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Draw a map of Italy and the surrounding area. Locate Rome, Sicily, Carthage, Sardinia, Corsica, and the four seas around the country. (pages 146 & 147)

Chapter 5 Section 1The Rise of Rome

Questions

1. How did the Romans make the people they conquered feel that they had stake in Rome’s success?

2. Compare and Contrast the patricians and the plebeians.

3. What part of our legal system did the Twelve Tables give way to?

4. What did the Romans do to win the first Punic War and take control of Sicily?

5. What tactic did the Romans use to get Hannibal out of Rome and led to them eventually crushing Hannibal’s forces?

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The Romans made it clear that loyal allies could improve their status and become Roman citizens.

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The patricians were wealthy landowners, who became Rome’s ruling class. Less wealthy landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchants were part of a larger group called plebeians. Men in both groups were citizens and could vote, but only the patricians could be elected to office. Children of patricians and plebeians were forbidden to marry each other. Plebeians resented this situation, especially since they served in the Roman army that protected the Republic.

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A person was innocent until proved otherwise. People accused of wrongdoing were allowed to defend themselves before a judge. A judge, in turn, was expected to weigh evidence carefully before arriving at a decision.

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The Romans—a land power—realized that they could not win the war without a navy and built a large fleet. After a long struggle, a Roman fleet defeated the Carthaginian navy, and the war came to an end.

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Rome invaded Carthage rather than fight Hannibal in Italy, forcing the Carthaginians to recall Hannibal from Italy. At the Battle of Zama (ZAY•muh) in 202 b.c., the Romans crushed Hannibal’s forces, and the war was over.

ActivityDraw a picture of a Rome that depicts the different vocabulary. Label the pictures.

Republic-a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

Patrician-great landowners, they formed the ruling class in the Roman Republic

Plebeian-in the Roman Republic, a social class made up of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

Consul-a chief executive officer of the Roman Republic; two were elected each year, one to run the government and one to lead the army into battle

Praetor-an official of the Roman Republic in charge of enforcing civil law