) vkpb }alh acpbh poie} `hikshth` d{ hrphtgoi ~xdikm bhoipb }~h,mkoik}p}' Poie} kgmix`h`: Kgkpkopkgf og` Mia}kgf^tajhmp}5 Ghh`} O}}h}}lhgp og` Lagkpatkgf^tajhmp}' Dthoeovo{ ftax~ `k}mx}}kag} oiiavh`}alh kg `h~pb hr~iatopkag ac pbh magmh~p} kgpta,`xmh` kg pbh poie} og` pbh ftax~ }mhgotka op pbhhg` ac pbh ò{ vo} jx}p o} ctogpkm o} ag pbh ~th,skax} ò{ og` ~a}}kdi{ hshg cxg/

Cat }alh) pbh ckt}p ò{ vo} ac fthopht dhghckp o}og kgpta`xmpkag pa thikhc vate og` o mbogmh cat}alh }hic,ogoi{}k} vkpb thfot`} pa saixgphhtkgf'Cat apbht} pbh ~tompkmoi o}~hmp} ac pbh }hmag`ò{ fosh lath ac og kg}kfbp kgpa pbh ompxoi vatepbop pbh{ maxi` dh àkgf ag o @ampat} Vati`vk`hptk~'

Vkpb o cokti{ }loii ftax~ ac ~ha~ih) pbh }amkoikgphtompkag og` a~~atpxgkp{ pa loeh ghv ctkhg`}vo} o} lxmb o bkfbikfbp ac pbh vhhehg` o} pbh

poie} og` hrhtmk}h}' Pho dthoe} og` ixgmbpklhoccat`h` ~ihgp{ ac pklh pa `k}mx}} hsht{pbkgfctal mothht} og` thikhc vate pa colki{ og` ikchog`) ac maxt}h) pa ~iog ptk~}/Oii kg oii) pbh vhhehg` vo} pbataxfbi{ hgja{odihcat dapb ~otpkmk~ogp} og` atfogk}ht} og` o topbhtpkth` og` bo~~{ dxgmb ac ~ha~ih ~otph` ag ]xg,ò{ hshgkgf vkpb ~iog} pa ehh~ kg paxmb og` ot,togfh caiiav x~ hshgp} og` ptk~}'Chh`dome ctal pbh maxt}h vo} faa` og` }hs,

htoi opphg`hh} bosh }kgmh dhhg axp ag ptk~} vkpb@ampat} Vati`vk`h) pa agfakgf ~tajhmp} kg Ehg{oog` pa hr~iath a~~atpxgkpkh} pa vate kg Dxtlo'

Vh ba~h pa txg dapb maxt}h} oggxoii{) og` lhhpogapbht ftax~ ac ~aphgpkoi saixgphht} og`ctkhg`}'

Ba~h pa }hh {ax pbhth'

@t ]ag{o Oblh`


8/28

@'T'MAGFA

^tajhmp txg kg ~otpght}bk~ vkpb iamoi GFA "TO@HL+ do}h` kg Ixdxldo}bk) @T Magfa

Ckt}p acckmkoi saixgphht ptk~ vo} kg 4>>0

Lxmb ac ~tajhmp `hshia~lhgp bo} dhhg pbh th}~ag}kdkikp{ ac TO@HL

^tajhmp} }ptog`} kgmix`h kgcto}ptxmpxth }x~~atp d{ lhog} ac dxki`kgf mikgkm}) vbkmb oth pbhg }pocch`

og` txg d{ TO@HL'

Saixgphht} vkpb }~hmkckm }ekii} ptoshiih` pa accht eh{ kg~xp kg `hshia~kgf bhoipb }htskmh ~task}kag

]xllot{ ac Eh{ Bhoipb ^tajhmp Kg`kmopat} cat 4>>2

Ga' ac ~opkhgp} pthoph : ?>) 804' Ga' ac dodkh} `hikshth : ?20?

Ga' ac sommkgopkag} fkshg: =060

Ga' ac diaa` ptog}cx}kag} ~htcatlh`: ?48

Ga' ac ptokghh} thmhksh : ?83

^TAJHMPComp}


9/28

@'T'MAGFAKp bo} dhhg ogapbht dx}{ {hot `xtkgf vbkmb

kgcto}ptxmpxth `hshia~lhgp bo} }hhg pbh mal,

~ihpkag ac cxtpbht txtoi mikgkm}'

Lotmb }ov pbh a~hgkgf ac pbh Ixlopo mikgkm)

agh baxt axp ac pbh lokg mkp{ Ixdxldo}bk' Pbk}

mikgkm k} ~otp ac pbh Skiiofh} ac Ba~h }mbhlh)

og` vkii mal~tk}h o lophtgoi `hiksht{ xgkp kg,

mix}ksh ac a~htopkgf comkikpkh} pa oiiav Moh}ot,

hog }hmpkag} pa dh ~htcatlh` o} vhii o} apbht

ghmh}}ot{ }xtfht{' Pbh kgphgpkag k} oi}a pa `tkii

vopht vhii} pa ~task`h mihog vopht og` oi}a pa

iaae op kgmalh fhghtopkag ctal lkmtamth`kpog` apbht }mbhlh}' Pbh otho oiagf vkpb }xt,

taxg`kgf skiiofh} vkii dh ~otp ac ~khmh ac th,

}hotmb @VV k} xg`htpoekgf iaaekgf op pbh th,

}xip} ac axt kgphtshgpkag} kg pbh otho} ac lh`k,

moi moth) vopht) }ogkpopkag og` kgmalh fhghto,

pkag'

Pva cxtpbht mikgkm} vhth mal~ihph` kg Jxi{ kg

pbh txtoi otho} ac Gfa{ Logk og` Loihldo)

dapb ac pbh}h oth log{ baxt} ctal pbh lokg

mkpkh} og` vkii ~task`h moth ~tkgmk~oii{ kg lo,

phtgoi og` mbki` bhoipb'

Kp k} }bamekgf pa pbkge pbop kg Magfa agh axp ac

hsht{ pva bxg`th` ~thfgogmkh} vkii hg` vkpb

pbh lapbht `{kgf) acphg ctal }kl~ih og` ~th,

shgpodih mox}h}' Pbh ptoxlo og` th~htmx},

}kag} ac pbk} pa og{ colki{ oth `kcckmxip pa mal,

~thbhg` Kg lxmb ac Octkmo kp k} pbh lapbht}vba oth sht{ lxmb pbh i{gmb ~kg ac }amkhp{ kg

dapb colki{ }ptxmpxth dxp oi}a kg oftkmxipxtoi

~ta`xmpkag' Kp k} cat pbk} tho}ag pbop lxmb ac

axt hl~bo}k} bo} dhhg kg ~task`kgf `ampat ih`

bhoipb mikgkm}) }och) mihog hgsktaglhgp} vbhth

do}km }mthhgkgf og` moth mog dh ~task`h` d{

bhoipb }pocc pbtaxfbaxp ~thfgogm{ og` dh{ag`)

dapb cat lapbht} og` pbhkt ghv mbki`'

Cat x} op @ampat} Vati`vk`h pbh dhghckp} acpbh}h mikgkm} bo} dhhg mihot) kg pbh cksh {hot}

}kgmh vh }potph` vatekgf kg Magfa ga lapbht

bo} `kh` kg mbki`dktpb at kg pbh ~a}p ~otpxl ~h,

tka` kg thiopkag pa pbh asht 8>>> dodkh} `hiks,

hth` op axt mikgkm}'

Pbh ghrp mboiihgfh k} pa bhi~ loeh pbh}h mikg,

km} lath }x}pokgodih' Vh ba~h pa ~task`h homb

vkpb }aiot ~oghi} og` oi}a o }loii lkii pa bhi~

ftkg` ftokg vbkmb }baxi` dh odih pa ~task`h o

}loii kgmalh og` oi}a cthh o iap ac pklh cat pbh

iamoi ~a~xiopkag' Kg `hshia~kgf }xmb kgkpkopksh}

do}h` otaxg` pbh mikgkm) vh ba~h pa }hh pbh}h

mhgpth} cxgmpkagkgf o} o bxd) og` pbhthd{ hg,

}xtkgf fthopht xpkikp{ og` ommh}} pa }htskmh}'

Kg txtoi otho}) ommh}} pa bhoipb moth k} oivo{}

`kcckmxip) og` vh ghh` pa dh kggasopksh kg bav

vh mog `hiksht }xmb }mbhlh}) kgmix`kgf pbop ac

}ekiih`) ptokgh` }pocc og` ~b{}kmoi dxki`kgf} og`

hqxk~lhgp'

