DO NOW!!!!DO NOW!!!!What would it be like to live in a country What would it be like to live in a country where you were under constant where you were under constant surveillance?surveillance?What would it by like for people that What would it by like for people that belong to a minority group or do not belong to a minority group or do not support the majority opinion?support the majority opinion?

Military Regimes (Europe Military Regimes (Europe and Japan)and Japan)

Chapter 23 Section 1Chapter 23 Section 1

MilitarismMilitarism increases in Italy, Germany, Spain, increases in Italy, Germany, Spain, the Soviet Union, and Japanthe Soviet Union, and Japan What are these countries preparing themselves for?What are these countries preparing themselves for?

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State—the state regulates nearly —the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private lifeevery aspect of public and private life Typical characteristics—one political party, Typical characteristics—one political party,

government propaganda to control people, mass government propaganda to control people, mass surveillance, control of media, use of terror tactics surveillance, control of media, use of terror tactics

What would it be like to live in such a country?What would it be like to live in such a country?

Overwhelming problems led some nations to turn to a new form of government called totalitarianism.

Italy (Benito Mussolini)Italy (Benito Mussolini)Fascist Party (Blackshirts)Fascist Party (Blackshirts)—founded by —founded by Mussolini in 1921Mussolini in 1921 Sought to destroy the communist party in Italy Sought to destroy the communist party in Italy Wanted a military dominated societyWanted a military dominated society

MussoliniMussolini takes Rome in 1922—he is appointed takes Rome in 1922—he is appointed Prime MinisterPrime Minister and granted dictatorial powers and granted dictatorial powers Freedom of speech is limited, political rivals Freedom of speech is limited, political rivals

imprisoned, voting rights restrictedimprisoned, voting rights restricted Wants to make Italy an imperial power—takes Wants to make Italy an imperial power—takes

EthiopiaEthiopia

The Soviet Union (Joseph The Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin)Stalin)

Lenin dies in 1924—Stalin takes over in the Lenin dies in 1924—Stalin takes over in the vicious Soviet political system—assassinated vicious Soviet political system—assassinated political rivals (underhanded tactics) political rivals (underhanded tactics) Seizes private farms creating large state run Seizes private farms creating large state run farms farms Those who refused were sent to labor campsThose who refused were sent to labor camps This results in decreased food production—Why?This results in decreased food production—Why?

What is motivating these farmers to work? What is motivating these farmers to work?

RED ARMYRED ARMY—used by Stalin to crush all —used by Stalin to crush all enemies enemies

Germany (Adolph Hitler)Germany (Adolph Hitler)National Socialist party or NAZI party National Socialist party or NAZI party

Win almost 40 % of vote in 1932Win almost 40 % of vote in 1932 Blame Jews, communists, and intellectuals for Germany’s Blame Jews, communists, and intellectuals for Germany’s

declinedeclineWhy was the party’s philosophy so popular at the time?Why was the party’s philosophy so popular at the time?

Third ReichThird Reich (3rd empire)—refers to Hitler’s government (3rd empire)—refers to Hitler’s government Characteristics—mandatory military service, Jews & non-Nazi’s Characteristics—mandatory military service, Jews & non-Nazi’s

could not hold office, strikes are outlawed could not hold office, strikes are outlawed Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and re-arms GermanyHitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and re-arms Germany

This boosts industry and creates jobsThis boosts industry and creates jobs

Nazi Storm troopers—brownshirts Nazi Storm troopers—brownshirts

Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, was appointed chancellor.

In Germany, the Weimar Republic struggled with overwhelming economic and social problems.

Hitler seized power and created a totalitarian state.

Hitler making a speech

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

Describe life in a Describe life in a TotalitarianTotalitarian state. state.List some similarities and differences List some similarities and differences between Italy, The Soviet Union, and between Italy, The Soviet Union, and Germany during WWIIGermany during WWII

Totalitarian leaders promised to bring jobs, food, and prosperity.

They promised to make their countries great again.

In reality, however, the brutal tactics used by totalitarian leaders resulted in the deaths of millions of people.

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

Hatred of Jews—becomes official Hatred of Jews—becomes official government policy government policy Nuremberg laws deprive Jews of citizenship, Nuremberg laws deprive Jews of citizenship,

authorize destruction of propertyauthorize destruction of property Wealthy or famous Jews (artists, scientists, Wealthy or famous Jews (artists, scientists,

etc.) sometimes able to flee the countryetc.) sometimes able to flee the country

JapanJapan(Emperor Hirohito) Emperor(Emperor Hirohito) Emperor(Hideki Tojo) Prime Minister(Hideki Tojo) Prime Minister

Hirohito in power 1926-1989Hirohito in power 1926-1989Tojo in control 1941-1945 (later convicted of war crimes Tojo in control 1941-1945 (later convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death)and sentenced to death)Threatens Asia while Germany threatens EuropeThreatens Asia while Germany threatens EuropeWanted to rely less on foreign imports—(largely oil)Wanted to rely less on foreign imports—(largely oil)Reduce western influenced in Asia and promote Reduce western influenced in Asia and promote Japanese influenceJapanese influenceJapan occupies Northern China in 1937Japan occupies Northern China in 1937

Both the United States and League of Nations condemn these Both the United States and League of Nations condemn these actions but fail to actactions but fail to act

Why do the United States and League of Nations allow Japan to Why do the United States and League of Nations allow Japan to begin to take over China?begin to take over China?

Japan at the time…Japan at the time…

Ninth largest economy in the world behind Ninth largest economy in the world behind ItalyItalyThird largest navy behind USA and Great Third largest navy behind USA and Great Britain Britain

These leaders attempted to solve their country’s economic problems through aggressive military conquests.

Japan did not become a totalitarian dictatorship, but it did come under the influence of strong military leaders.

Japanese Expansion, 1931-1939

Japan invaded Manchuria, then China.

The attack on Nanjing was especially brutal.

Acts of Aggression in Europe and Asia

Germany • rebuilt military• reclaimed Saar region from France• invaded the Rhineland• Anschluss(annexing Austria) • invaded the Sudetenland

Italy • invaded Ethiopia

Spain • Fascists rebelled against the government• Spanish Civil War

Japan • conquered Manchuria and parts of China

The appeasement of Hitler continued with the Munich Pact.

Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland to Germany in return for peace.

But peace was not to come.British Prime Minister Neville

Chamberlain and Hitler in Munich