Do Now & Homework

Pass up your test corrections – and if you were absent, I will hand them back to you to be completed by THURSDAY.

HOMEWORK: Define these words in your notebook pg 209-214:

1. Muhammad

2. Abu Bakr

3. Caliph

4. Five Pillars

BIG Ideas of the Muslim World

Included lands and peoples from parts of three continents.

Kept, mixed and spread the cultures of classical Greece, Roman, India and other civilizations.

Enjoyed a golden age with advances in art, literature, math and science.

Spread new learning to Christian Europeans.

The Spread of Islam

Islam arose in the Arabian in the early 600s. Muhammad, founder of Islam, died in 632. Abu Bakr was elected first caliph, or

successor. Abu Bakr conquered: Byzantine & Persian Empires = early 600s North Africa = mid to late 600s Spain and Sicily = early 700s India = early 700s-1200s Southeast Asia = 1200s

Reasons for Success Arabs were strong fighters. Byzantine & Persian empires

were weak from fighting each other.

Muslims were united by their belief in Islam.

Muslim rulers treated their conquered kindly, many turning to Islam.

Do Now & Homework

State in your notebook TWO of FOUR reasons why Islam was successful.

HOMEWORK: On loose leaf, page 222 # 5, 9, 14 BOTH QUESTION AND ANSWER

Islamic Law

Sharia – Islamic system of laws Regulated moral behavior, family

life, business, government, and other areas of community life.

Laws united the Muslims. Sharia did not separate religious

and worldly matters.

Divisions within Islam After Muhammad’s death, followers split into two

groups:

1. Sunni

2. Shiite Sunnis believed that caliph should be chosen by

Muslim leaders. Sunnis believed did not view the caliph as a

religious authority. Shiites believed that only descendants of the

prophet Muhammad should be his successors. This split still exists today in the branches of

Christianity.

Social Patterns Arabs considered themselves superior to non-Arabs. Arabs could move up in social order (pyramids),

especially religious, scholarly or military achievements.

Islamic leaders imposed a special tax on non-Muslims, but allowed people to practice their own faiths.

Slavery of other countries worked as house servants or craftspeople.

Enslaved people could buy their freedom. Children could be saved from slavery if a slave

converted to Islam.

Women in Islam

The Qur’an protected women of this time. Daughters could not be killed and

protected rights of widows. Women could inherit rights, could be

educated and consent to marry freely, however, less rights than men.

In Byzantine and Persia, women wore veils and secluded themselves in home, depending on their social class.

Muslim Empires Umayyad dynasty – spread Islam to the

Atlantic in the west and Indus Valley in the east, based in Damascus, and caused tension between Sunnis & Shiites, and Arabs vs. non-Arabs.

Abbassid dynasty – captured Damascus and moved court to Baghdad, ending Arab domination of Islam.

900s – Seljuk Turks adopted Islam and built their empire.

1200s – Mongols destroyed Baghdad.

Do Now & Homework

What rights did Islamic women have? STATE 2 or 3 ideas.

Islamic Golden AgeArt • Use beautiful writing and patterns to decorate buildings and art • Adapt Byzantine domes and arches • Paint people and animals in nonreligious art

Literature • Consider Quran most important piece of Arabic literature • Chant oral poetry • Collect stories from other people

Learning Medicine • Translate writings of Greek philosophers • Develop algebra • Observe Earth turning and measure its Circumference

Medicine • Require doctors to pass difficult tests • Set up hospitals with emergency rooms • Study diseases and write medical books

Advancements of the Muslims

Muslim empires had many libraries and universities.

Muslim architects were influenced on Byzantine domes and arches.

Muslim leader forbid artists to portray God or human figures in religious art.

Calligraphy was used for their writing and art.

Muslims wrote poetry and stories, and important philosophers.

Advancements Continued Muslims pioneered the study of algebra. Muslim astronomers observed the Earth’s

rotation and calculated the circumference of the Earth within a few thousand feet.

Doctors were tested and hospital were set up. Muslims traded, manufactured and had lots of

agriculture. In trade, Muslims set up partnerships, credit,

and banks to exchange different kinds of currency ($$)

Christian Europe Enriched In Spain, Muslims were called Moors,

continued accepting other religions and hired Jewish officials and encouraged Christian students to study Greek thought.

In Sicily, Muslims provided effective government, and Arab merchants and farmers helped the economy grow.