Axt ^ashtp{ Th`xmpkag ^taftollh vo} cxt,

pbht hrphg`h` pa gav hgmal~o}} asht =3>>

mbki`thg og` pbhkt colkikh}' Pbh ~taftollhhgmal~o}}h} h`xmopkag og` caa` ~task}kag)

vkpb pbh kgkpkopkag pbk} {hot ac og kgphftoph` }kr

lagpbi{ bhoipb }mthhgkgf }htskmh'

O cxtpbht =>)>>> mktmxlmk}kag} vhth mottkh`

axp pbk} {hot' Pbk} pto`kpkagoi ~tompkmh) gav

}bavg pa ~task`h }kfgkckmogp BKS ~thshgpkag pa

loih} bo} dhhg o }htskmh ~task`h` d{ @VV'

Pbk} lkgat a~htopkag) kg pbh vtagf bog`}) mog

mox}h }kfgkckmogp latdk`kp{ og` hshg latpoikp{'

Kg }ptkskgf cat qxoikp{ og` hcchmpkshgh}} axt

}xtfhag,ih` }htskmh okl} pa ~task`h kgphtgo,

pkagoii{ ommh~ph` a~htopkgf phmbgkqxh} vkpb

faa` kgchmpkag magptai' Og kg}ptxmpkag logxoi

bo} dhhg `hshia~h` pa bhi~ vkpb iamoi ptokgkgf)

vbkmb k} ~otpkmxioti{ kl~atpogp o} pbh ~ta,

ftollh k} taiih` axp pa otho} cxtpbht ockhi`'

Agmh ofokg @VV k} xg`htpoekgf o th}hotmb

}xtsh{ iaaekgf op axt avg }xmmh}} og` mal,~ikmopkag toph}'


10/28

Kg `hshia~h` maxgptkh}) ~thfgogm{ og` pbh dktpb ac o mbki` k} }hhg o} o ja{ax} ammo,

}kag' Bavhsht cat pbh lojatkp{ ac pbh vati`} ~a~xiopkag) kp k} o pklh ac fthop tk}e) acphg

hg`kgf kg ptofh`{ cat lapbht) cahpx} og` colki{' Dxp pbh dkffh}p ptofh`{ k} pbop la}p ac

pbh}h mal~ikmopkag} mog dh ~thshgph` d{ }kl~ih kgphtshgpkag}) }xmb o} ~task`kgf o

mihog ~iomh pa `hiksht pbh dod{) og` boskgf o ptokgh` dktpb opphg`ogp ~th}hgp `xtkgf io,

daxt og` `hiksht{' Vh oth catpxgoph pbop kg @T Magfa vh bosh o }hpx~ pbop oiiav} x}pa `hshia~ pbh lophtgoi bhoipb kgcto}ptxmpxth) og` }aag) vh vkii hr~og` ag ptokgkgf'

8 vaxi` ~o{ cat o valog} lophtgoi moth

Vh oth ~tax` ac pbh comp pbop kg TO@HL vh bosh caxg` o ~otpght vbkmb bo} pbtksh` ag axt kgsh}p,

lhgp' Kp bo} hgodih` o iamoi GFA pa th}~ag` pa iamoi ~tadihl}) kgmix`kgf gopkagoi hlhtfhgmkh}) }xmb

o} o lho}ih} og` mbaihto axpdthoe) og` pbh magfflkmp kg Falo' ]xmb th}~ag}h k} gatloii{ ihcp kg pbh

thoil} ac iotfht kgphtgopkagoi GFA}' Kp oi}a lhog} pbop vh mog bosh og bagh}p `hdoph odaxp vbop k}

ghh`h` kg phtl} ac ~tajhmp og` atfogk}opkagoi `hshia~lhgp) og` vb{' Pbk} bo} dhhg la`hi ac vate,

kgf pbop vh o}~kth pa kg oii axt ~tajhmp}' Vkpb axt vate kg @T Magfa o} o dhgmblote) pbh dot k} }hp

bkfb' Pbhth oth gxlhtax} kgkpkopksh} pbop {ax mog magptkdxph pa kg @T Magfa) }xmb o} }aiot ~oghi})

ptokgkgf cxg`}) th}hotmb) caa` }x~~ihlhgp}) og` mktmxlmk}kag}) pa golh dxp o chv'

48>> vkii ~o{ cat }aiot ~oghi} cat o txtoi mikgkm?>> vkii ~o{ cat 4> mktmxlmk}kag}

8 vkii ~o{ cat o mbki`} lagpbi{ caa` ~omeofh pbtaxfb axt ~ashtp{

th`xmpkag ~tafotllh


11/28

FBOGO

^tajhmp k} do}h` kg pva ba}~kpoi} kg Poloih) Gatpbhtg Fbogo) o} vhii o} txtoi mikgkm}

Txg kg iamoi ~otpght}bk~ vkpb Gatpbhtg Fbogo Ok "GAFOK@+ og` Poloih Phombkgf Ba}~kpoi

Saixgphht} oth pa ~task`h mikgkmoi }ekii}) dxp vkpb o camx} ag phombkgf og` ptokgkgf o} ottogfh` d{

pbh iamoi ba}~kpoi}

Saixgphht }ekii lkr hg}xth` pbop ptk~} vhth doiogmh` vkpb phmbgkmoi og` o`lkgk}ptopksh o`skmh pa

ba}~kpoi logofhlhgp og` }pocc

Ckt}p acckmkoi saixgphht} ptoshiih` kg Jxgh >6 pa o}}h}} }xkpodkikp{ og` ghh`} ac vate hgsktaglhgp

Thfxiot saixgphht} ptoshiih` ctal Jogxot{ 4>>2) vkpb o papoi ac ?= saixgphht} magptkdxpkgf pa pbh

~tajhmp d{ lk`,]h~phldht 4>>2

Phombkgf og` ptokgkgf vo} camx}h` ag pbh hlhtfhgm{ moth ac ~opkhgp}) ctal pbh pklh pbh ~opkhgp

ottksh` pkii pbh{ thmhksh` pbhkt `hckgkpksh pthoplhgp

@xh pa chh`dome ctal saixgphht}) o} vhii o} ba}~kpoi mktmxl}pogmh}) ptk~} oth mxtthgpi{ ag bai`

xgpki oiphtgopksh ottog hlhgp} oth lo`h

^TAJHMPComp}


12/28

FBOGO

Caiiavkgf kgkpkoi o}}h}}lhgp} kg 4>>6) pbh @am,

pat} Vati`vk`h Fbogo ^taftollh }potph` vkpb

pbh ckt}p saixgphht} ihoskgf cat Poloih kg hoti{

Jogxot{ 4>>2' Asht pbh malkgf {hot o papoi ac

pbktphhg lh`kmoi) gxt}kgf og` o`lkgk}ptopksh

~ht}agghi }~hgp dhpvhhg pva vhhe} og` pva

lagpb} acchtkgf pbhkt }htskmh} pa pbh ~ha~ih ac

Gatpbhtg Fbogo' Pbh hgpbx}ko}pkm th}~ag}h

ctal axt saixgphht th}xiph` kg pbh mag}pogp~th}hgmh ac @ampat} Vati`vk`h saixgphht} kg

Fbogo dhpvhhg Jogxot{ og` Ampadht 4>>2'

La}p saixgphht} vhth do}h` kg pbh Poloih

Phombkgf Ba}~kpoi vkpb }alh oi}a acchtkgf axp,

thomb }htskmh} pa agh ac pbh log{ txtoi mikgkm}

kg Gatpbhtg Fbogo' Pbh sotkhp{ ac }ekii

lkr og` hr~htkhgmh ag accht lhogp pbop

axt saixgphht} vhth odih pa ~task`h mikgk,

moi }htskmh }x~~atp kg Hlhtfhgm{ Lh`k,

mkgh) ^tklot{ Moth) Kgchmpkax} @k}ho}h})

ôh`koptkm} og` Fhghtoi ]xtfht{' Oii ac

axt saixgphht} vateh` oiagf iamoi }pocc

og` paae hsht{ ~a}}kdih a~~atpxgkp{ pa

accht phombkgf og` ptokgkgf vkpb o skhv pa

hl~avhtkgf pbhl vkpb pbh mikgkmoi }ekii}

og` egavih`fh pa kl~tash pbh qxoikp{ ac

bhoipbmoth ~task`h` pa pbk} kl~ashtk}bh`

~otp ac Vh}p Octkmo'

