DO NOW: In your notebook – answer the following…

1. What types of pollutants are in our oceans?2. Where do they come from? (hint: think about

what we have learned about non-point pollution)

Everything flows downstream…

• Pollutants from land activities end up in rivers and streams

• Rivers flow into the ocean• Includes:– Pesticides, Fertilizers, Animal Waste, Litter and

Plastics, Oils, Sediments, Salt

85% of Ocean Pollution comes from Land-based activities

“Syringe Tide”

• Summer 1988 – Medical Waste and syringes washed up on the beaches of Long Island and New Jersey

• Debris was traced to NYC sewage system and Fresh Kills Landfill

• Concern over syringes washing up on beaches was heighted because this was shortly after the AIDS crisis had come into the public eye

What was once dumped into the ocean….

1970 Report from the Council on Environmental Quality on Ocean Dumping • 38 million tons of dredged material (34%

polluted)• 4.5 million tons of industrial wastes• 4.5 million tons of sewage sludge (significantly

contaminated with heavy metals)• 0.5 million tons of construction and demolition

debris.

More Stuff that was dumped…

• In 1968, the National Academy of Sciences estimated from both dumping and disposal (through a pipe)– 100 million tons of petroleum products (fossil fuels) – 2-4 million tons of acid chemical wastes from pulp

mills– More than one million tons of heavy metals in

industrial wastes– More than 100,000 tons of organic chemical wastes

And More…

• EPA records indicate that between 1946 and 1970– More than 55,000

containers of radioactive wastes were ocean dumped in the Pacific Ocean.

– Almost 34,000 containers of radioactive wastes were ocean dumped off the East Coast of the United States from 1951 to 1962.

The Solution – 1972 Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA)

• MPRSA (also known as the Ocean Dumping Act) prohibits the dumping of material into the ocean that would unreasonably degrade or endanger human health or the marine environment.

Ocean Garbage Patch

• Plastics from trash dumped into the ocean and washed off land gather in specific places in the ocean due to ocean currents

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oGQTrKVRN74gJM&tbnid=E7LvitBgOcIUmM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/marinedebris101&ei=6M4DU4y2OPfNsQTskIHoDg&psig=AFQjCNFNB945gVJaZTIIYXYGLxaSXjMPCg&ust=1392844784521152

Marine Life Consume the Bits and Pieces

• Pictured to the left are the stomach contents of a juvenile sea turtle accidentally captured off the coast of Argentina.

Ocean PollutionOil Spills • Sources: offshore wells, tankers, pipelines, and

storage tanks.• Effects: death of organisms, significant

economic impact.• Every year, 37 million gallons of oil is spilled due

to tanker accidents. • Responsible for 5% of oil pollution in the oceans

North America oil spill accidents

Exon Valdez Oil Spill 1989

• South cost of Alaska (Prince William Sound)

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=2W_u45Q0NyCVmM&tbnid=TvLDJ2JFX3qx6M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.coroflot.com/lucidity/custom-maps&ei=1Pv0UvneB7DksASEpIHoCg&bvm=bv.60799247,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNEgOYreaZ9pUF1CokE7XGRRVwXklA&ust=1391873210313103

BP Oil Spill

• More than 200 million gallons of crude oil was pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of 87 days, making it the biggest oil spill in U.S. history.

• Over 8,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) were reported dead just 6 months after the spill.

BP Oil Spill

BP Oil Spill

BP Oil Spill

BP Oil Spill

• A solution was found after 87 days of continuous oil spill

BP Oil Spill

Cleanup methods

A) Mechanical cleanup methods:-skimmers, blotters and bladders.

Cleanup Methods

• Booms- absorb and traps oil in a given location

Cleanup Methods

Cleanup Methods

B) Chemical cleanup methods:- coagulants and dispersing agents.

Chemicals dispersed to break up the oil slick.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xGHmrVlW9SCPuM&tbnid=fH0zSu506-JLoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/united-states/jones-act-bp-oil-spill-37274.html&ei=V_70UtDcFNDNsQSKi4GQBQ&bvm=bv.60799247,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNEmDQLrTayJdFMM8VOOaLxVBH8WFA&ust=1391873500436423

Clean up methods reviewa) Mechanical b) Chemical

BP Oil Spill

• Video Clip - BP Oil Spill Effect on Wildlifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Uax5FRWnvs

Oil Spill Lab Activity

• Method 1: Skimmer1. Pour about 1 inch of water into the pie pan.2. Dip your feather in the clean water and observe it’s

physical appearance.3. Use the pipette to add 1 full pipette of oil into the pie

pan.4. Dip your feather into the oil container and observe it's

physical appearance.5. Use a plastic spoon to scoop the oil and place it into

the liquid waste container.

• Method 2: Booms and Absorbents1. Use the pipette to add 1 full pipette of oil

into the pie pan.2. Use cotton balls to absorb the oil spill.3. Dispose the cotton balls into the solid waste

container.4. Use absorbent pads to absorb the rest of the

oil spill.5. Dispose the absorbent pads into the solid

waste container.

Oil Spill Lab Activity

• Method 3: Chemical Dispersant 1. Use the pipette to add 1 full pipette of oil

into the pie pan.2. Spray the detergent (10-12 times) on the oil

spill in the pie pan.3. Stir the content in the pie pan with spoon.4. Wait 1 minute and observe what happens to

the oil blobs.

Oil Spill Lab Activity

Clean Up

1. Clean up your lab table !!!-Use spoons to skim remaining oil in pan- Carefully pour water into liquid waste container-empty the liquid waste container into the 5 gallon

waste container.-empty the solid waste container into the regular

garbage can. -Wash and Dry: spoons, pan, and liquid/solid

waste containers