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• Which list includes elements with the most similar chemical properties?

1. Br, Ga, Hg

2. Cr, Pb, Xe

3. O, S, Se

4. N, O, F

PERIODICITY, PART 1.5

Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design

Mr. Quinn and Ms. Tom

10/29/13

Aim

•How is the periodic table organized?

Atomic Radius

The distance from the middle of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell

Outer Shell Electrons

aka Valence Electrons

The total number of electrons on the outer shell

•This includes the s- and p-sublevels

Ionization Energy

• The amount of energy required to remove a valence electron

Electron Affinity• The amount of

energy gained by adding an electron to the outer shell

Electron Affinity• As we move

across a period, electron affinity…• Increases

• As we move down a group, electron affinity…• Stays the same

Electron Affinity• As number of

valence electrons increases, electron affinity…• Increases

• As ionization energy increases, electron affinity…• Increases

Electronegativity

• The total ability of an atom to hold an electron

Electronegativity• As we move across a

period, electronegativity…• Increases

• As we move down a group, electronegativity…• Decreases

Electronegativity• As atomic radius

increases, electronegativity…• Decreases

• As number of valence electrons increases, electronegativity…• Increases

Electronegativity• As ionization energy

increases, electronegativity…• Increases

• As electron affinity increases, electronegativity…• Increases

To Recap…

High Atomic Radius

Many valence electrons

High Ionization Energy

High electron affinity

High electronegativity

Regents Problems, Round 1

•The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing

1. atomic mass

2. atomic number

3. molar mass

4. oxidation number

Regents Problems, Round 2

•Which list of elements from Group 2 on the Periodic Table is arranged in order of increasing atomic radius?

1. Be, Mg, Ca

2. Ca, Mg, Be

3. Ba, Ra, Sr

4. Sr, Ra, Ba

Regents Problems, Round 3

•Which atom in the ground state requires the least amount of energy to remove its valence electron?

1. lithium atom

2. potassium atom

3. rubidium atom

4. sodium atom

Regents Problems, Round 4

•Which general trend is found in Period 3 as the elements are considered in order of increasing atomic number?

1. increasing atomic radius

2. increasing electronegativity

3. decreasing atomic mass

4. decreasing first ionization energy

Regents Problems, Round 5

•Compared to the atoms of nonmetals in Period 3, the atoms of metals in Period 3 have

1. fewer valence electrons

2. more valence electrons

3. fewer electron shells

4. more electron shells

Regents Problems, Round 6

•In the ground state, each atom of an element has two valence electrons. This element has a lower first ionization energy than calcium. Where is this element located on the Periodic Table?

1. Group 1, Period 4

2. Group 2, Period 5

3. Group 2, Period 3

4. Group 3, Period4

Regents Problems, Round 7

•An atom of which element has the greatest attraction for the electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom?

1. Chlorine

2. Phosphorus

3. Silicon

4. sulfur

Regents Problems, Round 8

•As the elements is Period 3 are considered in order of increasing atomic number, there is a general decrease in

1. atomic mass

2. atomic radius

3. electronegativity

4. first ionization energy

Regents Problems, Round 9

• Which element has chemical properties that are most similar to the chemical properties of sodium?

1. Beryllium

2. Calcium

3. Lithium

4. magnesium

Regents Problems, Round 10

• As atomic number increases within Group 15 on the Periodic Table, atomic radius

1. decreases, only

2. increases, only

3. decreases, then increases

4. increases, then decreases