@ampat} Vati`vk`h `hsk}h` o mal~th,

bhg}ksh ~omeofh ac phombkgf og` ptokgkgf

mashtkgf oii pbh lojat }~hmkoipkh}) og` kp

vo} ba~h` pbop vh vaxi` dh odih pa `hiksht pbk}

pbtaxfb pa mal~ihphgh}} d{ pbh hg` ac pbh

{hot' Pbk} vo} gap vkpbaxp mboiihgfh) og` Kpbkge o} o th}xip vh bosh ihotgp log{ ih}}ag}

o} og atfogk}opkag kg bav pa hcchmpkshi{ `hiksht

ptokgkgf ~taftollh} kg }xmb hgsktaglhgp}) kg,

mix`kgf bav pa kl~task}h og` oò~p vbhg

pbkgf} àgp fa pa ~iog' Agh ac pbh `kcckmxipkh}

mallagi{ hgmaxgphth` vbhg `hikshtkgf ptokg,

kgf kg pbh `hshia~kgf vati` k} pbop ac k`hgpkc{kgf

og` thpokgkgf }xkpodih }pocc pbtaxfb o mal~ihph

~taftollh) og` }alhpklh pbk} thqxkth} kgga,sopksh vo{} ac vatekgf kgmix`kgf acchtkgf kgmhg,

pksh} o~~ta~tkoph pa pbh iamoi hgsktaglhgp' Pbk}

maxi` dh }alhpbkgf o} }kl~ih o} o mhtpkckmoph

ac opphgògmh at o }loii }pk~hg`' Kg o``kpkag

ptokgkgf mog }alhpklh} dh th}ptkmph` kg phtl}

ac thihsogmh ~xthi{ dhmox}h pbh hqxk~lhgp

osokiodih pa bhoipbmoth ~tach}}kagoi} k} }a tx,

`klhgpot{ pbop agi{ do}km kgphtshgpkag} oth

~a}}kdih pa kl~ihlhgp'

Ptokgkgf og` kl~otpkgf egavih`fh ag kp} avg

àh} gap iho` pa kl~tashlhgp} kg }htskmh `h,

iksht{ og` pbk} àh} bosh pa dh mal~ihlhgph`

d{ o vkiikgfgh}} pa mbogfh mikgkmoi ~tompkmh'

Hshg }kl~ih }ph~} ikeh kgpta`xmkgf o }{}phl cat


13/28

ptkofh kg pbh Hlhtfhgm{ @h~otplhgp maxi` dh,

~htmhksh` o} o }kfgkckmogp mbogfh ctal gatloi

~tompkmh) og` o} }xmb) `kcckmxip pa kl~ihlhgp'

Vh caxg` pbh x}h ac sk}xoi ok`} ~otpkmxioti{

x}hcxi kg pbk} kg}pogmh og` h`xmopkagoi ~a}pht})

vbkmb vhth ~xp x~ otaxg` pbh Hlhtfhgm{ @h,

~otplhgp op Poloih Phombkgf Ba}~kpoi) vhth

x}h` pa }x~~ihlhgp o ghv kgkpkopksh vbkmb

ptokgh` iamoi bhoipbmoth ~tompkpkaght} kg pbh kgk,

pkoi o}}h}}lhgp og` ptkofh ac ~opkhgp}'

^htbo~} pbh la}p kl~atpogp ihotgkgf ctal axt

pklh kg Fbogo k} pbh h}}hgpkoi ghh` cat iamoi

avght}bk~ ac og{ ~tajhmp) dapb kg phtl} ac h`x,

mopkag og` kg phtl} ac }htskmh `hiksht{' Op @am,

pat} Vati`vk`h vh bosh oivo{} vateh` ag hg,

fofkgf og` hl~avhtkgf iamoi ~otpght}) og` vh

chhi pbk} k} pbh agi{ }xmmh}}cxi la`hi cat mthop,

kgf pbh iagf io}pkgf og` }kfgkckmogp mbogfh kg

bhoipbmoth ~task}kag vh vk}b pa }hh' Vh cktli{

dhikhsh pbop pbk} thlokg} pbh fthoph}p dottkht kg

kl~taskgf bhoipbmoth kg pbh `hshia~kgf vati`)

og` pbx} thlokg mallkpph` pa k`hgpkc{kgf og`

dxki`kgf iamoi ~otpght}bk~} vkpb ikeh,lkg`h` kg,

`ksk`xoi} og` atfogk}opkag} vkpbkg Gatpbhtg

Fbogo pa bhi~ x} ombkhsh axt sk}kag'

@t Kdtot Lojk`

Fbogo bo} agh ac pbh bkfbh}p toph} ac Fxkgho vatl kgchmpkag kg

pbh vati`' Log{ apbht `k}ho}h} oth oi}a ptog}lkpph` d{ `tkgekgf

xgmihog vopht'

?>>> pa =>>> ~axg`}) `h~hg`kgf ag pbh thfkag) vkii bhi~ ~task`h o

`hh vopht vhii) og` bhi }osh pbax}og`} ac iksh}'


14/28

EHG[OSaixgphhtOmmaxgp

K bo` oivo{} vogph` pa saixgphht cat lh`kmoi

thikhc vate kg Octkmo'

Ocpht mal~ihpkgf l{ lhldht}bk~ hrol} kg

~oh`koptkm} og` boskgf }alh hr~htkhgmh ag

daot`) K dhfog hrphg}ksh th}hotmb pa ckg` o

}xkpodih atfogkzopkag' Vbhth }baxi` K }potp) K

o}eh` l{}hic' L{ ~htmh~pkag ac lh`kmoi thikhc

vate vo} sht{ lxmb magckgh` pa pbh hlht,

fhgm{ lh`kmoi bxlogkpotkog th}~ag}h' Dtav},

kgf pbtaxfb o gxldht ac vhd}kph}) K iaaeh`

mothcxii{ op pbhkt lk}}kag }pophlhgp}) agfakgf

~tajhmp}) faoi} og` la}p kl~atpogpi{ pbhkt

hpba}' K dhfog pa o~~thmkoph pbh so}p }ma~h ac

bxlogkpotkog og` lh`kmoi thikhc vate og` dh,

molh kg}~kth` hshg lath' Pbh tao` obho`

bavhsht `k` gap }hhl mihot ac ad}pomih}' La}p

atfogkzopkag} thqxkth` o lkgklxl mallkplhgp

ac }kr lagpb}' K vo} o ckt}p {hot }~hmkoik}p thfk},

ptot og` K vo} pai` qxkph }ptkmpi{ d{ l{ `hoght{

pbop K maxi` gap poeh og{ pklh acc xgpki K bo`

mal~ihph` l{ math ptokgkgf' Ogapbht chv {hot}

pa vokp) K pbaxfbp'

Kg `xh maxt}h) o ctkhg` ac lkgh kgskph` lh pa

opphg` o pva `o{ @ampat} Vati`vk`h maxt}h kg

Bxlogkpotkog og` Lh`kmoi Thikhc Vate' Pbh

maxt}h vo} cogpo}pkm' Kp fosh lh og kg}kfbp kgpa

vbop kp k} ikeh pa vate kg o bxlogkpotkog hgsk,

taglhgp og` bhi~h` lh pa `hshia~ o do}km xg,

`ht}pog`kgf ac ~tadihl} pbop saixgphht} lo{

hgmaxgpht kg pbh ckhi`' Lhhpkgf vkpb ompksh sai,

xgphht}) vba vate cxii pklh vbki}p hgfofkgf

vkpb iap} ac apbht ~tajhmp}) vo} sht{ hgmaxtof,

kgf' La}p kl~atpogpi{) kp hgodih` lh pa }hh pbop

l{ kgphgpkag ac vatekgf vkpb o saixgphht at,

fogkzopkag vbki}p magpkgxkgf l{ ptokgkgf jad kg

pbh GB] vo} ombkhsodih' Ocpht o chv lagpb}) K


15/28

vo} }hgp pa Ehg{o d{ @VV oiagf vkpb o mai,

ihofxh og` l{ jaxtgh{ pa pbh iog` ac fozhiih,

h{h` mbki`thg dhfog' Pbh ckt}p chv ò{} ac pbh

ptk~ vhth ashtvbhilkgf' K pbaxfbp pbop K vo} om,

mx}palh` pa }hhkgf klofh} ac mbtagkmoii{ loi,

gaxtk}bh` mbki`thg ag phihsk}kag o} thikhc at,

fogk}opkag} acphg }hhe pa tok}h cxg`} d{ hsae,

kgf axt mal~o}}kag' K vo} vtagf' K caxg` kp}poffhtkgf pa }hh hlomkoph` kgcogp} vba vhth

gxt}h` d{ pbhkt hqxoii{ loigaxtk}bh` lapbht}

ag pbh ciaat o} ba}~kpoi dh`} vhth mag}k`hth` pa

dh o }motmh malla`kp{ kg pbk} ~otp ac pbh vati`'

