Do NowDo Now

►Take out your muscle contraction bookTake out your muscle contraction book►What is the difference between troponin What is the difference between troponin

and tropomyosin? How are they related and tropomyosin? How are they related to each other? to each other?

►What is the neurotransmitter that is What is the neurotransmitter that is released by a neuron onto a muscle? released by a neuron onto a muscle?

►When this neurotransmitter is released When this neurotransmitter is released onto a muscle, what happens onto a muscle, what happens throughout the muscle cells? throughout the muscle cells?

Muscular System Muscular System DisordersDisorders

Musculoskeletal DisordersMusculoskeletal Disorders

► Strain- Strain- a tear in the a tear in the muscle resulting from muscle resulting from usually excessive useusually excessive use

►Muscle spasm- Muscle spasm- sustained contraction sustained contraction of the muscle. May of the muscle. May occur from overuse of occur from overuse of the muscle.the muscle.

StrainsStrains

►StrainsStrains are injuries that affect muscles are injuries that affect muscles or tendons, thick bands that attach or tendons, thick bands that attach muscles to bones. muscles to bones.

► They occur in response to a quick tear, twist, or pull They occur in response to a quick tear, twist, or pull of the muscle. Strains are an acute type of injury of the muscle. Strains are an acute type of injury that results from overstretching or over contraction. that results from overstretching or over contraction. Pain, weakness, and muscle spasms are common Pain, weakness, and muscle spasms are common

symptoms experienced after a strain occurssymptoms experienced after a strain occurs. .

Remember Sprains?Remember Sprains?

►SprainsSprains are injuries that affect are injuries that affect ligaments, thick bands of cartilage that ligaments, thick bands of cartilage that attach bone to bone. They occur in attach bone to bone. They occur in response to a stretch or tear of a response to a stretch or tear of a ligament. Sprains are an acute type of ligament. Sprains are an acute type of injury that results from trauma such as injury that results from trauma such as a fall or outside force that displaces a fall or outside force that displaces the surrounding joint from its normal the surrounding joint from its normal alignment. Sp alignment. Sp

FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia

► Chronic widespread muscle pain to specific Chronic widespread muscle pain to specific muscle sites lasting 3 or more monthsmuscle sites lasting 3 or more months

► Sx: muscle stiffness, numbness or tingling in Sx: muscle stiffness, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs, fatigue sleep disturbances, the arms or legs, fatigue sleep disturbances, and depression.and depression.

► Etiology: unknown, but stress, weather, and Etiology: unknown, but stress, weather, and poor physical fitness affect the conditionpoor physical fitness affect the condition

► TX: pain relief, PT, massage, stress TX: pain relief, PT, massage, stress reduction, med to relax muscle and relieve reduction, med to relax muscle and relieve painpain

HerniasHernias

► Imagine an inner tube poking through a hole Imagine an inner tube poking through a hole in an old tire — that's what a hernia is like.in an old tire — that's what a hernia is like.

►Hernia occurs when organ protrudes Hernia occurs when organ protrudes through a weak musclethrough a weak muscle

►Abdominal- organs protrude through Abdominal- organs protrude through the abdominal wallthe abdominal wall

► Inguinal- occurs in the inguinal areaInguinal- occurs in the inguinal area

Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy

►Group of inherited diseasesGroup of inherited diseases►Leads to chronic progressive muscle Leads to chronic progressive muscle

atrophyatrophy►Usually appears in early childhoodUsually appears in early childhood►Most types result in total disability and Most types result in total disability and

early deathearly death►P.T. is used to slow progress P.T. is used to slow progress

Myasthenia GravisMyasthenia Gravis

►Chronic condition in which nerve Chronic condition in which nerve impulses are not transmitted properly impulses are not transmitted properly to the musclesto the muscles

►Leads to progressive muscular Leads to progressive muscular weakness and paralysisweakness and paralysis

►Fatal when it affects the resp systemsFatal when it affects the resp systems►Etiology: unknown – maybe Etiology: unknown – maybe

autoimmune affecting the myoneural autoimmune affecting the myoneural functionfunction

Tennis ElbowTennis Elbow

►Occurs at the bony prominence on the Occurs at the bony prominence on the sides of the elbow. The tendon that sides of the elbow. The tendon that connects the arm muscle to elbow connects the arm muscle to elbow becomes inflamed because of the becomes inflamed because of the repetitive use of the arm and under repetitive use of the arm and under conditioning. (conditioning. (swinging golf clubswinging golf club, , playing playing tennis)tennis)

http://www.nytimes.com/video/2012/09/09/health/100000001768943/a-fix-for-tennis-elbow.html

Tennis ElbowTennis Elbow

Shin SplintsShin Splints

►Occurs when there is injury to the Occurs when there is injury to the muscle tendon in the front of the shin.muscle tendon in the front of the shin.

►Occurs when joggingOccurs when jogging►To prevent: choose a running shoe To prevent: choose a running shoe

that is comfortable and has proper that is comfortable and has proper arch supportarch support

►Slow to healSlow to healhttp://video.about.com/running/How-to-Treat-Shin-Splints.htm

Do NowDo Now

►Describe characteristics of a hernia. Describe characteristics of a hernia. ►What is myasthenia gravis? What is myasthenia gravis? ►A patient presents to you with A patient presents to you with

symptoms of pain in her shoulders. symptoms of pain in her shoulders. The pain has been happening The pain has been happening consistently for the last 3 months and it consistently for the last 3 months and it seems to be triggered by certain seems to be triggered by certain weather conditions. What do you think weather conditions. What do you think she has? she has?