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Do Now 2/20

HAPPY BIRTHDAY GLADYS!!WOD: MAMMOTH (MAM uth) adj.

huge; gigantic Until I visited Manhattan, I could not imagine the MAMMOTH size of the

Empire State Building. Herman Melville’s title character, Moby Dick, is a MAMMOTH whale. When Jane returned from vacation, she found a MAMMOTH amount of

work piled on her desk.

STUDY FOR YOUR 5.1-5.2 QUIZ!!`

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Phylum Porifera

Translation

4 Important Features First multi-cellular animal Simple body plan (no mouth, no gut,

no specialized tissues or organ systems)

Filter-feeders Among the most ancient animals

living today

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Pori - fera

pore bearing

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Sponge Anatomy

Sponges are quite probably the most ancient animal alive on the planet today.

Due to their incredible age sponges are very primitive, having cells which are not organized into specialized tissues or organs the way many other, more evolved animals do.

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How Do Sponges Filter Water?

Sponges are filter feeders. This means that they take water in through a series of canals into their central cavity where food is removed from the water.

Sponges have two different types of pores around their body. The first are the smaller

pores known as the ostia. These are the incurrent pores.

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How Do Sponges Filter Water?

The second pore is larger and is known as the oscula. This is the excurrent pore.

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How Do Sponges Filter Water?

The path of water through a sponge.

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Cells

Sponges have three main different types of cells which make up their bodies.

The epidermis or “skin” of the sponge is made of cells which can synthesize collagen, known as pinacocytes.

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Cells

The canals throughout the sponge are lined with cells called choanocytes or collar cells.

These collar cells have a flagellum for helping the water move through the canals and a collar for trapping food particles ingested by the cell body. The are also responsible for keeping the water flowing through the sponge at all times.

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Cells

The third type of sponge cell is the amoebocyte.

The amoebocytes function as a mobile “stomachs,” bringing food throughout the sponge. They are also responsible for building part of the sponges skeleton.

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DO NOW 2/24

MARITIME (MARE ah time) adj. near the sea; concerned with navigation or commerce on the sea

While in our nation’s capitol, we visited the MARITIME War Museum. Rick’s desire is to become a MARITIME lawyer. Boston is a famous MARITIME city.

DO NOW:

1.) What is the difference between ostia and oscula?

2.) What are the three main types of cells that make up sponges?

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Sponge Anatomy:How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?

A sponges skeleton is made of two different materials, spongin and spicules. Spongin is the softer, porous material that we usually associate with sponges. This is

the substance used to make our everyday sponges.

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Sponge Anatomy:How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?

The other material which makes up the skeletons of sponges are spicules.

Spicules are thin and spiny shards of either calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or silicon dioxide (SiO2).

The spicules are made by the amoebocytes and come in many different shapes and sizes. They interlock to form beautiful and delicate skeletons. Spicules can actually be used to identify different species of sponge.

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Sponge Anatomy:How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?

Examples of different kinds of spicules.

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Sponge Anatomy:How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?

A great example of the complexity of spicules in a glass sponge, common name Venus’s Flower Basket.

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DO NOT TOUCH THIS SPONGE!!!

Why would touching this sponge (Tedania ignis) be a bad idea?

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Shapes

General sponge shapes. Ball sponges.

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Shapes

General sponge shapes. Vase sponges.

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Shapes

General sponge shapes. Barrel sponges.

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Sponge Anatomy:Sponge Shapes

General sponge shapes. Tube sponges.

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Sponge Reproduction

Sponges can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Sexual Reproduction During sexual reproduction the choanocytes

actually turn in the gametes (the sex cells) and leave the sponge.

Most sponges produce both male and female gametes meaning that they are hermaphroditic.

Release of gametes into the water is known as spawning.

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Sponge Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs when a branch or

bud breaks off the “parent” sponge and grows into a separate identical sponge.

Sponges are able to reproduce in this way because they are able to regenerate any or all of their bodies.

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The End

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