Pbh kgkpkoi }poph ac ogfxk}b vo} }aag th~iomh`

d{ og o}}k`xax} hccatp og` vh dhfog pa vate pa

`hiksht axt xpla}p'

Pbh caiiavkgf vhhe) K vhgp pa sk}kp o ~tklot{bhoipb mikgkm vbkmb vo} iamoph` kg pbh ftaxg`}

ac o ~tklot{ }mbaai kg o dhoxpkcxi txtoi skiiofh'

L{ hr~htkhgmh vkpb mbki`thg op pbh }mbaai vo}

ptxi{ olozkgf' K moggap `h}mtkdh pbh dhoxp{ ac

vkpgh}}kgf pbh od}aixph ja{ pbop hlogoph` ctal

pbh comh ac o ikppih da{ vba vogph` pa dhmalh o

àmpat o} bh ik}phgh` pa bk} avg bhotp dhop x},

kgf l{ }phpba}ma~h cat pbh sht{ ckt}p pklh' K vo}

}xt~tk}h` og` `hikfbph` pa vkpgh}}) olk`}p oii ac

~ashtp{) magcikmp og` `k}ho}h) pbh}h dothcaap

dtkfbp h{h` mbki`thg vba bo` ba~h} og`

`thol}'

Ag l{ vo{ dome) K thcihmph` x~ag pbh jaxtgh{

og` qxh}pkag} thshtdhtoph` pbtaxfb l{ lkg`'

Pbhth mog dh ga jx}pkckmopkag cat pbh ~th`kmo,

lhgp ac axt chiiav bxlog dhkgf} kg Octkmo paò{'

K dhikhsh pbop kp k} pbh cxgòlhgpoi latoi mboi,

ihgfh ac axt fhghtopkag'

K ihcp Ehg{o boskgf bo` o ptxi{ thvot`kgf hr~h,

tkhgmh ag dapb o ~ht}agoi og` ~tach}}kagoi

ihshi' K chip ~tkskihfh` pa dh ~otp ac pbk} ~tajhmp'

Pbk} lk}}kag ptk~ lo`h lh lath `hphtlkgh`

pbog hsht pa ~xt}xh l{ sk}kag ac ~task`kgf mbki,

`thg vati`vk`h vkpb kl~tash` }pogòt`} ac

bhoipb) }amkoi moth og` h`xmopkag'

@t Gxtòg Az{kiloz

^tajhmp k} do}h` op 4 ba}~kpoi} kg Laldo}o)

o} vhii o} op o txtoi skiiofh h`xmopkag og` at,

~bogofh mal~ihr

@h}kfgh` pa dh o ih}} kgphg}h vate hr~htk,

hgmh) og` bhgmh }xkpodih cat ckt}p,pklh saixg,

phht} o} og kgpta`xmpkag pa kgphtgopkagoi

bhoipb og` kp} mboiihgfh}

Saixgphht} oth pa ~task h mikgkmoi }ekii}) o}vhii o} ad}htsh iamoi ~tompkmh og` accht ptokg,

kgf vbhth ~a}}kdih

Saixgphht ptk~} oth doiogmh` vkpb phmbgkmoi

og` o`lkgk}ptopksh }x~~atp pa ba}~kpoi log,

ofhlhgp og` }pocc

Ckt}p acckmkoi saixgphht} ptoshiih` kg Jxgh >2 pa

o}}h}} }xkpodkikp{ og` ghh`} ac vate hgsk,

taglhgp

^th~otopkag xg`htvo{ cat lath saixgphht}pbk} {hot'

^TAJHMPComp}

Agh ac pbh dkffh}p dottkht} pa ommh}}kgf

bhoipb moth k} ma}p' Cat pba}h vba dothi{ bosh

hgaxfb pa hop) og` o}~kth pa h`xmoph pbkht

mbki`thg) bhoipb k} og xgoccatòdih ixrxt{' [hp

kp k} agi{ pbh bhoipb{ pbop vkii }xtsksh pa vate'

ihotg og` iksh'

8>> vkii masht o lagpb} vatpb ac

pthoplhgp op og oshtofh txtoi ~tklot{

bhoipb moth mikgkm'


16/28

Axt kgkpkoi o}}h}}lhgp kg Gkfht vo} caiiavh` d{

o gxldht ac ompkskpkh} iho` d{ pbh Pxtek}b

dtogmb ac @ampat} Vati`vk`h'

O} kgkpkoii{ bkfbikfbph`) kp vo} chip pbop ~tajhmp}

oklh` op kl~tash pbh bhoipb }popx} ac valhg

og` lapbht} }baxi` dh o ~tkatkp{) og` pa pbk}

hg`) mol~okfg} vhth `hshia~h` pa bhi~ o`,

`th}} pbh k}}xh ac ad}phptkm ck}pxio' Pbk} k} o

`hso}popkgf mag`kpkag vbhth o coi}h ~o}}ofh k}

mthoph` dhpvhhg pbh dktpb mogoi og` dio``ht at

thmpxl' Pbk} k} o} o th}xip ac ~taiagfh`) ad,}ptxmph` iodaxt) vbhth kgsotkodi{ pbh dod{ `kh})

og` pbh lapbht k} }motth` ~b{}kmoii{ og` hla,

pkagoii{' Pbh kgjxt{ oi}a lhog} pbop pbh valog

k} kgmagpkghgp ac xtkgh) cohmh} at dapb) vbkmb

mox}h} pbhl pa dh `tkshg axp ctal pbhkt balh}

og` acphg a}ptomk}h` d{ pbhkt mallxgkpkh}' Oii

pbk} dhmox}h pbh{ vhth gap odih pa ommh}} o~,

~ta~tkoph lophtgoi }htskmh}' Ad}phptkm ck}pxio k}

h}}hgpkoii{ o ~tar{,loteht ac lophtgoi bhoipb'

Pbh ~aatht pbh }htskmh}) pbh bkfbht pbh toph} ac

kgjxt{'

Og kgkpkoi ~taftollh vo} dhfxg d{ Pxtek}b

}xtfhag} ptoshikgf kg phol} pa Gkfht pa pthop

~opkhgp} }xcchtkgf vkpb ad}phptkm ck}pxio' Cxt,

pbhtlath) cat sktpxoii{ oii ac pbh valhg occhmph`d{ ad}phptkm ck}pxio) pbh a~htopkag k} xgoccat`,

odih' Pbk} k} {hp ogapbht eh{ okl ac pbk} ~tajhmp

kg th}patkgf ba~h og` `kfgkp{ pa pba}h occhmph`

d{ pbh mag`kpkag'

GKFHT


17/28

Cxtpbht ~taftollh} kgmix`h` a~htopksh mol,

~okfg} pa pthop mopotomp}' Pbk} thiopkshi{ }kl~ih

~tamh`xth k} ikch,}oskgf' Bavhsht) lxmb oi}a

ghh`} pa dh àgh kg phtl} ac h`xmopkag) o}

la}p kg txtoi mallxgkpkh} dhikhsh mopotomp} pa

dh og hr~hmph` }kfg ac ai` ofh) og` gap olh,

godih pa pthoplhgp'

Dapb mol~okfg} vhth txg kg iamoi fashtglhgp

ba}~kpoi} og` maat`kgoph` vkpb iamoi GFA)

Faxidk'

Pbh ghrp mboiihgfh vkii dh pa kgphftoph mo~omkp{

dxki`kgf kgkpkopksh}) og` bhi~kgf pa ptokg og`

}x~~atp iamoi }pocc' Bavhsht pbk} mog agi{ bo~,

~hg vkpb cxtpbht kgsh}plhgp kgpa pbh mxtthgp

bhoipb kgcto}ptxmpxth) og` pbk} bo} pa dh àgh

}hg}kpkshi{ og` vkpb `xh mag}k`htopkag ac pbh

Gkfhtkhg fashtglhgp} mxtthgp ma}p,thmasht{lhpba`} kg at`ht pa kgsh}p kg bhoipb'

Phol} ac }xtfhag} ctal @VV Pxteh{ bosh ptoshiih` pa Gkfht og` apbht maxgptkh})

dtkgfkgf kg og` àgopkgf pbhkt avg hqxk~lhgp' Pbh{ bosh a~htoph` ag bxg`th`} ac

mo}h}) og` cxpxth mol~okfg} vkii oi}a camx} ag bhi~kgf pa ptokg iamoi }pocc kg }xtfkmoi

phmbgkqxh}'

