Do Now: Do Now: • With your topic in mind, ask yourself these With your topic in mind, ask yourself these

questions:questions:–Does the topic Does the topic merit the audience’s merit the audience’s

attention?attention?–Do you have Do you have adequate knowledge adequate knowledge of the of the

topic?topic?– Is the Is the topic appropriate topic appropriate for the situation for the situation

in which you will present it?in which you will present it?

Aim: How do you effectively determine Aim: How do you effectively determine the the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

1.1. General PurposeGeneral Purpose– The broad goal of a speech.The broad goal of a speech.– The three major kinds of general purposes The three major kinds of general purposes

are are to inform, to persuade, and to entertainto inform, to persuade, and to entertain2.2. Specific PurposeSpecific Purpose– A single infinitive phrase A single infinitive phrase that states that states

precisely what a speaker hopes to precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech accomplish in his or her speech

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

General PurposeGeneral Purpose• Topic: Topic:

EmergenciesEmergencies• To InformTo Inform

Specific Purpose Specific Purpose • To inform To inform my my

audience audience of the of the major steps in major steps in responding to an responding to an emergency emergency

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

1.1. Write the Purpose Statement as a Full Write the Purpose Statement as a Full Infinitive Phrase, Not as a FragmentInfinitive Phrase, Not as a Fragment– Ineffective: CalendarsIneffective: Calendars– More effective: To inform my audience More effective: To inform my audience

about the four major kinds of calendars about the four major kinds of calendars used in the world todayused in the world today

– Ineffective: HalloweenIneffective: Halloween– More effective: To inform my audience More effective: To inform my audience

about the history of Halloween observances about the history of Halloween observances

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

2.2. Express your Purpose as a Statement, Not as Express your Purpose as a Statement, Not as a Questiona Question– Ineffective: Is the U.S. Space program Ineffective: Is the U.S. Space program

necessary?necessary?– More effective: To persuade my audience More effective: To persuade my audience

that the U.S. Space program provides that the U.S. Space program provides little to no benefit for the average little to no benefit for the average taxpayer despite its tremendous budget taxpayer despite its tremendous budget

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

3.3. Avoid Figurative Language in Your Purpose Avoid Figurative Language in Your Purpose StatementStatement– Ineffective: To inform my audience that Ineffective: To inform my audience that

diaphragmatic breathing is totally sweetdiaphragmatic breathing is totally sweet– More Effective: To inform my audience of the More Effective: To inform my audience of the

ways diaphragmatic breathing can reduce their ways diaphragmatic breathing can reduce their stressstress

– Ineffective: To persuade my audience that Ineffective: To persuade my audience that banning cell phones in schools due to gang-related banning cell phones in schools due to gang-related activity would be like throwing the baby out with activity would be like throwing the baby out with the bathwaterthe bathwater

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

4.4. Limit your Purpose Statement to One Distinct Limit your Purpose Statement to One Distinct IdeaIdea– Ineffective: To persuade my audience to Ineffective: To persuade my audience to

become literacy tutors and to donate time become literacy tutors and to donate time to Habitat for Humanity to Habitat for Humanity

– More Effective: To persuade my audience More Effective: To persuade my audience to become literary tutors (or)to become literary tutors (or)

– More Effective: To persuade my audience More Effective: To persuade my audience to donate time to Habitat for Humanity to donate time to Habitat for Humanity

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

5.5. Make Sure your Specific Purpose is Not Too Make Sure your Specific Purpose is Not Too Vague or General Vague or General – Ineffective: To inform my audience about the Ineffective: To inform my audience about the

Civil WarCivil War– More Effective: To inform my audience about More Effective: To inform my audience about

the role of African-American soldiers in the Civil the role of African-American soldiers in the Civil WarWar

– Ineffective: To persuade my audience that Ineffective: To persuade my audience that something should be done about American something should be done about American monetary policy monetary policy

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your of your speech?speech?

The following statements do not meet the criteria The following statements do not meet the criteria for expressing the specific purpose of a speech. for expressing the specific purpose of a speech. What is wrong with each of them? Correct What is wrong with each of them? Correct each one, further narrowing the topics as each one, further narrowing the topics as necessary. necessary.

1.1. To inform my audience how to make perfect To inform my audience how to make perfect popcorn every timepopcorn every time

2.2. What is obsessive compulsive disorder?What is obsessive compulsive disorder?3.3. To inform my audience about ThailandTo inform my audience about Thailand4.4. Donate blood.Donate blood.

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

• Does my purpose meet this assignment?Does my purpose meet this assignment?• Can I accomplish this purpose in the time Can I accomplish this purpose in the time

allotted?allotted?• Is the purpose relevant to my audience?Is the purpose relevant to my audience?• Is the purpose too trivial for my audience?Is the purpose too trivial for my audience?• Is the purpose too technical for myIs the purpose too technical for my audience?audience?

Aim: How do you effectively determine the Aim: How do you effectively determine the purposepurpose of your speech? of your speech?

• Choose Choose twotwo of the following topics and of the following topics and compose an appropriate specific purpose compose an appropriate specific purpose statementstatement suitable for this class assignment: suitable for this class assignment:– EducationEducation TechnologyTechnology– SportsSports PrejudicePrejudice– ScienceScience HealthHealth– PoliticsPolitics CrimeCrime–MusicMusic