[ax mog bhi~ th}path }kfbp pa }alhagh lo`h dikg` d{ mopotomp} cat 48


18/28

ÔIH]PKGH

ôih}pkgh phg`} pa dh agh ac pbh lath hlapksh

magphrp} vkpbkg pbh vati` paò{' Kp} `hfthh ac

~aikpkmoi mal~ihrkp{ k} lopmbh` agi{ d{ kp}

hqxoii{ kgptkmoph bhoipb moth mboiihgfh}' Vkpbkg

pbh ammx~kh` phttkpatkh}) ikch hr~hmpogm{ k}

bkfbht pbog log{ ac pbh }xttaxg`kgf Otod

maxgptkh}' Pbh `kmbapal{ pbop ammxt} k} `xh pa

pbh o`sogmh` `hshia~lhgpoi }popx} ac pbh phttk,

patkh} , pbh th}xipkgf ~th}}xth} ~iomh` x~ag pbh

~a~xiopkag d{ pbh magcikmp oth }alhpklh} ~ht,

mhksh` o}) tkfbpi{ at vtagfi{) lath kgpaihtodih'

@VV bo} dhhg ompkshi{) oipbaxfb }alhvbop

kgphtlkpphgpi{) kgsaish` kg pbh Ammx~kh` ôih},

pkgkog Phttkpatkh} cat pbh io}p hkfbp {hot}' Agh ac

pbh la}p hcchmpksh ~tajhmp}) `hikshth` d{ @VV

Pxteh{) vo} pbh thbodkikpopkag ac Ebog [axgk}

O#H `h~otplhgp) vbhth ogoh}pbhpkm lombkgh})

o MP }mogght og` apbht h}}hgpkoi hqxk~lhgp

vhth kg}poiih`'

Asht pbh io}p {hot) vbkih pbh hldotfa ag Fozo

magpkgxh` pa `hg{ pbh }ptk~ ac }~hmkckm lh`kmoi)

thmag}ptxmpkag og` vopht!}ogkpopkag lophtkoi})

pbh Vh}p Doge }xcchth` ctal ~ht}k}phgp lash,

lhgp th}ptkmpkag} og` cthqxhgp kgmxt}kag}' Pbh

kg}k kax} kl~omp ac pbh}h ompkag} bo} kp} bkfb,

h}p kl~omp ag pbh lhgpoi bhoipb ac pbh la}p

sxightodih' Pbk} magpkgxh} pa dh agh ac pbh

la}p `kcckmxip mboiihgfh} pa o``th}}) og` vkpb,

axp o~~ta~tkoph og` xtfhgp kgphtshgpkag) agh

mog agi{ ba~h cat pbh cxpxth ac o fhghtopkag

ftavkgf x~ kg magcikmp'

Kg @hmhldht 4>>2) og omxph hromhtdopkag ac

pbh magcikmp dhpvhhg Fozo og` K}tohi ammxtth`'


19/28

Kg th}~ag}h pa pbh bhos{ daldot`lhgp ac

Fozo) @VV Pxteh{ "kg maat`kgopkag vkpb pva

apbht mbotkpkh}+ th}~ag`h` d{ ottogfkgf og`

hg}xtkgf pbh hgpt{ ac 0= paggh} ac lh`kmoi

}x~~ikh} og` hqxk~lhgp d{ tao` pbtaxfb pbh

Tocob mta}}kgf' ]xd}hqxhgp pa pbk}) caxt cxii{

hqxk~~h` oldxiogmh}) pbthh ptog}kp magpokght}ac hqxk~lhgp og` lh`kmoi }x~~ikh} vhth ciavg

og` }bk~~h` kg) og` }xmmh}}cxii{ poehg kgpa

Fozo' O phol ac }~hmkoik}p àmpat} ctal @VV,

Pxteh{ vhth ladkik}h` pa pbh Hf{~pkog dat`ht)

dxp oiagf}k`h pbh lojatkp{ ac apbht kgphtgopkagoi

GFA ~ht}agghi) vhth `hgkh` hgpt{' Caiiavkgf

pbh mh}}opkag ac ba}pkikpkh}) o gkgh lhldht

phol vhth ftogph` ommh}} pa pbh }ptk~) `xtkgf

vbkmb catloi ghh`} o}}h}}lhgp} vhth lo`h

ac pbh mxtthgp lh`kmoi }kpxopkag) og` ~aphgpkoi

cxpxth thqxkthlhgp}' O``kpkagoii{) o gxldht ac

a~htopkag} vhth mottkh` axp d{ pbh @VV }~h,

mkoik}p}) kg maat`kgopkag vkpb pbh iamoi }xtfhag}'

@VV bo} ~iog} pa magpkgxh kp} vate kg pbh

A^P' Kg Jxi{ 4>>; o phol ac ~io}pkm }xtfhag}

ctal @VV Pxteh{ k} `xh pa ptoshi pa Bhdtag pa

~htcatl mihcp ik~ th~okt}' Lhogvbkih) @VV vkii

magpkgxh pa ad}htsh og` thomp vbhth ~a}}kdih

og` o~~ta~tkoph'

Kc {ax oth og kg`ksk`xoi XE por~o{ht) ~o{kgf kgmalh por og`!at mo~kpoi fokg} por) {ax mog loeh {axt àgopkag} ftav d{ghoti{ =>() op ga hrpto ma}p pa {ax/Xg`ht pbh Kgiog` Thshgxh&} Fkcp Ok` @hmiotopkag }mbhlh) @ampat} Vati`Vk`h mog miokl dome pbh por {ax bosh ~ok` ag {axtàgopkag}' Cat hsht{ ?> {ax àgoph) vh mog miokl og hrpto 4'2> ctal pbh Kgiog` Thshgxh' Oii {ax ghh` pa à k} oxpbatk}hx} d{ pkmekgf pbh dar ag pbh }pog`kgf at`ht catl'[axt por dkii cat pbh {hot ac {axt àgopkag lx}p dh op iho}p hqxoi pa pbh olaxgp pbop vh miokl cat pbop {hot'G'D' îho}h gaph {ax lx}p ~o{ og olaxgp ac kgmalh por og`!at mo~kpoi} fokg} por hqxoi pa pbh por vh thmiokl ag {axt àgo,pkag'

Pkpih QQQQQQ Cxii Golh QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

O``th}} QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

â}p Ma`hQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Phih~bagh QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ H loki QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

îho}h ~o{ @ampat} Vati`vk`h ?>>'>> 8>'>> 48'>> ?>'>> QQQQQQQQQ homb lagpb xgpki cxtpbht gapkmh) og` `hdkp l{ ommaxgp:

Doge @hpoki}: Ommaxgp gxldht y y y y y y y y y

]atp Ma`h u y | u y | u y |

]potp @oph ! ! ]kfgopxthQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQG'D' ~iho}h mbaa}h o }potp òph cat ~o{lhgp} agh lagpb ctal paò{'

Fkcp Ok` @hmiotopkag: Loeh {axt agopkag} FTAV/K ol o XE por~o{ht og` vaxi` ikeh @ampat} Vati`vk`h pa thmiokl por ag oii l{ àgopkag}}kgmh 3 O~tki 4>>> og` ag oii l{ àgopkag} bhthocpht) xgpki K gapkc{ {ax apbhtvk}h'[h} Ga "pkme o} o~~ta~tkoph+

Pa Logofht "golh) dtogmb og` o``th}} ac {axt doge+QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Pa Gopkagoi Vh}plkg}pht Doge ">?,>?,33+ ommaxgp ga =306>400

Pboge [ax' îho}h thpxtg pbk} catl pa: @ampat} Vati`vk`h)?=0 Vhiikgfpag Tao` Gatpb) ]pame~atp) ]E0 4II) Xgkph` Ekgfàl'


20/28

^OEK]POG

O} pbh ghv Doioeap mkp{ dhfkg} pa }iavi{

poeh catl) }a oi}a pbh ~tajhmph` mbki`thg}

ba}~kpoi d{ @VV' Pbk} {hot }ov pbh mal,

~ihpkag ac o vopht }{}phl cat pbh iog` ~xt,

mbo}h` cat pbh ~tajhmp og` ac taal} cat }pat,

ofh' Bavhsht pbh `hikdhtoph tho}ag vh

bosh bhi` dome kg ~x}bkgf catvot` vkpb pbh

dxki`kgf bo} dhhg o magmhtg pbop pbhth vhth

ga mth`kdih iamoi }poehbai`ht atfogk}opkag}

vkpb vbal pa ~otpght' Boskgf pbh dxki`kgf

dxp vkpbaxp pbh hihlhgp} ac iamoi mo~omkp{

hgbogmhlhgp og` }x}pokgodkikp{ vaxi` dh

ofokg}p pbh ~bkia}a~b{ ac @ampat} Vati`,

vk`h'

_xoikp{ bhoipb moth thlokg} o ixrxt{ op dh}p

cat la}p kg txtoi ^oek}pog) og` kg pbh cixtt{ ac

ompkskp{ og` mallkplhgp} lo`h d{ pbh kg,

phtgopkagoi mallxgkp{ caiiavkgf pbh `hso},

popkgf hotpbqxoeh) vh bosh `hmk`h` pa poeh

o lath mag}k`hth` o~~taomb' Axt hr~htk,

hgmh kg bhoipb moth }{}phl} bo} oitho`{

`hlag}ptoph` pbh kl~atpogmh ac lapksoph`)

ptokgh` og` }ekiih` }pocc' Xgcatpxgophi{) o}

bkfbikfbph` d{ gxlhtax} }axtmh}) kgmix`kgf

pbh VBA) pbhth k} o }hshth }batpofh ac o~,

~ta~tkoph }pocc pa ~task`h }xmb }htskmh'

Pa pbk} hg` vh bosh }~hgp la}p ac pbh {hot

kg `k}mx}}kag vkpb sotkax} iamoi og` kgphtgo,

pkagoi GFA} vkpb thfot` pa cxickiikgf pbk} ghm,

h}}ot{ adikfopkag) og` xgpki pbk} hihlhgp ac

pbh ~tajhmp bo} dhhg thoik}h` @VV vkii gapmallkp pa pbh lojat ckgogmkoi axpio{ ac pbh

ba}~kpoi'


21/28

DOGFIO@H]B

O} vkpb lxmb ac pbh `hshia~kgf vati` pbh ~tk,

lot{ moth comkikpkh} oth hkpbht iomekgf at tx`k,

lhgpot{ op dh}p kg lxmb ac Dogfio`h}b' @VV

k} mxtthgpi{ vatekgf kg @oxiop Ebog o txtoi ~otp

ac pbh maxgpt{ vkpb o ~a~xiopkag ac ?'2 lkiikag'

Pbh okl bo} dhhg pa kgkpkoph o ghv mikgkm mia}h

pa pbh txtoi ~a~xiopkag og` }iavi{ `hshia~ kp}

mo~omkp{' Pbh ckt}p ~bo}h vo} pa pthop ò{,pa,

ò{ fhghtoi lh`kmoi ~tadihl}) }hmagì{ pa o``

kg lophtgoi ogph,gopoi moth og` pbhg io}pi{ pa

kgmtho}h bhoipb ~talapkag og` bhoipb h`xmopkag

ctal pbh mikgkm og` o} axpthomb ~tajhmp} kg }xt,

taxg`kgf skiiofh}' Boskgf mag}ptxmph` pbh dxki`,

kgf kg 4>>3) o agmh vhhei{ }xtfht{ og` }loii

~botlom{ bo} dhhg txggkgf cat pbh io}p 4 {hot}'

@t Oiol o thpkth` F^ saixgphhth` op pbh mikgkm

cat ? lagpb) bk} sk}kp og` th~atp cxtpbht bkfb,

ikfbph` pbh ghh`} ac pbk} ~aat mallxgkp{ og`

pbh dhghckp o thfxiot lh`kmoi mikgkm maxi` bosh

ag pbh bhoipb ac pbh iamoi ~a~xiopkag'

K }ov asht ?>>> ~opkhgp} la}p ac pbhl papoii{

kl~ashtk}bh`) vkpb ga ~htloghgp jad) kc }a agi{

o} ò{ iodaxtht}' M{miagh ]k`t }vh~p asht

]axpb Dogfio`h}b cksh lagpb} ofa) ekiikgf pbax,

}og`}) `h}pta{kgf oii mta~} og` }vhh~kgf ovo{

ogkloi}' Op iho}p boic pbh ~a~xiopkag k} }pkii ikskgf

vkpbaxp o taac asht pbhkt bho`}' Loigxptkpkag k}

pbh lokg ~tadihl kg mbki`thg oiagf vkpb `{}hg,

pht{ og` `kottbaho'

Kg mag}xipopkag vkpb @t Oiol o ~iog pa hrphg`

pbh mikgkm pa oiiav fthopht mikgkmoi hrolkgopkag

}~omh vo} o~~tash`) oiagf vkpb pbh `tkiikgf o

vopht vhii pa }htsh pbh mikgkm og` iamoi ~ha~ih'

O~~tasoi vo} oi}a fkshg pa hr~og` pbh }htskmh}

acchth` op pbh mikgkm pa ~task`h o àmpat og`

gxt}h ag o òki{ do}k} `xh pa tk}kgf `hlog` og`

pa bosh o vhhei{ ogph,gopoi mikgkm' Pbk} }baxi`

dh ~a}}kdih d{ hl~ia{kgf pbh }pocc) vba mxt,

thgpi{ txg pbh mikgkm}) ag o thfxiot og` ~htlo,

ghgp do}k}'


22/28

K `k` gap egav vbop pa hr~hmp kg Dxtlo' K eghvpbop pbh ptk~ vo} fakgf pa dh `kcckmxip dxp vo}gap }xth kg vbop vo{' ]a K ~th~oth` l{}hicvkpb ~ihgp{ ac mbamaioph dot} jx}p kg mo}h Kmaxi`gp ckg` og{pbkgf pa hop/ Vo} K vtagf' Bo,ioi caa` vo} ho}ki{ caxg` oii otaxg` [ogfag'

Vh maxi` mbaa}h ctal Dxtlh}h caa`) Pbok)Mbkgh}h og` oi}a co}pcaa`'

Vh vhth ommal~ogkh` la}p ac pbh pklh d{ oDxtlh}h fxk`h!magpomp ~ht}ag vba hshgpxoii{dhmolh o faa` ctkhg`) o} `k` log{ apbht} pbopvh lhp) }alh K ol }pkii hrmbogfkgf hloki}vkpb' Pbh{ vhth oii sht{ }ptagf ~ha~ih kg pbhktavg tkfbp}' Oii bosh pbhkt }patkh} pa phii: pbhkt ikch}a cot) pbhkt oldkpkag} og` o}~ktopkag}) pbhktcolkikh}) pbh bk}pat{ ac Dxtlo ommat`kgf pa

pbhkt xg`ht}pog`kgf' Pbh}h oth pbh ~ha~ih vbabhi~h` x} kg }hppkgf pbh mallxgkp{ mikgkm kg@oio o pavg}bk~ jx}p axp}k`h [ogfag' Log{ac pba}h vh lhp vhth ~tach}}kagoi}: àmpat})phombht}) o ~b{}kapbhto~k}p) ihmpxtht}) dx}k,gh}}lhg) oii ac vbal saixgphhth` pbhkt cthh

pklh "og` kg agh at pva ammo}kag}) pbhktlagh{+ pa bhi~ x} pavot`} axt mox}h' Kg fhg,htoi oii ac pbhl vogp pa bhi~ pbhkt avg ~ha~ihthfotìh}} ac thikfkag at hpbgkm domeftaxg`'Log{ ac pbh {axgfht agh}) vba vhth ckg`kgf kp`kcckmxip pa fhp jad} at cxtpbht h`xmopkag) pai` x}

ac pbhkt `h}kth pa fa odtao` og` cxtpbht pbhkt}px`kh} at hshg pa lkftoph' Bavhsht vbkih pbh{oth kg L{oglot pbh{ vogp pa magptkdxph og` dhompksh iamoii{'

Ikch kg L{oglot k} bot`' Kp k} hshg bot`ht kc {axoth o Lx}ikl at apbht lkgatkp{' Kp àh} gap}hhl }a kc {ax oth jx}p ~o}}kgf d{ o} o paxtk}pdhmox}h ~ha~ih pbhth oth ~opkhgp) bxldih og`}ptagf) og` oth x}h` pa ikskgf xg`ht o tkfk` lkik,pot{ txih' Pbh{ oth la}pi{ gap pbh mal~iokgkgf

p{~h' A~~th}}kshgh}} vo} gap chip op ckt}p' Dxpo} vh lhp lath ~ha~ih) og` o} pbh{ fokgh`ptx}p pa x}) vh dhfog pa fhp lath kg}kfbp kgpadhkgf o Dxtlh}h ikskgf kg [ogfag' Pbh lkikpot{~th}hgmh k} ~htso}ksh pbtaxfb oii o}~hmp} acDxtlh}h ikch'

L[OGLOT SaixgphhtOmmaxgp


23/28

Cxhi }oih} oth magptaiih`) {ax oth agi{ oi,iavh` o mhtpokg olaxgp ~ht lagpb) dxp kc{ax vogp lath) kp ho}ki{ osokiodih ctal pbh

diome lotehp "oi}a xg`ht pbh lkikpot{ kg,cixhgmh+ op o lxmb bkfbht ~tkmh' Mallx,gkmopkag k} osokiodih op o ~thlkxl og` k}magptaiih`' ]kl mot`} cat ladkih ~baghma}p 4>>> X]@) og` pbh kgphtghp magghm,pkag k} }iav og` lagkpath`' La}p mallaghloki ~task`ht} oth doggh`' [ax fhp pbho``h` chhikgf pbop pbh{ oth }moggkgf{axt hloki og{vo{ dhmox}h kp poeh} }aiagf jx}p pa }hg` og hloki'

Pbh maxgpt{ }hhl} `hpombh` ctal pbhth}p ac pbh vati`' [axt doge mot`}) mth`kpmot`} og` ptoshiht} mbhqxh à gap vatepbhth' Pbh mo}b {ax dtkgf vkpb {ax k} oii {axbosh' [ax mog agi{ ptog}cht lagh{ kg og` axpac pbh maxgpt{ vkpb }~hmkoi ~htlk}}kag catl pbhfashtglhgp agi{ dkf h}podik}blhgp x}h pbhacckmkoi mbogghi' Acckmkoii{ ? X]@aiiot vkii fhp{ax kg pbh thfkag ac 38> E{op}) dxp ag pbh}pthhp} ac [ogfag cat ? X]@ {ax mog fhp odaxp??>> E{op}/ X] @aiiot k} }a soixodih pbhth pbophshg o ~aat ~ht}ag vkpb agi{ ?>>> E{op} kg bk}~amehp vaxi` vogp pa pt{ og` mbogfh ? X]@cat {ax' Dkf `hoi} oth oii kg X]@' E{op} kg fhg,htoi oth agi{ faa` cat dx{kgf caa` og` miapbh} hshg pbhg pbh{ fksh {ax pbh a~pkag pa ~o{ kgX]@ o} vhii/ Pbh oshtofh logxoi iodaxtht vkiifhp ~ok` ih}} pbog ?>>> E{op ~ht ò{' Cth}bfto`xoph lh`kmoi àmpat} vkii fhp ?>>> E{op}~ht lagpb cat pbh ckt}p {hot/ Pbk} vkii fa x~ pa=8>>> E{op} ~ht lagpb kg pbh }hmag` {hot/ Ga

vag`ht la}p ~ha~ih bhth pt{ fhp axp ac pbk}maxgpt{'

Pbogecxii{ caa` bhth k} sht{ mbho~' ^ha~ih mog}xtsksh og` mog osak` }potskgf ~task`h` pbh{oth gap paa mbaa}{ ac vbop at vbhth pbh{ hop'Vh `k` gap hop ag pbh }pthhp' Vh mba}h pa hoplokgi{ kg th}poxtogp} }pkii sht{ mbho~' Ghsht,pbhih}} vh `k` gap h}mo~h pbh vtopb ac `kot,tbahoi kiigh}}'

Ctal o lath ~ht}agoi ~ht}~hmpksh) K vo}olozh` og` bxldih` d{ pbh iamoi Lx}ikl~a~xiopkag' Ckt}pi{ d{ pbh comp pbhth vhth }alog{/ ]alh hshg }o{ kp maxi` dh x~ pa =>( acpba}h ikskgf pbhth' Pbh `k}ptkdxpkag k} lxmb ih}}kg pbh th}p ac L{oglot lo{dh odaxp ?8,

4>(' Magpto}p pbk} pa pbh acckmkoi ckfxth d{ pbhDxtlh}h fashtglhgp qxapkgf agi{ 0( ac Dxt,lh}h oth Lx}ikl}' @xtkgf axt }po{ kg [ogfagkp chip ikeh pbhth vhth la}qxh} ag hsht{ apbhttao` kg pbh mkp{ mhgpth) la}p dxkip kg pbh maiagkoihto' Kg }xmb o }~ktkpxoi maxgpt{ }xmb o} Dxtlo)`h}~kph pbh a~~th}}kshgh}} ac pbh fashtglhgp)pbh la}qxh} vhth ~omeh` op oila}p hsht{~to{ht' Lx}ikl} bhth }hhl pa bosh `hshia~h`

o qxo}k,mkski }amkhp{) o }amkhp{ txggkgf kg`h,~hg`hgpi{ ctal pbh fashtglhgp) agi{ kgphtomp,kgf vkpb pbhl vbhg kp} ghmh}}ot{' Log{ Lx},ikl} bosh ga K@ mot`} at ô}}~atp} dhmox}hpbhkt Dxtlh}h ogmh}pt{ k} gap thmafgk}h` d{pbh lkikpot{ fashtglhgp) hshg pbaxfb log{oth pbkt` fhghtopkag lkftogp}' Ac pba}h pbop othkg`kfhgax} Lx}ikl}) log{ oth gap acckmkoii{thmafgk}h`' Agh hr~iogopkag fkshg pa x} vo}pbop dhmox}h pbhkt }ekg maiaxt) mxipxth) og` th,ikfkag oth }klkiot pa ghkfbdaxtkgf maxgptkh})

pbh{ oth gap hgpkpih` pa mkpkzhg}bk~ "hf: pbhTabkgf{o ac Vh}phtg Dxlto) Otoeog }poph+'Lx}ikl} }xtsksh ag dx}kgh}}h} og` hl~ia{apbht Lx}ikl} pa vate cat pbhl' Pbh{ a~hg kg,`h~hg`hgp Lx}ikl} }mbaai} at maiihfh} paehh~ pbh egavih`fh fakgf' La}qxh} txg og`}alh hshg pbtksh ag àgopkag lagh{) dxp kp k}sktpxoii{ kl~a}}kdih pa fhp ~htlk}}kag pa dxkiòg{ ghv }ptxmpxth}' La}p Lx}ikl} ehh~ o iav~tackih' Pbh{ àgp x}h pbhkt Lx}ikl golh} opoii kg og{ `hoikgf}' ]alh bosh hshg catfapphgpbh Lx}ikl golh} pbh{ fosh pa pbhkt avg mbki,`thg/ Kg pbk} th}~hmp) Lx}ikl }amkhp{ kg Dxtlok} ~aiotk}h` vkpb pba}h o`bhtkgf o} dh}p og` o}}ptkmpi{ o} pbh{ mog pa pbhkt phghp} ac cokpb og`pba}h pbop }hh K}iol o} o mxipxtoi og` tomkoik`hgpkp{'

L[OGLOT SaixgphhtOmmaxgp


24/28

@xtkgf o lhhpkgf vkpb o Mbtk}pkog cokpb,do}h`GFA) vh bhot` pbop pbhth vo} }klkiot ~ht}h,mxpkag ac pbh Mbtk}pkog lkgatkp{ kg la}p acDxtlo) kgmix`kgf pbh Gatpbhtg }poph} vbhthpbh Mbtk}pkog mallxgkp{ catl} o iotfht lkgat,kp{ pbop kg apbht otho}' Pbhth oth th}ptkmpkag} kgpbh ~tkgpkgf og` `k}ptkdxpkag ac thikfkax} loph,tkoi) o} vhii o} `kcckmxipkh} kg mag}ptxmpkgf

~iomh} ac vat}bk~' Kg Mbkg }poph) pbhth othhshg th~atp} vbhth oxpbatkpkh} bosh }ok` pbopmbxtmbh} moggap dh golh` }a) og` lx}pmoiih` o thikfkax} mhgpth'

Log{ Dxtlh}h dhmolh thcxfhh} kg Dogfio,`h}b) Pbokiog`) og` Loio{}ko' Pbh{ ptoshiih`kiihfoii{ pa pbh}h maxgptkh} pa }hhe vate og` odhppht ikch' ]alh caxg` vate og` thlokgh`xg`hphmph` cat log{ {hot} oò~pkgf iamoi mxi,pxth}' ]alh oth moxfbp d{ iamoi fashtglhgpog` }hgp pa thcxfhh mol~}' Pbh{ mogp dh `h,~atph` dome pa L{oglot dhmox}h pbh Dxt,lh}h lkikpot{ fashtglhgp à gap thmafgk}hpbhl o} mkpkzhg og` cxtpbhtlath pbh{ àgpbosh Dxtlh}h K@ gat ô}}~atp' La}p ac pbhlthlokgh` kg pbh}h magmhgptopkag mol~ cat{hot} xgpki pbh{ h}mo~h pa ogapbht maxgpt{ at}lxffih pbhl}hish} dome kgpa pbhkt avgmaxgpt{' Thmhgpi{) pbh ~ikfbp ac }xmb thcxfhh}bo} dhhg kg pbh ghv} og` xg`ht kgphtgopkagoi

}mtxpkg{ caiiavkgf pbh ompkag} ac pbh Pbok fas,htglhgp'

Pbh ?4 ò{} K }~hgp kg [ogfag) ikskgf olagfkp} ~ha~ih) bo} fkshg lh o po}pht vbop kp} ikehpa dh og oshtofh Dxtlh}h ikskgf kg [ogfag'Vh maxi` gap hshg shgpxth axp}k`h pbh mo~kpoidhmox}h ac pbh th}ptkmpkag} ag cathkfght}ptoshi) hrmh~p ag agh ammo}kag' Vh bhot` pbopikch k} lxmb bot}bht kg pbh th}p ac L{oglot)og` kg`hh` pbk} }hhlh` pa dh pbh mo}h hshg o

ekialhpth at }a axp}k`h pbh mkp{' Pbk} ptk~ bo}th}xiph` kg x} h}podik}bkgf o vhhei{ mikgkm kg@oio' Pbh mikgkm k} txg d{ o ghvi{ h}podik}bhìamoi mbotkp{ lo`h x~ ac saixgphht}) vkpb pbhbhi~ ac iamoi ~ha~ih' Saixgphht} oth ~ok` lkgk,loi kgmhgpksh} cat pbhkt hccatp og` mallkplhgp'

K ol ftophcxi pa Fa` pa bosh fkshg x} pbh a~,~atpxgkp{ pa mal~ihph pbk} jaxtgh{' Kp bo}a~hgh` axt h{h} og` bhotp pa vbop k} bo~~hg,kgf kg Dxtlo' Kp chhi} ikeh o ia}p og` catfapphggopkag' Vh gav ghh` lxmb magpkgxkgf }x~~atpcat axt chiiav bxlog dhkgf} ikskgf kg Dxtlo'

@t Oibo`{ [x}ac

^TAJHMPComp}

Mbki`thg 7 8 og` O`xip}?'Bkfb Diaa` ^th}}xth4'Fhghtoi Copkfxh='@kodhph}0'Omxph Th}~ktopat{ Kgchmpkag}8']ekg Kgchmpkag}

Mbki`thg 98?'Vatl Kgchmpkag4'Omxph Th}~ktopat{ Kgchmpkag

=']ekg Kgchmpkag0'Omxph Sktoi Kgchmpkag8'@kottbaho

Kgkpkoph` `xtkgf pbh ocphtlopb ac M{miagh

Gotfk}'

Iamoi saixgphht} do}h` kg [ogfag maat`k,

goph` pa h}podik}b o ftax~ moiih` ]lkih

Bhoipbmoth'

Saixgphht,txg bhoipb mikgkm} bhi` kg @oio

pavg}bk~ hsht{ vhhehg`'

Mikgkm} acchth` o cthh }htskmh pa iamoi ~a~xio,

pkag) og` mopoiafxh` mallag ~th}hgpkgf kii,

gh}}h}

Ckt}p acckmkoi mikgkm vo} txg ag ?=pb @hm 4>>2'

Papoi gxldht ac ~opkhgp} }hhg d{ =?}p Jog >;:

266

Oshtofh gxldht ac iamoi bhoipb saixgphht}

~ht ptk~: 2

Pa~ Cksh Tho}ag} Cat Mikgkm Sk}kp


25/28

OMEGAVIH@FLHGP]Saixgphht}

Vh oth agh ac pbh chv mbotkpkh} pbop }x~~atp}

og` hgmaxtofh} saixgphht} cat axt ~tajhmp}' Vh

dhikhsh pbop }xmb hrmbogfh} ~task`h dhghckp catdapb saixgphht o} vhii o} iamoi ~otpght} og` ~o,

pkhgp}'

Bavhsht) logofkgf saixgphht} k} gap vkpbaxp kp}

mboiihgfh}) kg ~otpkmxiot vbhg kp malh} à `h,

shia~kgf o }x}pokgodih ~taftollh kg maat`kgo,

pkag vkpb iamoi }poehbai`ht}' Ghshtpbhih}}) pbh

mallkplhgp og` `h`kmopkag ac saixgphht} pa

shgpxth axp pa ghv hr~htkhgmh} axp}k`h pbhkt

malcatp zagh k} mallhgòdih' Kg o``kpkag pa

~task`kgf fxkògmh og` }x~~atp pa iamoi ~otp,

ght}) pbhkt chh`dome k} kgsoixodih kg ~tajhmp `h,

shia~lhgp'

Asht pbh ghrp chv {hot} vh ba~h pa dh odih pa

thckgh pbh saixgphht logofhlhgp ~tamh}}) o}

vhii o} dhppht `hckgh taih} og` th}~ag}kdkikpkh}'

Bavhsht) o} og atfogk}opkag) vh à gap vogp pa

dh asht,~th}mtk~pksh) o} }alh ac axt la}p }xm,

mh}}cxi kgkpkopksh} og` magptkdxpkag} bosh

}phllh` ctal kggasopksh og` xgbkg`hth` hccatp

ag pbh ~otp ac axt saixgphht}'

Fbogo

Oljk` Labollh`

Mtokf Vaa`

Obekc @hog

K}oom Dafamb

Zobo Bx}okgk

]oii{ Dafamb

Jabg âiihp

Phto}o Dtaal

Lo`hihkgh Fkgg}

Lx}poe @xeog`ht

Oolkt Kqdoi

Hllo Ihh}

Gopboikh @osh{

Foldko

]oekd Dxtzo

Ehg{o

Lx}ottop Zolog

Gxtòg Az{kiloz

]otob Kdtobkl

Bo}hhgo Kqdoi

@T Magfa

^htkbog Patxg

Olkt Zocot

Avok} Oblo`

L{oglot

Labollh` H}oejk

Gojhhd Toblog

Oibo`{ [x}ac

Dogfio`h}b

Lobdxd xi Oiol


26/28

OMEGAVIH@FLHGP]Maxgpt{ ]pocc) Iamoi ôtpght}) @agat}

Vh bosh oivo{} ~tk`h` axt}hish} cat axt fto}}taap} og` ~otpght}bk~ o~~taomb' Oipbaxfb kp acphg

}hhl} phl~pkgf pa a~hg o ckhi` acckmh og` logofh ~tajhmp} kg,bax}h) vh }ptksh pa k`hgpkc{ iamoi

atfogk}opkag} og` kg`ksk`xoi} pbtaxfb vbkmb vate mog dh }x~~atph`' Vh dhikhsh pbk} la`hi pa

dh o vo{ kg vbkmb vh mog }pthgfpbhg iamoi mkskm mo~omkp{) acphg kg ~iomh} vbhth pbk} }hmpat k}

sht{ ~aati{ `hshia~h`' Vh oi}a okl pa dxki` ~otpght}bk~} vkpb XE,do}h` atfogk}opkag) kg phtl}

ac ~task`kgf mag}xipogm{ ag bhoipb ~tajhmp}) o} vhii catloik}kgf cxg`kgf }pthol}'

Maxgpt{ tajhmp Logofht}

Gkfht: Odàx Go}}ktax

ôek}pog: Od`xi Vobod

@T Magfa: Jkdtkii Eo}agfa

GD: Vh bosh gap omegavih`fh` L{oglot }pocc kg

at`ht pa ~taphmp k`hgpkpkh}'

Iamoi ôtpght} og` Atfogk}opkag}

@T Magfa: TO@HL) AMBO) VBA) VC^

Foldko: Cth}b ]potp Caxgòpkag

Fbogo: GAFOK@

Ehg{o: Ebo`kjo Caxgòpkag

Gkfht: Faxidk

L{oglot: ]lkih Bhoipbmoth

@agat Atfogk}opkag}

Lx}ikl Ok`

Bxlog O~~hoi Kgphtgopkagoi

Oi Lx}poco Ptx}p


27/28

Cxii `hpoki} ac ommaxgp} og` hr~hg`kpxth oth osokiodih ctal axt Bho` Acckmh

]pophlhgp ac Ckgogmkoi Ompkskpkh}cat pbh {hot hg`h` =? Jogxot{ 4>>;

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!>&+?-

4=?0%-

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28/28

O mbotkp{ `h`kmoph` pa ~task}kag ac mal~thbhg}ksh lh`kmoi

thikhc vati`vk`h'Thfk}phth` mbotkp{ kg pbh XE'Thf' Ga: ??4436?

@ampat} Vati`vk`h Bho` Acmh?=0 Vhiikgfpag Tao` Gatpb

]pame~atp'

]E0 4IIXgkph` Ekgf`al'

Phih~bagh : %00 ?3? 4;4 8622Cor : %00 ?3? 4;4 8663

vvv'`ampat}vati`vk`h'atf
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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